1.

6 TRIGNONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS Date:__________

1 revolution: 360° = 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 ≈ 6.28 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠

½ revolution: 180° = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 ≈ 3.14 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠

Conversions
𝜋 180°
Given degrees  ∙ (180°) Given radians  ∙ ( )
𝜋

1. Convert to radians: a) 110° b) 113°

3𝜋
2. Convert to degrees: a) b) 4.3
7

Since 180° = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠, then

0° = 0

30° =

45° =

60° =

90° =

3. a) Label the common angles in degrees.

b) Label the common angles in radians.

When an arc of a circle (s) has the same length as the radius of the circle (r), the measure of the central angle, is
by definition 1 radian.

Therefore, radian measure of an angle at the center of a circle equals the number of times 𝑟 “fits into” 𝑠.

𝒔
𝜽=
𝒓

𝜃= s= and r =

4. What is the arc length cut off by an angle of 40° on a circle with a radius of 7 cm?

3𝜋
5. Same as #4, but the angle is and the area of the circle is 15 in2.
5

When an angle of measure 𝜃 is placed in standard position at the center of a circle of radius 𝑟, the six basic
trigonometric functions of 𝜃 are defined as follows:
𝑦 𝑟
sine: sin 𝜃 = cosecant: csc 𝜃 = 𝑦
𝑟

𝑥 𝑟
cosine: cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 secant: sec 𝜃 = 𝑥

𝑦 𝑥
tangent: tan 𝜃 = 𝑥 cotangent: cot 𝜃 = 𝑦
These six trigonometric functions of θ are ratios of two sides. In similar triangles, the ratios are equal!

So let’s look at the simplest central angle location – in a unit circle.

𝑦 𝑦
sine: sin 𝜃 = = = 𝑦 (y-coordinate of the point!)
𝑟 1

𝑥 𝑥
cosine: cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 = 1 = 𝑥 (x-coordinate of the point!)

𝑦
tangent: tan 𝜃 = 𝑥
6. Evaluate without the use of a calculator:
𝜋
a) sin 45° = j) cos 2 =

2𝜋
b) cos30° = k) sin =
3

c) cos 120° = l) sin 2𝜋 =

d) sin 270° = m) cos 0 =

e) sin 330° = n) tan 315° =

𝜋
f) cos 225° = o) sec 3 =

g) cos 180° = p) csc 180° =

𝜋 2𝜋
h) sin 6 = q) tan =
3

3𝜋
i) cos = r) cot 210° =
4

7. Evaluate using a calculator (know what mode the calculator should be in!):

a) sin 1.5 = d) cot 42° =

b) tan 3 = e) csc(-65°) =

c) cos 10° = f) sec 5 =

 sin
y = a cos(b(x – c)) + d
tan

SINE

Common function: 𝑦 = sin 𝑥

Amplitude: _____________

Period: ________________

5 key points!

8. Graph a) 𝑦 = 2 sin 𝑥 b) 𝑦 = sin 2𝑥

a= a=

b= b=

c= c=

d= d=

Amplitude: ____________ Amplitude: ____________

Period: _______________ Period: _______________

COSINE

Common function: 𝑦 = cos 𝑥

Amplitude: _____________

Period: ________________

5 key points!

𝜋
9. Graph a) 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 + 2 b) 𝑦 = cos(𝑥 − 2 )

a= a=

b= b=

c= c=

d= d=

Amplitude: ____________ Amplitude: ____________

Period: _______________ Period: _______________

TANGENT

Common function: 𝑦 = tan 𝑥

Asymptotes: ____________

3 key points!

Amplitude: _____________

Period: _________________

If there are horizontal transformations then, to find the asymptotes, set bx – c = ______ and bx – c = _______
𝑥
10. Graph a) 𝑦 = tan(4) b) 𝑦 = tan 4𝑥

a= a=

b= b=

c= c=

d= d=

Asymptotes:___________ Asymptotes: ___________

Amplitude: ____________ Amplitude: ____________

Period: _______________ Period: _______________

The sine function graph fails the Horizontal Line Test and therefore the sine function does not have an inverse
function! So why is there a 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 button on your calculator?!

11. Evaluate without using a calculator:

√2 √2
a) sin−1 = c) arcsin(− ) =
2 2

1
b) sin−1 1 = d) arcsin(− 2) =

The cosine function graph also fails the Horizontal Line Test and therefore the cosine function does not have an
inverse function! But there is a 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 button on your calculator...

12. Evaluate without using a calculator:

1 √3
a) cos−1 2 = c) arccos(− ) =
2

√3
b) cos −1 = d) arccos(−1) =
2
The tangent function graph also fails the Horizontal Line Test and therefore the tangent function does not have
an inverse function. But there is a 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 button on your calculator...

12. Evaluate without using a calculator:

√3
a) tan−1 1 = c) arctan( 3 ) =

b) tan−1 (−1) = d) arcsin(−√3) =

SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

13. Solve the equation for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π:

1
a) cos 𝜃 = 2 c) 2sin 𝜃 = −1

b) sin 𝜃 = −1 d) 3 − cos 𝜃 = 3
14. Solve the equation for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360°:
1
a) cos 𝜃 = 3

b) sin 𝜃 = −0.23

c) csc 𝜃 = 5.2

d) sec 𝜃 = −1.8

e) tan 𝜃 = −4.4