Rhetorical Forms - Meeting 10

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Rhetorical forms of

w r it t e n d isco u r se

Me e t ing 10
What is
r h e t o r ica l f o r m s?
• Rhe t o r ica l fo r m is a fo r m o f d isco ur se t ha t e m p lo ys a
p a r t icula r t yp e o f se nt e nce st r uct ur e , so und , o r p a t t e r n o f
m e a ning in o r d e r t o e vo ke a p a r t icula r r e a ct io n fr o m a n
a ud ie nce .
• It is int e nd e d t o se e m im p o r t a nt o r influe nce p e o p le
• Rhe t o r ica l fo r m a p p e a ls t o p e o p le ’s e m o t io ns a nd lo g ic t o
m o t iva t e o r info r m
A rhetorical form

• A rhe t o rica l fo rm is a t yp e o f writ ing o r sp e e ch t ha t


use s va rio us t e chniq ue s t o p e rsua d e o r influe nce t he
a ud ie nce .
• The re a re m a ny d iffe re nt rhe t o rica l fo rm s, such a s
a rg um e nt , na rra t io n, d e scrip t io n, e xp o sit io n, a nd
p e rsua sio n.
Some examples of rhetorical forms

Ar g u m e n t
N a r r a t io n

De scr ip t io n
Exp o sit io n
Pe r sua sio n
Explanation
Arg um e nt : A rhe t o rica l fo rm t ha t use s lo g ic, e vid e nce ,

1. a nd re a so ning t o co nvince t he a ud ie nce o f a ce rt a in


p o int o f vie w. Fo r e xa m p le , a n e ssa y t ha t a rg ue s fo r
o r a g a inst a ce rt a in p o licy, id e a , o r a ct io n.

Na r r a t io n: A r he t o r ica l fo r m t ha t t e lls a st o r y o r r e la t e s
a n e ve nt . Fo r e xa m p le , a p e r so na l na r r a t ive t ha t

2. r e co unt s a m e m o r a b le e xp e r ie nce , a hist o r ica l na r r a t ive


t ha t d e scr ib e s a sig nifica nt e ve nt , o r a fict io na l na r r a t ive
t ha t cr e a t e s a p lo t a nd cha r a ct e r s.
De scr ip t io n: A r he t o r ica l fo r m t ha t use s se nso r y
d e t a ils, im a g e r y, a nd fig ur a t ive la ng ua g e t o

3. cr e a t e a vivid p ict ur e o f a p e r so n, p la ce , t hing ,


o r sit ua t io n. Fo r e xa m p le , a d e scr ip t ive e ssa y
t ha t p o r t r a ys a b e a ut iful sce ne r y, a cha r a ct e r
ske t ch t ha t r e ve a ls a p e r so n’s t r a it s, o r a
m e t a p ho r t ha t co m p a r e s t wo unlike t hing s.

.
Exp o sit io n: A r he t o r ica l fo r m t ha t
e xp la ins, info r m s, o r cla r ifie s a t o p ic.

4. Fo r e xa m p le , a n e xp o sit o r y e ssa y t ha t
d e fine s a co nce p t , a na lyze s a
p r o b le m , o r p r o vid e s inst r uct io ns.
5.
Pe r sua sio n: A r he t o r ica l fo r m t ha t a p p e a ls t o t he
e m o t io ns, va lue s, o r b e lie fs o f t he a ud ie nce t o influe nce
t he ir a ct io ns o r o p inio ns. Fo r e xa m p le , a p e r sua sive e ssa y
t ha t ur g e s t he a ud ie nce t o t a ke a ct io n o n a n issue , a
sp e e ch t ha t m o t iva t e s t he a ud ie nce t o a chie ve a g o a l, o r
a n a d ve r t ise m e nt t ha t p r o m o t e s a p r o d uct o r se r vice .
True Friends
Once up o n a t im e , t he r e we r e t wo clo se fr ie nd s who we r e wa lking t hr o ug h t he
fo r e st t o g e t he r . The y kne w t ha t a nyt hing d a ng e r o us ca n ha p p e n a ny t im e in t he
fo r e st . So t he y p r o m ise d e a ch o t he r t ha t t he y wo uld a lwa ys b e t o g e t he r in a ny
ca se o f d a ng e r .
Sud d e nly, t he y sa w a la r g e b e a r g e t t ing clo se r t o wa r d t he m . One o f t he m clim b e d
a ne a r b y t r e e a t o nce . But unfo r t una t e ly t he o t he r o ne d id no t kno w ho w t o clim b
up t he t r e e . So b e ing le d b y his co m m o n se nse , he la y d o wn o n t he g r o und
b r e a t hle ss a nd p r e t e nd e d t o b e a d e a d m a n.
The b e a r ca m e ne a r t he o ne who wa s lying o n t he g r o und . It sm e lt in his e a r s, a nd
slo wly le ft t he p la ce b e ca use t he b e a r s d o no t wa nt t o t o uch t he d e a d cr e a t ur e s.
Aft e r t ha t , t he fr ie nd o n t he t r e e ca m e d o wn a nd a ske d his fr ie nd t ha t wa s o n t he
g r o und , “Fr ie nd , wha t d id t he b e a r whisp e r int o yo ur e a r s?” The o t he r fr ie nd
r e p lie d , “J ust no w t he b e a r a d vise d m e no t t o b e lie ve a fa lse fr ie nd ”.
Th e t a b le

