DISCUSSION

Decomposition is the method of breaking down biological compounds into simplified

material. The system is part of the nitrogen cycle and is necessary to reuse the limited material
that fills the biosphere's physical space. Immediately after death, bodies of living organisms start
to decompose. Animals like worms often allow the natural materials to be decomposed.
Organisms that do this are referred to as decomposers. Although no two species decompose in
the same manner, they all experience the same decompositional sequential processes. The
science that studies decomposition from the Greek word tomb is generally referred to as
taphonomy.

Biological action has decomposed (stabilized) organic matter in nature since life first
appeared on our planet. Recently, man has tried to control and use the process for sanitary
recycling and organic waste material recycling directly. This method will turn organic materials
such as vegetable matter, pet manure and other organic refuse from otherwise discarded products
into a more stable form for use as a soil alteration. This process is called "composting" and the
resulting composting material is labeled "composting." Generally speaking, there are two
processes that yield compost of ANAEROBIC (without oxygen) decomposition and AEROBIC
(with oxygen) decomposition and stabilization.

In these processes, bacteria, fungi, molds, protozoa, actinomycetes, and other saprophytic
organisms initially feed on decaying organic materials, whereas in the later stages of
decomposition, mites, millipedes, centipedes, springtails, beetles, and earthworms continue to
break down and enrich the composting materials.

Bio composting is influenced by several factors. Next, the components were shown. A
dead body exposed to accessible conditions like water and air can decompose quicker and draw
much more insect behavior than a corpse covered or enclosed by unique protective gear or
objects. Next is temperature, oxygen supply, pre-embalming, cause of death, burial, burial size,
and form of soil. Entry by scavengers, injury, like injuries and smashing strikes, humidity and
wetness, varies greatly in the rate at which decomposition happens. Factors including
temperature, humidity and death season will decide how fast a fresh body will skeletonize or
mummify. The level of bacterial decomposition operating on the tissue would ultimately depend
on the ambient environment. Colder temperatures increasing the decomposition speed when
warmer temperatures raise the decomposition level. A dry body will not effectively decompose.
Humidity allows the development of microorganisms which decompose the organic matter, too
much humidity can slow down the decomposition process. The normal process of decomposition
is stopped under extremely dry and cold conditions, allowing the corpse to be retained as a
mummy owing to either lack of moisture or temperature controls on bacterial or enzymatic
activity.

Decomposition in the compost pile of organic material depends on maintaining microbial

activity. The composting cycle is also impeded by any element that delays or inhibits microbial
growth. Efficient decomposition happens when there is proof of aeration, humidity, particle
volume and a sufficient supply of coal and nitrogen. It is the amount of oxygen that bacteria need
to successfully decompose organic waste. In the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions), some
decomposition occurs; however, the process is slow and there may be foul odors. Composting
without oxygen is not recommended in a residential setting because of the odor problem, unless
the process is carried out in a fully closed system. Mixing the pile once or twice a month
provides the necessary oxygen and significantly hastens the

Next, microbial activity requires adequate moisture. A liquid manure will not successfully
decompose. Proper moisture promotes the growth of microorganisms that break down into
humus the organic matter. Water the pile periodically if rainfall is limited to maintain a steady
rate of decomposition. Add sufficient water to make the pile humid, but not soggy. Avoid
watering over watering. Excess water can contribute to anaerobic conditions that slow down the
process of oxidation, creating foul odors. Switch it to dry out and restart the process if the pile
should get too cold.

Particle size also occupies significant roles. Upon composting, crushing the organic material
significantly reduces the time for decomposition. The larger the particle size of the biological
refuse, the quicker the bacteria will eat it. A shredder is useful for chipping or shredding most
refuse from the landscape and is essential for composting brush or sticks. Mowing the lawn until
raking is a low-cost method of reducing the amount of fallen tree leaves. Wind-rowing the leaves
into one-foot high long, narrow piles will make the process of shredding more efficient. If the
mower has an appropriate bag mount, it is possible to collect the shredded leaves directly.
Nonetheless, it is completely optional to grind.
 Eventually, compost pile temperature is very critical for the frequency of biological activity.
The activity is slowed down by low outside temperatures, while warmer temperatures accelerate
decomposition. The bacteria that make up most of the decomposition process fell into two
categories: mesophilic, those that survive and work at 50-113 ° F temperatures, and thermophilic,
those that grow at 113-158 ° F temperatures. A properly mixed compost pile will heat up to
temperatures between 110 ° F and 160 ° F as the microbes actively feed on the organic materials.
These high temperatures will help destroy the seeds of weeds and disease in the pile.

Referring to the result from 3 weeks of composting, the data that were collected increases in
weight (g) which indicates that the there was no decaying occurred for all types of objects being
placed in the bio compost except for tissue which it was degraded after the first week. Other
object that have been placed in the bio compost were all increase in weight and can not be
determine as decay or decomposed. There are few errors while preparing the bio compost and the
time taken for the bio compost should be long term to see the process of the decomposition of the
objects that have been placed in the bio compost bin.

The error that might occur which is the soil and the organic material use as the decomposer
which was the fruits waste from the cafeteria in the faculty which was not properly mix with the
soil and the placing of the item to test were not properly manage to obtain the right condition for
expected bacteria to grow and degrade the item to test. What can be done to overcome the
problem is by preparing the compost properly and provide enough need which could develop the
growth of the bacteria that act as decomposer.