LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

INTRODUCTION
TO COMPUTER
LEC-1
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Computer:-

➢ A computer is device that ➢ एक कंप्यट ू र एक उपकरण है जो

accepts information and जानकारी को स्वीकार करता है
manipulates it for some result और डेटा को कैसे संसाधित
based on a program or ककया जाना है, इस पर एक
sequence of instructions on how प्रोग्राम या ननर्दे शों के अनक्र
ु म के
the data is to be processed. आिार पर कुछ पररणामों के
लिए हेरफेर करता है।
➢ It can performs all type of
mathematical and logical ➢ यह सभी प्रकार के गणणतीय और
operations. ताककिक संचािन कर सकता है।
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Characteristics of Computer:-

1. Speed / गनत

➢ Speed of computer Processor :-

➢ Speed of Computer measures in :-

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Characteristics of Computer:-

2. Accuracy / त्रटु ट रटहत कायि

3. Storage Capacity / भंडारण क्षमता

4. Reliability / ववश्वसनीयता
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Characteristics of Computer:-
5. Versatility / वववविता

6. Diligence / Agility / िगन/ स्फूनति

7. Fast Retrieval / भंडाररत सच

ू ना को तीव्र गनत से प्राप्त करना
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
(Functioning of a Computer System)
(कम्पप्यट
ू र लसस्टम की कायिप्रणािी)
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Applications of Computer:-

1. Education 6. Banking
2. Medicine 7. Weather Forecasting
3. Business 8. Entertainment
4. Science and Technology 9. Defence
5. Communication 10. Research
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
About History of computer:-

1. Abacus is calculating device, developed by Chinese.

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Some facts about History of computer:-

2. NAPIER’S BONS-
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

3. First Mechanical Calculator – Pascaline (1642)

Invented By-
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

3. Difference Engine (1822)

Developed By:-
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

4. Analytical Engine (1842)

Developed by :-
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

5. First fully electronic computer:-

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

The ENIAC was invented

by -
J. Presper Eckert
and
John Mauchly.
(1946)
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

6. EDVAC :- (Electronic Discrete Variable Automation Computer)

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
7. UNIVAC
➢ Universal Automatic computer
➢ First computer used as commercial
purposes.
➢ It was designed principally by J.
Presper Eckert and John Mauchly,
the inventors of the ENIAC.
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Generations
of computer
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Generations of Computer

First Generation

Time – 1942 – 1955

Hardware – Vaccum Tubes

Memory – Magnetic Drums

Language - Machine Language

Examples- ENIAC,EDSAC,EDVAC,UNIVAC
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Generations of Computer

Second Generation

Time – 1956-1964
Hardware – Transistors

Memory - Magnetic Tapes/Cores

Language - Assembly Language, High level
Language like FORTRAN, COBOL
Examples- IBM 700/IBM 7030
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Generations of Computer

THIRD Generation

Time – 1965-1975

Hardware – Integrated Chips

Memory – RAM and Disks

Language - C , C++ , Java ,SQL

Examples- CRAY-1 , IBM 360 etc
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Generations of Computer

Fourth Generation

Time – 1976-1989

Hardware – LSI & VLSI

Memory – All primary , secondary storage devices

Language - SQL , ORACLE

Examples- All pcs and Desktops etc
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Generations of Computer

Fifth Generation

Time – 1990 – till date

Hardware – ULSI

Chief
Development - Artificial intelligence , Robotics and
Nano science
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Classification of computers:
1. Based on the use of Hardware

2. Based on Methodolgy

3. Based on Size and Work performance

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

1. Based on the use of Hard ware-

I. First Generation
II. Second Generation
III. Third Generation
IV. Fourth Generation
V. Fifth Generation
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

2. Based on Methodology

I. Analog computer
II. Digital Computer
III. Hybrid Computers
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

3. Based on the Size and work performance

I. Mainframe Computers
II. Mini Computers
III. Micro Computers
IV. Super Computers
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Analog Computers:-

➢ Analog Machine was ➢ एनािॉग मशीन िॉडि केल्ववन

introduced by Lord Kelvin. द्वारा पेश की गई थी।

➢ In Analog computers ➢ एनािॉग कंप्यट

ू र में
numerical data are संख्यात्मक डेटा को मापने
represented by measurable योग्य भौनतक चर, जैसे ववद्यत
ु
physical variables, such as वोवटे ज, र्दबाव, तापमान आटर्द
electrical voltage, pressure, द्वारा र्दशािया जाता है।
temperature etc.
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Digital Computers:-

