EXPERIMENT — Aim : To identify the functional group in the given organic compound. Apparatus Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus (blue), NaHCOs, conc. H:SO, NH,OH, FeCl. Physical Properties: State: Solid Colour: White Odour: Vinegar Like Flammability: Burn with non sooty flame (Aliphatic) Preliminary test : Swno. | Experiment Observation Inference 1 Litmus test : Litmus solution turns from | -COOH or - OH may be Organic compound + 2 drops of litmus solution. | blue to red. present 2 Organic compound + NaHCO, solution Colourless, odorless gas | -COOH group may be or — with brisk effervescence. _ | OH (phenol group present. Confirmatory test : ‘S.no. | Experiment Inference 1 [Ester test: O Organic compound + } sp CsH,OH + cone, H:SO, pete - ¢ ~ oH confirmed. 2 [FeCh Test: Organic | Red colour oO compound + dil FeCl | appear solution -c- on confirmed Chemical Reaction; NaHCOs Test : RCOOH + NaHCO; RCOONa+COs 7 + HO. Easter Test : RCOOH + R- OH —““» RCOOR' + HO (Fruity smell ester) FeCl, Test : RCOOH + NH,OH —> RCOONa RCOONa + H;0 —> Ammoniac salt (Soluble) RCOONH, + FeCl, —> (RCOO), Fe + 3NH,CI (RCOO,)Fe + HO —> Fe(OH) (R COO); + RCOOH, Basic ferric acetate, Result : ‘The functional group present in the given organic compound is carboxylic acid 0EXPERIMENT - Aim : To identify the functional group in the given organic compound. Apparatus Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper litmus (blue) solution, dil HCI, NaOH, Na metal, dil H)SO;, CHsCOOH. Physical Properties: State: Liquid Colour: Colourless Odour: Spirit Like Water Solubility: Soluble in Water Flammability: Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) Preliminary test : S.no. | Experiment Observation Inference 1 Organic compound + blue litmus solution. No change -COOH or = OH(Phenol) ‘group absent 2 ‘Organic compound + dil HCI + NaOH No ppt. or oily layer = NHp grp. Absent 3 Organic comp + Na metal gas evolved = OF (aleohol) Group may be Confirmatory test : S.no. | Experiment Observation | Inference 1 | Cerric ammonium nitrate | Red colour - OH group. Test confirmed Organic compound + certic ammonium nitrate 2 | Ester Te Fruity smell of | - OF erp. Organic compound + ester. confirmed CH,COOH + Cone. H,S0, (12 drops) + Heat Chemical reaction : L 2 Result Na Metal test : - 2ROH + 2Na~OH —>2RONa + H, T CERRIC AMMONIUM NITRATE TEST : 2ROH + (NH,),Ce(NO,), ——4 ROH), Ce(NO,), +2NH ,NO, (Red Colour) Easter Test ROH + R' COOH —"\> R COOR + H,0 Alcohol acid ester ‘The functional group present in organic compound is alcohol group (-OH).EXPERIMENT - Aim : To identify the functional group in the given organic compound. Apparatus Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper litmus (blue) NaHCOs, FeCl; Solution, Phthalic anhydride, Con, H:SO,, NaOH. Physical Properties: State: Solid Colour: White Odour: Phenolic Smell Water Solubili Water insoluble Flammal Burn with non-sooty flame (Aromatic) Preliminary test : S.no. | Experiment Observation Inference 1 Organic compound + blue | Blue litmus turn | -COOH or litmus solution. Red phenolic ~ (OH) may be 2 NaHCO; test No effervescence ~ COOH absent Organic compound + NaHCO; solution. Confirmatory test : S.no. | Experiment ‘Observation | Inference 1 FeCl; Test Green blue or | Phenolic (- OH) Organic compound + FeCl, | violet group. confirmed colouration 2 | Phihalie test: Intense green | Phenol ( OH) grp. Organic compound + biue or red Confirmed pthalic acid + 2-3 drops | colouration H,SO, + A .then cool and dil. NaOH. Chemical Reaction : Confirmative test: FeCl test 3C,HOH + FeCl, —> Fe(OC,H,), + 3HCI (Ferric peroxide : 9 on ° CO CO Om COS IO CG) ©) ewe (Red Colour) (Violet) Result : The given organiEXPERIMENT - 20 Aim : To identify the functional group in present in the given organic compound. Apparatus Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus solution, 2.4 DNP, dil HCl, NaOH, reagent, Febling solution, Schiff reagent Physical Properties: State: iqui Colour: Colourless Odour: Pungent Water Solubility: Soluble in Water Flammability: Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) Preliminary test : S.no. | Experiment Observation Inference 1 ‘Organic compound + blue | No change -COOH of litmus solution, phenolic group absent 2 | Organic compound + No ppt or oily ~ NH: gup. NaOH dil HCl layer Absent 3 | Organic comp +2mi of 2, | Orange —red ppt. - CHO or ketonic 4.DNP shake & allow it to ~ group present. stand. Confirmatory test : S.no. | Experiment (Observation Inference 1 Schiff's solution test = Pink colour -CHO group present Organic compound + 2 mil of Schiff’s reagent. _ | Obtained 2 Fehling’s solution test : Organic compound + | Red ppt. = CHO xp present. Fehling’s solution (A + B) + boil in a water bath Chemical