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NLP 10

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4 views3 pages

NLP 10

Uploaded by

tahamurade01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment 10

Name of the Student: - Taha Murade


Roll No. 74
Date of Practical Performed: - 26/09/2024 Staff Signature with Date & Marks

Aim: Exploratory data analysis of a given text (word cloud)

Theory:

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) of Text Data

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is a crucial step in understanding the characteristics of your data
before diving into more complex analyses or modeling. In the context of text data, EDA helps
identify patterns, trends, and anomalies. One popular visual tool for EDA in text data is the Word
Cloud.

Word Cloud Theory

A Word Cloud (or Tag Cloud) is a visual representation of text data that highlights the most
frequently occurring words within a dataset. The size of each word in the cloud correlates with its
frequency or importance; larger words indicate higher frequency, while smaller words suggest
lesser frequency. This tool is widely used in exploratory data analysis (EDA) to quickly convey
key themes and topics in textual information.

Steps for Creating a Word Cloud

1. Text Preprocessing: Clean the text data by removing punctuation, stop words, and applying
lowercasing.
2. Tokenization: Split the text into individual words or tokens.
3. Frequency Calculation: Count the occurrences of each word.
4. Visualization: Use libraries to generate a visual representation of word frequencies.

Advantages

● Immediate Insight: Provides a quick overview of the text's focus areas, enabling immediate
understanding without deep analysis.
● Visual Appeal: The colorful and visually engaging format attracts attention, making it
effective for presentations.
● Customization: Users can customize word clouds in various ways, including shapes,
colors, and layouts, to fit specific needs or themes.

Limitations

● Context Ignorance: Word clouds do not consider the context in which words appear. Words
with different meanings can be misrepresented.
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● Oversimplification: Important nuances and relationships between words may be lost in a
simplistic visual representation.
● Potential for Misinterpretation: Without understanding the underlying data and
preprocessing steps, viewers may misinterpret the significance of word sizes.

Summary
Word clouds are a powerful tool in text analysis, providing a visually intuitive way to understand
and summarize textual data. While they have limitations, when used appropriately, they can greatly
enhance exploratory data analysis and communication of insights derived from text.

Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from wordcloud import WordCloud
import numpy as np

def generate_word_cloud(text):
# Create a word cloud object
wordcloud = WordCloud(width=800, height=400, background_color='white',
colormap='viridis').generate(text)

# Display the generated image


plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off') # No axes for word cloud
plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
# Example text; you can replace this with any text
text = """
Natural language processing (NLP) is a field of artificial
intelligence that focuses on the interaction between computers and humans
through natural language.
The ultimate objective of NLP is to enable computers to understand,
interpret, and generate human language in a valuable way.
"""

generate_word_cloud(text)

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Output:

Conclusion: -

Thus, we have learned and understood Exploratory Data Analysis with the help of word cloud.

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