➢ Digital computers process ➢ डडल्जटि कंप्यटू र सचू ना को

information which is संसाधित करते हैं जो अननवायि
essentially in a binary or रूप से एक बाइनरी या र्दो
two state form, namely zero अवस्था रूप में होती है, अथाित ्
and one. शन्
ू य और एक।
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Hybrid Computers:-
➢ The feature of analog and ➢ हाइब्रिड कंप्यट
ू र बनाने के लिए
digital machines are एनािॉग और डडल्जटि मशीनों
combined to create a की सुवविा को जोडा जाता है।
hybrid computers.
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Digital computers are further classified in to :-

➢ Micro Computers

➢ Mini Computers

➢ Mainframes Computers

➢ Super Computers
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Micro Computers:-
➢ Microcomputer is also known as a ➢ माइक्रो कंप्यूटर को पसिनि कंप्यट ू र भी कहा
personal computer. जाता है ।
➢ These are single user. ➢ ये लसंगि यूजर हैं।
➢ It is a general-purpose computer ➢ यह एक सामान्य-उद्र्दे श्य वािा कंप्यट ू र है
ल्जसे व्यल्ततगत उपयोग के लिए डडजाइन
that is designed for individual use.
ककया गया है ।
➢
➢
➢ It has a microprocessor as a central ➢ इसमें सेंट्रि प्रोसेलसंग यूननट, मेमोरी, स्टोरे ज
processing unit, memory, storage एररया, इनपट ु यनू नट और आउटपट ु यनू नट
area, input unit and output unit. के रूप में माइक्रोप्रोसेसर होता है ।

➢ Laptops and desktop computers are ➢ िैपटॉप और डेस्कटॉप कंप्यूटर माइक्रो

examples of microcomputers. कंप्यूटर के उर्दाहरण हैं।
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

1. Personal Computer
2. Work Station
3. Laptop or Notebook
4. Netbook
5. Tablet Computer
6. Palmtop
7. PDA
8. Smart phone
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Mini Computers:-
➢ Mini computers are powerful ➢ माइक्रो कंप्यूटर की तुिना में लमनी कंप्यूटर
computer as compare to micro शल्ततशािी कंप्यूटर होते हैं।
computers. ➢ वे बहु उपयोगकताि कंप्यूटर हैं।
➢ They are multiuser computers.
➢ इसमें उच्च मेमोरी है , माइक्रो कंप्यट
ू र की
➢ It has higher memory, provide faster
तुिना में तेज ऑपरे टटंग गनत और बडी
operating speeds and larger storage भंडारण क्षमता प्रर्दान करता है और सविर के
capacities than microcomputer and रूप में उपयोग ककया जाता है ।
used as server.
➢ Used in – ➢ प्रयोग-
• Process Control – Factories • प्रकक्रया ननयंत्रण - कारखाने
• Data management – Hospitals • डेटा प्रबंिन - अस्पताि
• Communication Portals • संचार पोटि ि
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Main frame Computers:-
➢ A mainframes computer is different ➢ एक मेनफ्रेम कंप्यूटर माइक्रो और लमनी से
from micro and mini. अिग होता है ।

➢ It has very high memory and ➢ इसमें बहु त अधिक मेमोरी और प्रोसेलसंग
स्पीड है और सविर के रूप में उपयोग ककया
processing speed and used as server
जाता है (हजारों उपयोगकतािओं का समथिन
(can support thousands of users). कर सकता है )।

➢ A mainframe is a high a performance ➢ मेनफ्रेम एक उच्च प्रर्दशिन वािा कंप्यूटर है

computer used for large-scale ल्जसका उपयोग बडे पैमाने पर कंप्यटू टंग
computing purposes. उद्र्दे श्यों के लिए ककया जाता है ।

➢ Use – Railway reservations ➢ उपयोग - रे िवे आरक्षण

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Super Computers:-
➢ Super computer is a different ➢ सुपर कंप्यूटर एक अिग प्रकार का
type of computer and can be कंप्यूटर है और इसका उपयोग जटटि
used for complex type of प्रकार के अनुप्रयोगों के लिए ककया जा
सकता है ।
application.
➢ जैसे: वैज्ञाननक अनुसंिान, मौसम की
➢ e.g: scientific research, भववष्यवाणी, हधथयार डडजाइननंग आटर्द।
weather forecasting, weapon
designing etc.
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Some facts IMPORTANT FACTS:-

➢ India's first super computer-

➢ The first supercomputer was developed by -

➢ LATEST , the fastest supercomputer in India is the AI

supercomputer -
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
Some facts IMPORTANT FACTS:-

➢ Computer Literacy Day -

➢ First computer programme was developed by –

➢ SPEED OF SUPER COMPUTER MEASURES IN –

➢ FATHER OF SUPER COMPUTER-

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Some Languages:-
➢ FORTRAN

➢ COBOL

➢ ALGOL

➢ SQL
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Some Languages:-

➢ XML

➢ HTML

➢ C

➢ JAVA
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Some Languages:-

➢ C++ - Bjarne Stroustrup

➢ PHP – Rasmus Lerdorf

➢ PYTHON – Guido Van Rassum

LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

Important
Questions
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
1. Which among the following generations of computer used the
technology of transistors for the first time?
कंप्यट ू र की ननम्पनलिणखत पीट़ियों में से ककस पी़िी ने पहिी बार
ट्रांल्जस्टर की तकनीक का उपयोग ककया था?
A. Third
B. Second
C. First
D. Fourth
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
2. ASCII का पणू ि रूप तया है ?
Full form of ASCII ?