reaction : 1- Preliminary test : (i) 2,4 DNP test NH-NH, R-cHO+ O (2,4. ONP) (aldchyde ~ 2, 4 dil nitro phenyl hydrazone) (Orange ~ red ppt) b) Confirmatory Test : (i) Fehling’s test : - Cu(OH), A CHO + HO R-CHO+ 2Cu0—>+Cu,0 + R-COOH (Red ppt) R-CHO+ 2Cu* + SOH —+ RCOO” + Cu,0+3H,0 Result : Given organic compound contains aldehydic grp. (- CHO)Aim EXPERIMENT - ‘To identify the functional group in present in the given organic compound. Apparatus Required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, dropper, litmus solution, 2.4 DNP, dil HCl, NaOH, sodium, nitro pruside, meta dinitro benzene Physical Properties: State: Liquid Colour: Colourless Odour: Nail paint remover like Water Solubility: Water soluble Flammability: Burn with non-sooty flame (Aliphatic) Preliminary test : S.no. Experiment Observation Inference 1 ‘Organic compound + blue litmus | No change -COOH or solution. Phenolic group absent 2 | Organic compound + NaOH dil | No ppt or oily ~ NH; gup. HCL layer Absent 3 | Organic comp + 2 mil of 2, 4 DNP | Orange —red ppt. | - CHO or ketonic shake & allow it to stand. - group present. Confirmatory test S.no. Experiment Observation Inference H Organic compound + sodium nitro prusside +2 | Red colour or wine | -CHO group present =3 drops of NaOH and shake. red colour 2 Organic compound + Meta dinitrobenzene + | Violet colour which _| Ketonic grp confirmed. NaOH fades on standing. Chemical reaction : 1 Preliminary tes i () 2,4 DNPtest: NH.—NH, NH,-N = C R R \ NO, NO, c=04 > H.0+ / R NofKetone 2, 4 dinitropheny hyplgzone) b- Confirmatory test : (i Sodium Nitroprousside Test : o l CH,- C ~CH,+OH —+CH,COCHS? +H,0 o o ‘ I I [Feccn),NOF +c, C = Ct | Fe(CN),NO CH,- C - CH, Result : Given orgai ¢ compound contains Ketonie group (>C = 0)EXPERIMENT - ‘Aim : To study carbohydrates in preform of detet its presence in foot. Appeartus required: Test tube, test ube stan, test tube holder, burner. ‘Theory : Carbohydrates are Polyhydroxy aldehydes o polyhydroxy Ketones thir derivatives andthe substance which yield them on hydrolysis carbohydrates are classified a sugars and non sugars. Sugars like glucose, rutose and cane sugar are crystalline. Among Sugars, glucose, fuctose and lactose ar reducing while sucrose son reducing sugar Test Experiment ‘Observation Tferenee T | Gone: 180, test: ‘Charing with | Carboidrates present Sample + ‘ume sugar (Cone. H,S0,4+ Heat sll 2 | Molise test: ‘Reich purple | Carbohiatx present Ag. Soltion of sample + 2 | rng in formed ‘drops of 1% c naphthol {atthe junction “cou. HS. of2 layers Fehling solution test: ed ppt Reading ‘Sample solution + Tt of ‘Sugar persent fehling A +1 of Febling B | Tollens reagent: Silver minroris | Reducing sugar present ‘Ag. Solution af sample +2 | formed along rmlofTollenseagent+ A the surice of tex tbe, 3 | Benedits Solution test: | Red pre Reducing sug presen {Aq solution of sample + Benoit’ reagent Hew 6 | todine est: Viet cofour | Starch present Sample Solution + few drops ‘ot fine solution Result: Carbs is present EXPERIMENT — ‘Aim : To study ft in preform and to detect into presence in given fod simple Apparatus requlred! Test tue sand test ube holder, burner ee ‘Theory : Fats and ol ae estes of lng chain fat acids and glycerol and thus also calle plcerides. Fats contains saturated faty ace whi ol eontain unsaturated ty acids "Test: Sno. Experiment ‘Observation Tnference 1 [Spot est: Put small mount of | Translocent spot | Fat preset “aimpe ov a ier paper and pres [appears one er with anther ier paper. paper ‘Acrolen test. Inning sell Fats resent ‘Take afew drops of sample in a | appears due to the test tube. Add few drops of | formof acroein| Potassium bisuphie toitand | vapours. Heat 3 Sota est Sample does not ‘Take asl amount of sample in | dissolve in H.O bats Sextus, Add water alcool | soluble in acobol on and ehloroform in 1.2.3 est | heating and soluble | Fai present ube respectively in eNoroform, ‘Result : Fat is present. EXPERIMENT — ‘Alm: To study proteins from sample and detect their presence in fond spl. Apparatus required: Test the sand test he holder, gas ro, burner te, ‘Theory : Proteins ae high molecular mas, lng chain polymers composed of @ amino acd. Amino aids ae ‘motel that have both ‘NH. and -COOH group, Test: Sno. Experiment ‘Observation Inference T.] Biuret test: Sample » NaOH | Huish violet colour] Proteins present Dil CuSO, solution appears 2 | Xanthoproteintest= Yellow po roein is present Sample ew drops of ‘sone HINO, A 3 | Mion’ es: White ppt roeinis present Sample +2 drops of milions | which changes to reagents A brick red on boiling © | Nintyrin test Blue clout appear — | Protinis present Protein sample + Few dopsof| ninhydrin solution + Boi the ‘ones fr 1 minute Result : Protein is preset.