Th e t a b le co n s is t s o f a 4 m e t e r x 3.50 m e t e r o a k t o p a n d
4 o a k ch a ir s . Th e t a b le h a s t h e e x t e n d a b le o p t io n ,
b e co m in g a 6 m e t e r lo n g t a b le . Bo t h t h e t a b le a n d t h e
ch a ir s h a v e a la y e r o f p o lis h fo r t h e p r o t e ct io n o f t h e
w o o d a n d it s g r e a t e r d u r a b ilit y . In a d d it io n , t h e o p t io n
o f b u y in g 2 o r 4 m o r e ch a ir s is p o s s ib le in ca s e t h e b u y e r
r e q u ir e s it .
N o w a d a y s p e o p le u s e t h e In t e r n e t t o co m m u n ica t e w it h o t h e r s . Ma n y o f t h e m
s h a r e t h e ir fe e lin g s , id e a s , o p in io n s , a n d p r o b le m s in s o cia l m e d ia . In fa ct ,
s h a r in g p r o b le m s o n s o cia l m e d ia e m b a r r a s s e s t h e m s e lv e s a n d r e a lly a n n o y s
ot hers.
Th o s e w h o s h a r e t h e ir p r o b le m s o n s o cia l n e t w o r k s r e a lly ir r it a t e o t h e r p e o p le .
So cia l n e t w o r k s a r e n o t t h e p la ce fo r s h a r in g p e r s o n a l p r o b le m s . Re a d in g
s o m e o n e ' s p e r s o n a l p r o b le m s o n t h e In t e r n e t is r e a lly a n u is a n ce .
Be s id e s , o n e w h o s h a r e s p r o b le m s o n s o cia l m e d ia o n ly s h a m e s h im s e lf. Ot h e r
p e o p le w h o r e a d a b o u t t h e m w ill t h in k t h a t h e h a s a m is e r a b le life . It w ill b e b a d
if t h o s e w h o r e a d h is s t a t u s a r e h is b o s s o r co w o r k e r s .
In m y o p in io n , n e t ize n s s h o u ld n o t s h a r e t h e ir p r o b le m s o n s o cia l n e t w o r k s . It is
b e t t e r fo r t h e m t o w r it e t h e ir fe e lin g s in a d ia r y o r h a v e a p r iv a t e t a lk w it h
fr ie n d s . Pe r s o n a l p r o b le m s s h a r e d o n t h e s o cia l m e d ia o n ly s h o w t h e ir n e g a t iv e
s id e .
Tr a d it io n a lly , p e o p le e a r n a liv in g fr o m a g r icu lt u r e . Th u s ,
it w a s a g r icu lt u r e t h a t fir s t s u p p o r t e d o u r e co n o m y .
N o w a d a y s , a lm o s t h a lf o f In d o n e s ia n s a r e w o r k in g in t h a t
s e ct o r a lt h o u g h it o n ly co n t r ib u t e s 40 p e r ce n t o f o u r
e co n o m y .
Se co n d ly , a g r icu lt u r e is e x p e ct e d t o fu lfill t h e n e e d fo r
fo o d in o u r co u n t r y . As t h e p o p u la t io n in cr e a s e s a t a n
a la r m in g r a t e e v e r y y e a r , in cr e a s in g fo o d s u p p ly s h o u ld
b a la n ce t h e p o p u la t io n in cr e a s e .
Ag r icu lt u r e a b s o r b s a la r g e n u m b e r o f w o r k in g
p o p u la t io n . It w ill p r o v id e e m p lo y m e n t a s m u ch a s .
Elig ib ilit y
To u s e Ma ilCh im p , y o u m u s t :
b e a t le a s t e ig h t e e n (18) y e a r s o f a g e a n d b e a b le t o
s ig n co n t r a ct s ; co m p le t e t h e r e g is t r a t io n p r o ce s s ;
a g r e e t o t h e Te r m s ; a n d p r o v id e t r u e , co m p le t e a n d
u p -t o -d a t e co n t a ct in fo r m a t io n . “

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