Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
PARTICIPATION AND TEACHING ASSISTANTSHIP
BSED/BEED

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM

FS 2

Participation and
Teaching
Assistantship
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM

Understanding AR
Concepts, Processes
and Models

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 1
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM

SPARK Your Interest

UNDERSTANDING AND USING ACTION RESEARCH CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES

The definition of action research evolved over time. There is no singular definition of
action research. Anchored on the idea of inquiry by John Dewey several authors have advanced
the concept of action research. Action research is a type of inquiry that is:
 Practical as it involves making changes to practice.
 Theoretical as it is informed by theory and can generate new insights.
 Concerned with change and improvement.

Action Research has been embraced in education for its value in transforming school
practices by the practitioners themselves. It is used to address practical problems in the
classroom. It is a process that allows teachers to study their own classroom and school setting
to improve their effectiveness. Teacher Action Research (TAR) is a method for educational
practitioner such as teachers and school leaders to engage in the assessment and improvement
of their own practice. It is a tool to help classroom teachers consider their teaching methods
or to adopt a strategy in order to solve everyday problem in the school setting.

Here are some questions and answers that you need to know.
1. What are the core characteristics of AR (Titchen, 2015)?
 Systematic-Like any form of research, it follows a system.
 Rigorous- it has rigor, meaning a strict adherence to the rules of empirical studies.
 Reflective- It follows continuous reflection and action.
 Situational- it is more specific to the location (school) circumstances (teaching and learning, etc).
 Participative-AR can be participative where teachers and students are co researchers.
 Future-oriented- it seeks solution to the current problem for future improvement.
2. Why is action research useful to me as a teacher researcher?
 AR can help me to learn how to improve my practice as a teacher in terms of teaching methods, classroom
management, preparation of the learning environment, developing instructional materials and assessment.
 AR can help me about a wider range of research methods that I can use in the future.
 AR can provide me more space to think deeply about the issues that confront teaching and learning.
 AR can help me engage with my mentor and peers to enable me to improve my teaching practices through
action research.
 AR can help me develop new knowledge which is directly related to my area of specialization.
3. What type of action classroom action studies that can I engage in?
 Creating changes in the classroom practices. Example: What changes will daily writing have my on my
students.
 Establishing effects of curriculum restructuring. Example: Will the use of mother tongue enhance the reading
skills of my learners?
 Enhancing new understanding of learners. Example: What happens when students get demotivated?

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 2
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM
 Teaching a new process to the students. Example: How can I teach third graders to do reflection?

MODELS AND GUIDE IN CONDUCTING ACTION RESEARCH

 McNiff & Whitehead, 2006 (Adaptation)
Action Research Cycle The Action Research Process
OBSERVE Identify the problem.
1. Based on observation and noticing, what problematic situations prevail in
the classroom or teaching learning environment?
2. Which of these problems shall I focus on?
3. What does literature say about this problem? On what theories or
principles learned before is the problem anchored?
REFLECT Reflect (Reflection continues all through out the process)
1. What do I hope to achieve? What do I intend to change for the better?
2. Is doing this action research important to improve my practice?
3. Can I do this alone? Or should I collaborate?
PLAN Plan an action research strategy
1. What type of research will I use? Quantitative? Qualitative?
2. How will I discuss my innovation? Intervention? Strategy?
3. Is my plan doable within the given period of time?
ACT Take action
1. How do I put my plan into action? How long?
2. How will I gather data or information?
3. What sense or meaning do I get out of the data?
EVALUATE Use findings
1. Where do I apply the results to improve practice?
2. Are my findings worth sharing?
MODIFY Move to another cycle
1. Is there a need to modify intervention to get new results?
2. Should I move to another cycle of action research?
 Nelson, O 2014 Model
OBSERVE Identify the problem.
1. Based on observation and noticing, what problematic situations prevail in
the classroom or teaching learning environment?
2. Which of these problems shall I focus on?
3. What does literature say about this problem? On what theories or
principles learned before is the problem anchored?
REFLECT Reflect (Reflection continues all through out the process)
1. What do I hope to achieve? What do I intend to change for the better?
2. Is doing this action research important to improve my practice?
3. Can I do this alone? Or should I collaborate?
PLAN Plan an action research strategy
1. What type of research will I use? Quantitative? Qualitative?
2. How will I discuss my innovation? Intervention? Strategy?
3. Is my plan doable within the given period of time?