1. American Standard Code for Information Interchange

(अमेररकन स्टैं डडि कोड फॉर इं फमेशन इंटरचें ज)

2. American Standard Code for Instruction Interchange

( अमेररकन स्टैं डडि कोड फॉर इं स्ट्रतशन इंटरचें ज)

3. American Standard Code for Interchange Information

(अमेररकन स्टैं डडि कोड फॉर इं टरचें ज इंफमेशन)

4. American Standard Case for Interchange Information

(अमेररकन स्टैं डडि केस फॉर इं टरचें ज इंफमेशन)
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
3. ननम्पनलिणखत में से कौन सी कंप्यूटर लसस्टम की मान्य ववशेषताएं नहीं हैं ?

Which of the following is not a valid characteristic of a computer system?

1. बौद्धिक स्तर (IQ)

2. जवाबर्देही (Accountability)
3. बहुपयोधगता ( Versatility)
4. कमिठता ( Diligence)

A. 2 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 3 and 4
D. 1 and 2
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
4. Which among the following type of computer is also known as
notebook?
ननम्पनलिणखत में से ककस प्रकार के कंप्यट
ू र को नोटबक
ु के नाम से भी
जाना जाता है?

A. Micro Computer
B. Multi Core
C. Work Station
D. Laptop Computer
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
5. Which
world?
was the first programmable general purpose computer in the

ववश्व का पहिा प्रोग्रामयोग्य सामान्य प्रयोजन कम्पप्यूटर कौन सा था?

A. ENIAC
B. Napier's bones
C. Pascaline
D. Mark I
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
6. Who created Analytical Engine, one of the early computing devices?
प्रारं लभक कंप्यटू टंग उपकरणों में से एक, एनालिटटकि इंजन का ननमािण
ककसने ककया?

A. John Napier
B. Herman Hollerith
C. Blaise Pascal
D. Charles Babbage
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
7. 'Computer is a dumb machine and it cannot do any work without
instruction from the user'- this statement refers to which of the
following computer characteristics?
'कम्पप्यट
ू र एक गंग
ू ा मशीन है और यह उपयोगकताि के ननर्दे श के ब्रबना
कोई कायि नहीं कर सकता' - यह कथन ननम्पनलिणखत में से कम्पप्यूटर की
ककस ववशेषता को संर्दलभित करता है?
A. No IQ A. कोई IQ नहीं
B. Diligence B. पररश्रम नहीं
C. No feeling C. कोई भावना नहीं
D. Versatility D. बहुमुखी प्रनतभा
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
8. COBOL,FORTRAN, और C सभी _______ प्रोग्रा-लमंग िैंग्वेज है।

COBOL, FORTRAN, and C are all _______ programming languages.

A. Procedure-oriented A. प्रकक्रया-उन्मख
ु
B. Font oriented B. फॉन्ट उन्मुख
C. Object oriented C. ऑब्जेतट उन्मुख
D. Visual Basic D. ववजअ ु ि बेलसक
E. None of these E. इनमें से कोई नहीं
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
9. 'Java'
गयी थी।
एक प्रोग्रालमंग िैंग्वेज है जो ________ के द्वारा ववकलसत की

'Java' is a programming language which was developed by ________.

A. James Gosling
B. Jory Hamington
C. Jack Simplot
D. John Nauchly
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
10. कम्पप्यटू र ननम्पनलिणखत में से कौन सा कायि नहीं करता है.
Which of the following functions is not performed by a computer?

A. इनपटु टंग A. Inputting

B. कंट्रोलिंग B. Controlling
C. प्रोसेलसंग C. Processing
D. आउटपटु टंग D. Outputting
E. अंडर स्टैं डडग
ं E. Understanding
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
11. Data
डाटा प्रोसेलसंग का अथि है-
processing means-

A. डाटा का भण्डारण
B. डाटा का संग्रहण
C. उपयोग के लिए सूचना प्राप्त करना
D. सूचना का ववश्िेषण

A. Warehousing data
B. Storing data
C. Getting information for use
D. Analysis of information
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir
12. Present
वतिमान पी़िी के कम्पप्यट
ू र में प्रयोग होते हैं
generation computers use

A. SSIC
B. MSIC
C. VLSIC
D. ULSIC
LEC-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER (PC - BATCH) BY: Aman Sir

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