Assignment 3

1857
1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford:

The Supreme Court denied citizenship to
Black people and this set the stage for their
treatment as second class citizens.
1865
1865: Black Codes:

These were the names given to a set of laws
created under the Andrew Jackson
administration that set limitations on what
freedpeople can do. These laws started legal
segregation in public schools, occupations and
constitutional rights.
1868
1868: 14th amendment to the Constitution is ratified:

Dred Scott v. Sandford is overruled and it guarantees
that all persons born or naturalized are citizens of the
United States and that no state shall abridge the
privileges and immunities of citizens, deprive any
person of life, liberty, or property without due process
of law, nor deny to any person the equal protection of
1875
1875: Civil Rights Act of 1875:

Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875
which prohibited discrimination in inns,
theatres, and other places of public
accommodation. This was the last Federal civil
rights act passed until 1957.
1887
1887: Jim Crow

The practices of comprehensive racial segregation
known as “Jim Crow” emerged and segregation
became entrenched. Florida was the first state to
enact a statute requiring segregation in public
places. Eight other states followed Florida’s lead.
1896
1896: Plessy v. Ferguson:

Homer Plessy challenged an 1890 Louisiana law that required
separate train cars for Black and White Americans. The Supreme
Court held that separate but equal facilities for Whites and Blacks did
not violate the 14th amendment. The Supreme Court established the
“separate but equal,” doctrine that created the constitutional basis
for segregation. Justice John Marshall Harlan, who was the sole
dissenter, remarked that forced segregation of the races stamped
Black people with a badge of inferiority. This line became crucial later
in the Brown v Board of Education case.
1909
1909: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Founded
W.E.B. DuBois, Ida Wells-Barnett and others founded the NAACP.
Their mission was to end lynching and fight racial and social
injustice primarily through legal actions. The NAACP became the
main tool for the legal fight on segregation, eventually trying the
Brown v. Board of Education.
1927
1927: Gong Lum v. Rice:
The Supreme Court held that a Mississippi
school district may require a Chinese-
American girl to attend a segregated Black
school rather than a white school. First time
the Court applied “separate but equal,” to
public schools.
1935
1935: The NAACP begins challenging segregation in graduate and secondary

schools:
Charles Hamilton Houston of the NAACP began his two-pronged approach to
win victory over segregation. First, establishing that having segregated
facilities for law students would be too costly for the state to maintain. Then,
white judges would concede that Black lawyers who went to segregated law
school did not receive “equal” legal training.
1948
1948: Sipuel v. Board of Regents of University of Oklahoma:

The Supreme Court held that Lois Ada Sipuel could not be denied
entrance to a state law school solely because of her race. The Court's
decision established that denial of entrance based on race is
unconstitutional.
1950
1950: Sweatt v. Painter:

The Supreme Court ruled that the University of Texas Law School must admit
a Black student, Herman Sweatt. The Universities Law School was far more
superior than the separate Black law school which had been hastily made in a
downtown basement. The Supreme Court held that Texas failed to provide
separate but equal education, which began to form the future opinion that
“separate but equal” is inherently unequal.
1950
1950: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents:

The Supreme Court invalidated the University of Oklahoma’s requirement
that a Black student sit in separate sections of or in spaces adjacent to
classrooms, cafeterias and libraries. The Supreme Court held that these
restrictions were unconstitutional because it interfered with his “ability to
study, to engage in discussions, and exchange views with other students, and,
in general, to learn his profession.”
Feb. 1951
Feb 1951: Brown v. Board of Education is

filed:
Feb 28, Brown v. Board of Education is filed

in federal district court in Kansas. This starts
the years-long battle to overturn Plessy v.
Ferguson.
June 1951
June 1951: Brown v. BoE went to trial:
In August, they ruled there was no willful,

intentional or substantial discrimination
existed in Topeka’s schools.
1952
October 1952: Bundling of Brown v. BoE:
The Court decided it would hear Delaware

cases as well. The significance of this
decision to hear all five cases would help
prove segregation was more than a southern
US issue but a national one.
1954
May 17th, 1954: Supreme Court rulings:

The Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and declared that
racial segregation in public schools violated the Equal
Protection clause of the 14th amendment. They ruled that
state-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation
of the 14th amendment and was unconstitutional. In the wake
of this ruling, the District of Columbia and other states began
to desegregate.
1954
May 31, 1954: Brown II decision:

On the last day of the term, the Supreme Court ordered
that desegregation occur with “all deliberate speed.”
Due to the vagueness of the term, states were able to
stall the Court’s order to desegregate their schools.

Assignment 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assignment 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assignment 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1857

1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford:

1865: Black Codes:

1868: 14th amendment to the Constitution is ratified:

1875: Civil Rights Act of 1875:

1887: Jim Crow

1896: Plessy v. Ferguson:

1909: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

1935: The NAACP begins challenging segregation in graduate and secondary

1948: Sipuel v. Board of Regents of University of Oklahoma:

1950: Sweatt v. Painter:

1950: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents:

Feb 1951: Brown v. Board of Education is

Feb 28, Brown v. Board of Education is filed

June 1951: Brown v. BoE went to trial:

In August, they ruled there was no willful,

October 1952: Bundling of Brown v. BoE:

The Court decided it would hear Delaware

May 17th, 1954: Supreme Court rulings:

May 31, 1954: Brown II decision:

You might also like