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 3
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM
ACT Take action
1. How do I put my plan into action? How long?
2. How will I gather data or information?
3. What sense or meaning do I get out of the data?
 Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model
Action Research Key Action Research Processes
Components
I. CONTEXT AND Identify the problem
RATIONALE a. Why I am doing this?
II. ACTION b. What is the background of my action research?
RESEARCH c. What problem/question am I trying to solve?
QUESTIONS d. What do I hope to achieve?
III. PROPOSED Proposed Plan
INNOVATION, a. What do I plan to the solution to the problem I identified? (Describe)
INTERVENTION b. What innovation will I introduce to solve the problem? (Describe)
AND STRATEGY c. What strategy should I introduce? (Describe)
IV. ACTION Plan of action research
RESEARCH 1. Who are to participate? (my students, peers, myself)
METHODS 2. What are sources of my information? (partipants)
a. Participants and/or 3. How shall I gather information?
other sources of data 4. How will I analyze my data/information?
and information
b. Data gathering methods
c. Data analysis plan
V. ACTION Action Research Work Plan
RESEARCH 1. What should my work plan contain? (targets, activities, person involved,
WORK PLAN AND timeline, cost)
TIMELINES 2. How long will I conduct my intervention guide? (For reliable results 8-12
weeks)
VI. COST ESTIMATES Action Research Cost-(Consider also the maximum cost if externally funded like
DepEd, LGUs, NGO or personal)
VII. PLANS FOR Sharing Results
DISSEMINATION 1. How will I share the result of my action research? (Publish, present,
AND UTILIZATION flyers,LAC Sessions)
2. Can I collaborate with other teachers to continue or replicate my study?
VIII. REFERENCES References
1. What reading materials and references are included in my review of
literature?

TARGET Your Intended Learning Outcome

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 4
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM
At the end of this Learning Episode, the FS students must be able to:
1. Use concepts and processes of action research; and
2. Identify sample models of AR such as of DepEd, 2017; McNiff and Whitehead, 2006;
and Nelson, 2014.

REVISIT the INFOGRAPHICS

Action research is a dynamic process anchored on reflection Action Cycle of Observing,

Reflecting, Acting, Evaluating and Modifying

Action research is cyclical, recursive process of observe>> reflect>> act>> evaluate>>

modify>> move in new direction is known as action-reflection (McNiff and Whitehead, 2006).
In 2011, McNiff defined action research as a form of inquery that enables practitioners to
investigate and evaluate their work. Before that, Corey in 1953 viewed action research as a
recursive or repeated process, proceeding through spiraling cycle of planning, actions,
reflections and change.

In a similar vein, Nelson, 2014 proposed an action research cycle that starts with
Observe followed by reflect, plan and act which can also go through evaluation and
modification. It also follows a cyclical process.

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 5
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM

PARTICIPATE AND ASSIST, NOTICE, ANALYZE,

REFLECT

PARTICIPATE AND ASSIST

You are now ready to participate and assist!

Understanding fully the concept and the process of action research will enable
you to learn and provide the needed assistance to your teacher mentor in doing action
research.

NOTICE

What concepts have been emphasized in the tasks and infographics? Give at least 4.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

ANALYZE

Choose the AR sample abstract that you submitted in episode 2. Analyze the
components regarding only one model out of the 3 presented.

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 6
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM

If you choose to compare with Model A-McNiff & Whitehead, 2006, here are the components
Title and the author/s of the action research:
Key Components Entry from your sample AR
OBSERVE The Problem

REFLECT Reflection

PLAN Plan of Action

ACT Implementation

EVALUATE Findings

MODIFY Recommendation

If you choose to compare with Model B-Nelson, O., 2014, here are the components
Title and the author/s of the action research:
Key Components Entry from your sample AR
OBSERVE The Problem

REFLECT Reflection

PLAN Plan of Action

ACT Implementation

If you choose the DepEd Model, 2017, here are the components
Title and the author/s of the action research:
Key Components Entry from your sample AR
I. Context and Rationale Study Background

II. Action Research AR Questions

Questions
III. Proposed Innovation, Describe Innovation, Intervention, Strategy
Intervention, Strategy
IV. Action Research Describe action research methods
Methods

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 7
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM
a. Participants/Other sources
of data
b. Data gathering methods
c. Data analysis plan
V. Action Research Summarize Action Research Workplan
Workplan
VI. Cost Estimate Write cost estimate

VII. Plan for Dissemination Describe how the results will be shared
and Utilization
VIII. References Write at least 3 references

What have you understood about the concept of action research and how will this be
utilized in your practice?

