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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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27 views4 pages

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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shalomfadile944
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Content objective: By the end of the lesson, learners should be able


to

1. Define photosynthesis

2. List and explain the stage of photosynthesis

3. Describe the process of photosynthesis

4. List and explain the conditions necessary for photosynthesis to take place

5. State the benefits of photosynthesis

6. Conduct and experiment to test that water is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants manufacture their


food using carbondioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.

PRODUCT OR EVIDENCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS


The first product of photosynthesis is “simple sugar “which is partly
used by plants and excess is converted to starch and transported
through the phloem vessels for storage.
Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction i.e. heat is absorbed. Plants
absorb heat energy from sunlight to convert carbon iv oxide and water
to glucose and oxygen.

EQUATION TO REPRESENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS


sunlight
6CO2 + 6H2O------------------- C6H12O6 + 6O2
chlorophyll

Photosynthesis is a complex biochemical process that takes place in green plants, algae,
and some bacteria. it's the conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy
stored in the form of glucose and other organic molecules. This energy conversion is crucial
for the growth, development, and survival of plants and the organisms that depend on them.

Stages of Photosynthesis:

Photosynthesis involves two main stages: The Light stage or light-dependent reactions and
the dark stage or light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).

a. LIGHT STAGE OR LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION: - Occurs in the presence of


sunlight, where pigments like chlorophyll capture sunlight. This captured energy is
used to split water molecules into hydrogen ion(H+) and hydroxyl ion (OH-). The
splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and hydroxyl ion is known as
“PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER”. A co-enzyme NADP is reduced to NADPH and ATP is
formed.

b. DARK STAGE OR LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION: - Occurs in the absence of


light or during the day but does not utilize light directly. Here, plants use
carbondioxide with ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (From light
stage) to produce glucose. Sugar molecules are formed from carbondioxide and
water molecules.

Process of Photosynthesis:

Photosynthesis can be broken down into three key process

a. Capture of Light Energy: This stage involves the absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll and
other pigments, leading to the creation of energy-rich molecules.

b. Conversion of Light Energy to Chemical Energy: During the light-dependent reactions,


the captured light energy is converted into ATP and NADPH, which are then used in the
Calvin cycle.
c. Carbon Fixation and Organic Compound Formation: The Calvin cycle assimilates carbon
dioxide and converts it into glucose and other sugars through a series of enzyme-driven
reactions.

Conditions Necessary for Photosynthesis to Occur:

Photosynthesis relies on specific conditions:

a. Sunlight: Adequate sunlight is essential for the process to begin as it provides the energy
needed for the reactions.

b. Chlorophyll: Pigments like chlorophyll are necessary for capturing light energy.

c. Carbon Dioxide: Plants require a source of carbon dioxide for the Calvin cycle to proceed.

d. Water: Water molecules provide electrons during the light-dependent reactions, releasing
oxygen as a byproduct.

optimum temperature: Enables the enzymes to function properly during photosynthesis.

Importance of Photosynthesis:

Photosynthesis is of paramount importance to life on Earth:

a. Oxygen Production: It's responsible for generating the oxygen we breathe, making it a
cornerstone of the Earth's atmosphere.

b. Energy Source: Photosynthesis is the primary source of energy for plants, which are the
base of most food chains.

c. Carbon Cycle: It regulates the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, contributing to
climate stability.

d. Biomass Production: It supports the growth of crops and trees, providing food, fuel, and
raw materials for countless industries.

EXPERIMENT TO TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF STARCH IN LEAF

AIM: -To test for the presence of starch in the leaf.

MATERIALS REQUIRED: -Fresh green leaves, beakers, burners, boiling tubes, dropping
tubes, white tiles and iodine solution.

METHOD:-Detach leaf already exposed to sunlight for six hours to enable it to form starch.
Then boil the leaf in water for 4-6 minutes to kill the cells, inactivate the enzymes and burst
the starch grains. Dip leaf in a test-tube containing 70% alcohol to decolorize the leaf. The
decolorized leaf is dipped into a beaker of hot water to soften it. Then place leaf on a white
tile and add few drops of iodine solution.

The leaf kept in the dark cupboard is also tested for starch.

OBSERVATION: -Leaf plucked from potted plant outside turned blue-black with iodine
solution, while the other leaf (controlled experiment) remained colorless.

CONCLUSION: -The leaf that turned blue-black with iodine solution, indicate the presence
of starch or that photosynthesis has taken place.

ASSIGNMENT

Write an experiment each to: -

1.Show that carbon iv oxide is necessary for photosynthesis

2.Show that oxygen is given out as a by-product during photosynthesis.

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