Module 2: Title

Design Patterns in Web

Application
Development

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 Design Patterns in Web
Application Development

•Enhancing Scalability, Maintainability, and

Security

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 Module 2:Overview

•Course Overview: This module introduces

common software design patterns used in
web development to ensure scalability,
maintainability, and reusability of code
security.

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 Learning Outcomes
•By the end of this module, the students
should be able to:
• Identify common design patterns in web application
development.
• Implement the MVC pattern in a web application.
• Evaluate the benefits of using design patterns in terms of
scalability and maintenance.
• Adopt best practices in applying design patterns to web
projects

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 Importance of Design
Patterns in Web
Development
• Help streamline and organize code.
• Improve efficiency, maintainability, and scalability.
• Provide proven solutions to common problems.
• Promote code reusability and clean architecture

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 Overview of Common
Design Patterns

• Model-View-Controller (MVC)
• Factory Pattern
• Singleton Pattern
• Observer Pattern
• Decorator Pattern
• And more...
• Note: Each pattern offers a unique benefit to web
development.

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 Model-View-Controller
(MVC)
• Heading: MVC Pattern
• Model: Manages data and business logic.
• View: Handles display and user interaction.
• Controller: Manages user input, updates model
and view.
• Image/Diagram: Simple MVC architecture

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 Factory Pattern
• Heading: Factory Pattern
• Provides an interface for creating objects without
specifying the exact class.
• Used when systems require flexible object
creation.
• Example: Object creation in polymorphic systems.
• Diagram: Factory method flow.

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 Singleton Pattern
• Heading: Singleton Pattern
• Ensures a class has only one instance.
• Global access point for services like logging or
database connections.
• Use Case: Database connections in web apps.
• Visual: Singleton pattern diagram.

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 Observer Pattern
• Heading: Observer Pattern
• Defines a one-to-many dependency.
• When one object changes state, dependents are
notified automatically.
• Use Case: Event-driven architectures (e.g.,
notifications, real-time data).
• Image: Observer pattern structure

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 Decorator Pattern
•Heading: Decorator Pattern
•Dynamically adds behavior to objects
without modifying their original code.
•Used to enhance functionality in a flexible
way.
•Example: Adding middleware in frameworks
like Express.js.
•Visual: Decorator pattern in action

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 Repository Pattern
•Heading: Repository Pattern
•Abstracts data access layer to simplify
database interactions.
•Decouples business logic from data access
logic.
•Example: Used in ORM frameworks (e.g.,
Eloquent in Laravel).
•Diagram: Repository pattern flow.

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 Other Patterns
•Heading: Additional Design Patterns
•Service Locator Pattern
•Front Controller Pattern
•Proxy Pattern
•Command Pattern
•Strategy Pattern
•Facade Pattern
•Adapter Pattern

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 Other Patterns
•Heading: Additional Design Patterns
•Service Locator Pattern
•Front Controller Pattern
•Proxy Pattern
•Command Pattern
•Strategy Pattern
•Facade Pattern
•Adapter Pattern

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 Conclusion
•Heading: Summary of Design Patterns in Web
Applications
•Improve scalability, maintainability, and
security.
•Foster cleaner, reusable, and more flexible
code.
•Essential in modern web development
frameworks.
•Closing Remark: Choose the right pattern
based on application needs
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 Implementing the MVC
Pattern in a Web
Application Using Laravel

o A Simple Blog Application Example

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 Introduction to MVC in
Laravel
 MVC stands for Model-View-Controller.
 It is a design pattern that separates an application
into three main components:
 Model: Handles the data and business logic.
 View: Manages the user interface and presentation.
 Controller: Connects the Model and the View, handling
user input and interactions.

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 Model - Defining Data
Structure
• Models represent data and interact with the database.
• Laravel models are created using the php artisan
make:model command.
• Example model: Post for a blog post.
• Fields: title, content, and timestamps.
• · Code Snippet:

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 Database Migration

• Use migrations to create and modify database tables.

• Example: Create posts table with fields id, title, content, and
timestamps.
• Migration file is created using php artisan make:migration.
• · Code Snippet:

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View - Displaying Data

• Creating the View with Blade Templates

• Views are responsible for displaying data to the user.
• Laravel uses Blade templating engine to create views.
• Example: A form to create a new blog post and a page to display
posts.
• · Example HTML:

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 Controller - Handling
Requests
• Creating the PostController
• Controllers handle the logic of the application.
• Example: PostController manages CRUD operations (Create,
Read, Update, Delete) for blog posts.
• Functions:
• index() to list posts.
• create() to display the form.
• store() to save the new post to the database.

