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Explain TR Command

Explain abt tr commands

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13 views3 pages

Explain TR Command

Explain abt tr commands

Uploaded by

pubgplayernanda.6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Explain tr command with examples?

 There are many reasons for translating characters from one set to another. One of the most
common is to convert lowercase characters to uppercase, or vice versa. UNIX provides a translate
utility making conversions from one set to another.
tr Command:
 The tr command is a UNIX command-line utility for translating or deleting characters. It supports
a range of transformations including
1. uppercase to lowercase,
2. squeezing repeating characters,
3. deleting specific characters, and
4. Basic find and replace.
 The strings are specified using quotes. The format for the translate filter is shown in Figure . Note
that only the keyboard is specified. Translate will not accept data from a file. To translate a file,
therefore, we must redirect the file into the translate command.
 Syntax :
$ tr [OPTION] [SET1] [SET2]

 Figure and Options :

Examples:
1. How to convert lower case characters to upper case.
 To convert characters from lower case to upper case, you can either specify a range of characters
or use the predefined character classes.
 Syntax :

$cat filename.txt |tr [:lower:] [:upper] or $cat filename.txt |tr [a-z] [A-Z]

2. How to translate white-space characters to tabs?


 The following command translates all the white-space characters to tabs
 Syntax :

$cat filename.txt |tr [:space:] “\t”

 $ echo "Welcome To CSE-G Students" | tr [:space:] "\t“


 We can also use redirection to provide input for tr. Although this time we will use a here string
for that:
 Redirection Syntax:
$tr [:space:] "\t" <<< " Welcome To CSE-G Students “

3. How to translate braces into parenthesis?


 You can also translate from and to a file. In this example we will translate braces in a file
with parenthesis.
 Syntax:
$ tr "{ }" "( )" <t4.txt(this is old file) >t5.txt=> (newfile.txt)

 $ cat>t4.txt<= is a file
Input :( Good morning everyone i am your eswi faculty p shanker naik)
sir from cvr college
 Output: {Good morning everyone i am your eswi faculty p shanker naik}
sir from cvr college

4. How to squeeze a sequence of repetitive characters using -s option.?

 To squeeze repetitive occurrences of characters specified in a set use the -s option. This
removes repeated instances of characters of the last SET specified. OR we can say that,
you can convert multiple continuous spaces with a single space
 Syntax:
$cat filename |tr –s “ “
 Input:$ echo "Welcome To all B.Tech First Year Students" | tr -s “ “
 Output: Wellcome To all B.tech First Year Students

5. How to delete specified characters using -d option.?


 To delete specific characters use the -d option. This option deletes characters in the first set
specified.
 Syntax:
$cat filename | tr -d characters
name {Good morning everyone i am your eswi faculty p shanker naik}
 Example(Input):
sir from cvr college
 $cat t5.txt | tr -d G

 Output:{ood morning everyone i am your eswi faculty p shanker naik}


sir from cvr college

6. How to complement the sets using –c and cd option?

 You can complement the SET1 using -c option. For example, to remove all characters except
digits, you can use the following.
 Syntax:
1.$cat filename | tr –cd [:digit:],

2.$cat filename | tr -c tr -c "enter the same characters in side quotes" "*" <filename


 Example:01.$cat t8.txt

Syntax: $cat t8.txt | tr –cd 246

Input: MY FACULTY ID IS CVRCSEF246

Output: 245naik1231@DESKTOP-BG36MNF:~$

 Example:02,$cat>srt.txt

Input: it is very easy to use SHANKER

Syntax:$tr -c "aeiou" "*" <srt.txt

Output: i**i***e***ea****o*u*e*********naik1231

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