REFLECT

As a future teacher, is conducting action research worth doing?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
How can AR be useful for every classroom teacher?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Write action Research Prompts

OBSERVE

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 8
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM
Remembering my classroom observations in FS 1, I noticed that there are many
questions that I raised in my mind. These include:
a. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

REFLECT

Thinking deeply about those problems, perhaps something must have been done to
solve the problem or answer the question like:
a. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

PLAN

Now that I am in FS 2, I plan to make for my solution to problem (choose from a, b, c)

because _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ACT

My action will come later, given enough time in FS 2 or during my Teaching Internship.

WORK ON MY LEARNING ARTIFACTS

Your artifact will be a full-blown completed action research.

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 9
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM

EVALUATE Performance Task

Evaluate Your Work Task Field Study 2, Episode 3: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes, and Models
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this Learning Episode, the FS students must be able to:
1. Use concepts and processes of action research; and
2. Identify sample models of AR such as of DepEd, 2017; McNiff and Whitehead, 2006; and Nelson, 2014.
Name of FS Student: ____________________________ Date Submitted:
_________________Year&Section:__________________
Course:__________________________________________________________________________________________________

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 10
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

FS2
UNDERSTANDING AR CONCEPTS, PROCESSES
AND MODELS
Learning Episode 3

FIELD STUDY
THE K TO 12 GRADING SYSTEM

NEEDS
EXCELLENT VERY SATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY
LEARNING EPISODES IMPROVEMENT
4 3 2
1

All participation
ACCOMPLISHED One (1) or two (2) participation Three (3) participation Four (4) or more participation
activities/questions completely
PARTICIPATION activities/questions completely activities/questions completely activities/questions completely
answered/accomplished.
ACTIVITIES answered/accomplished. answered/accomplished. answered/accomplished.

All questions were answered

All questions were answered Questions were not answered Four (4) or more observations
completely; answers are in
completely; answers are completely; answers are not were not answered; answers not
depth and are thoroughly
ANALYSIS clearly connected to theories; connected to theories; more than
grounded on theories; clearly connected to theories;
grammar and spelling are free four (4) grammatical/spelling
grammar and spelling are free one (1) to three (3)
from errors. errors.
from error. grammatical spelling errors.

Profound and clear; Clear but lacks depth; Unclear and shallow; rarely
Not so clear and shallow;
REFLECTIONS supported/tasks by what were supported by what were supported by what were observed
somewhat supported by what
observed and analyzed observed and analyzed and analyzed
were observed and analyzed

Portfolio is reflected on the Portfolio is reflected on the Portfolio is not reflected on in

Portfolio is not reflected on in the
context of the learning context of the learning the context of the learning
context of the learning outcomes;
LEARNING ARTIFACTS outcomes; complete, well- outcomes. Complete; well- outcomes. Complete; not
not complete; not organized, not
organized, highly relevant to organized, very relevant to the organized, relevant to the
relevant
the learning outcome learning outcome learning outcome

Submitted a day after the Submitted two (2) days or more

SUBMISSION Submitted before the deadline Submitted on deadline
deadline after the deadline

Comment/s
SCORE 20 19-18 17 16 15 14 13-12 11 10 9-8 Below
GRADE 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.5 5.00
99 96 93 90 87 84 81 78 75 72 71-Below

__________________________________________________ _____________________________
Signature of FS Teacher above Printed Name Date

Reference:

Lucas, Maria Rita D., Borabo, Milagros L., Bilbao, Purta D., and Corpuz,
Brenda B., (2021). Field Study 2: Participation and Teaching Assistantship (OBE
and PPST Based). Lorimar Publishing Inc., Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila.

FIELD STUDY 2 – Participation and Teaching Assistantship: Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models| 11