• · Code Snippet:

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 Routing - Connecting
URLs to Controllers
• Defining Routes for Blog Posts
• Routes connect user requests (URLs) to specific controller
actions.
• Example routes:
• GET /posts → Displays all posts.
• GET /posts/create → Displays the post creation form.
• POST /posts → Submits a new post.

• · Code Snippet:

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 Final Application
Workflow
• Application Workflow
• 1. User requests the post creation form → GET /posts/create.
• 2. User submits the form → POST /posts.
• 3. Controller validates the data and saves it to the database.
• 4. User is redirected to the post listing page → GET /posts.

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 Conclusion
•Key Takeaways
• Laravel’s MVC pattern ensures a clean separation
of concerns.
• Model: Handles data.
• View: Displays user interface.
• Controller: Manages logic and user interaction.
• By using migrations, Blade templates, and
controllers, we can build scalable and
maintainable web applications.

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Benefits of Using Design
Patterns: Scalability and
Maintenance
• How design patterns improve scalability and
streamline maintenance in web development.

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 Introduction to Design
Patterns
•Title: What are Design Patterns?
• Design patterns are proven solutions to common
software design problems.
• Help developers write scalable, maintainable, and
reusable code.
• Commonly used in web application frameworks
like MVC, Factory, Singleton, etc.

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Overview of Scalability &
Maintenance
• Scalability and Maintenance in Web Applications
• Scalability: The ability to handle increased
workloads by adding resources.
• Maintenance: Keeping the software functional,
easy to update, and bug-free over time.
• Design patterns support both scalability and
maintainability

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 Benefits of Design
Patterns for Scalability
• Design Patterns Boost Scalability
• Modular and Reusable Code: Enables individual components to be scaled
independently.
• Efficient Resource Management: Singleton, Proxy patterns control object
creation, reduce memory overhead.
• Distributed Systems: Observer, Factory patterns decouple components,
promoting distributed architecture.
• Example: The MVC pattern helps separate concerns, making
it easier to add new features or improve performance as an
app grows.

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 Benefits of Design Patterns
for Maintenance
• Design Patterns Simplify Maintenance
• Improved Code Readability: Clear structure makes it easy for developers to
understand and modify.
• Reduced Code Duplication: Reuse common functionality, e.g., using the
Decorator pattern for adding features.
• Ease of Refactoring: Adapter, Facade patterns enable easy updates or
extensions.
• Example: Repository pattern abstracts data logic, allowing
easy updates to database operations without rewriting core
application logic

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 Case Study 1 – MVC for
Scalability
• Case Study: MVC in Action
• Example: A large e-commerce website using the
MVC pattern.
• Scalability: Views (front-end) scaled
independently from Models (back-end).
• Outcome: Easier to maintain and improve user
experience without affecting backend logic.

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 Slide 7: Case Study 2 –
Singleton for Maintenance
• Case Study: Singleton for Database Management
• Example: A web application using Singleton for
database connections.
• Maintenance: Single database instance ensures
consistency and reduces memory usage.
• Outcome: Easier to maintain database
connections and troubleshoot issues without
creating multiple instances.

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 Conclusion – Summary of
Benefits
• Summary of Benefits
• Scalability: Modular, decoupled code makes it easy to
scale applications as they grow.
• Maintenance: Consistent structure, reusability, and better
resource management simplify ongoing development.
• Long-term Success: Design patterns contribute to both
improved performance and easier updates.

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 Choosing the Right
Pattern
•Assessing Project Needs:
•Identify the problem or requirement.
•Match with appropriate design patterns.
•Avoiding Overuse:
•Apply patterns based on necessity, not
trends.

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 Best Practices in
Applying Design
Patterns
• Understand the Patterns:
• Study patterns and their use cases.
• Follow Good Design Principles:
• Simplicity, encapsulation, and flexibility.
• Maintain Code Quality:
• Adhere to SOLID principles.
• Document the patterns used.

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Educating and Training

•Team Training:
•Workshops and resources.
•Promoting Best Practices:
•Encouraging consistent use of design patterns

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Educating and Training

•Team Training:
•Workshops and resources.
•Promoting Best Practices:
•Encouraging consistent use of design patterns

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 The end
Thank you

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