Code No: R2021043 R20 SET - 1

II B. Tech I Semester Regular

Regular/Supplementary Examinations, December
ember-2023
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
(Com to ECE, EIE, ECT)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions each Question from each unit
All Questions carry Equal Marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
UNIT-I
1 a) Define a signal? Determine even and odd components of the following signals? [7M]
i) xt  cos t sin t sint cos tii) xt  1 t cos 10t
b) How an arbitrary function xt can be expressed using set of mutual orthogonal [7M]
functions? Explain.
OR
2 a) A continuous time signal xt shown in Fig 1. Apply the following operations [7M]
and sketch, label carefully.

i) x   ii) xt  2
2 iii) x2t 3

Fig 1
b) Explain the analogy between vectors and signals
signals. [7M]

UNIT-II
3 a) Show that the trigonometric Fourier series representation of even periodic [7M]
function contains only cosine terms.
b) By use of suitable property of Fourier transform, find the Fourier transform of [7M]
the signal
1
xt 
t
Also, sketch its magnitude spectrum
OR

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Code No: R2021043 R20 SET - 1

4 a) Determine the trigonometric Fourier series coefficients of the periodic waveform [8M]
shown in Fig. 2?

Fig 2.
b) State the time scaling and Duality properties of Fourier transform
transform. [6M]

UNIT-III
5 responses of a system are given asxt  e  ut and
a) The input and impulse response [8M]
ht  ut 3.. Find the response of a systemyt.
b) Explain about LTI and LTV systems
systems. [6M]

OR
6 a) Explain the filter characteristics of ideal LPF and BPF with neat sketches. [7M]
b) Define Causality and physically realizability of a system. Also, discuss about [7M]
Paley-wiener criteria.
UNIT-IV
7 a) Derive the relation between autocorrelation and energy spectral density of an [7M]
energy signal?
b) Determine the Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval of the following signals. [7M]
i) xt  Sinc500πt 5 sinc  180πt ii) xt  10sinc  250πt
OR
8 a) List out the properties power spectral density (PSD)
(PSD). [7M]
b) With neat diagrams, explain
xplain the concept of flat
flat-top sampling. [7M]

UNIT-V
9 a) Determine the inverse Laplace transform of [7M]
s 1
  
Xs , 3 # $%&s' # 2
s 5s 6
b) State and prove scaling in zz-domain property of z-transform. [7M]

OR
10 a) State and prove the time differentiation property in Laplace transform
transform. [7M]
b) Find the z-transform ( ) [7M]
signal, xn 
transform of the signal  un 2) un  1. Also, plot

its ROC.

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Code No: R2021043 R20 SET - 2

II B. Tech I Semester Regular

Regular/Supplementary Examinations, December-2023
December
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
(Com to ECE, EIE, ECT)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions each Question from each unit
All Questions carry Equal Marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
UNIT-I
1 a) Define and sketch the unit step function and signum function? Bring out the [7M]
relation between these two functions.
b) Consider the complex valued exponential signal [7M]
,-./
xt  A e , α00
Evaluate the real and imaginary components of xt for the following
i) α real, α  α( ii) α complex, α  α( jω(
OR
2 a) A triangular pulse xt is shown in Fig 1. Sketch the following signals. [7M]
i) x3t ii) x3t 2 iii) x2t  1

Fig 1
b) What is meant by orthogonality and derive the condition under which two [7M]
signals x( t and x tsaid
said to be orthogonal to each other.
UNIT-II
3 a) Show that the magnitude spectrum of every periodic function is symmetrical [7M]
about vertical axis passing through the origin.
b) Find the Fourier transform of the signum function [7M]
xt  sgnt
Also, sketch its magnitude and phase spectra.
OR
4 a) What is the significance of Hilbert transform? List out any three properties of [7M]
Hilbert transform.
b) State and prove the time integration property of Fourier transform? [7M]

UNIT-III
5 a) Derive the expression for transfer function of a LTI system. [7M]
b) A system produces an output of yt  e ut for an input of xt  e ut. [7M]
Determine the impulse response and frequency response of a system.
OR
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Code No: R2021043 R20 SET - 2

6 a) Obtain the convolution of the following two signals using graphical approach. [9M]
xt  e  utandh(t) = u(t + 3)
b) Explain the concept of system bandwidth with neat sketch. [5M]

UNIT-IV
7 a) State and prove any two properties of Autocorrelation for energy signals. [7M]
b) Explain quantitatively about reconstruction of a signal from its sampled signal [7M]
using interpolation.
OR
8  
a) A non-periodic signal x(t) = e u(t) is passed through an LPF with cut-off [7M]
frequency 1 rad/s. Determine
i) Input energy spectral density (ESD)
ii) Output ESD
iii) Total energy of an output signal
b) Differentiate between natural and flat-top sampling. [7M]

UNIT-V
9 a) State and prove the initial value theorem in Laplace transform. [7M]
b) Find the inverse z-transform of [7M]
(
z
X(z) = ; ROC: |z| > 1
3 − 4z ( + z 
OR
10 a) Find the Laplace transform of a causal periodic signal shown in Fig. 2. [7M]

Fig. 2

b) Define ROC? List out the properties of ROC related to z- transform. [7M]

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Code No: R2021043 R20 SET - 3

II B. Tech I Semester Regular

Regular/Supplementary Examinations, December-2023
December
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
(Com to ECE, EIE, ECT)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions each Question from each unit
All Questions carry Equal Marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
UNIT-I
1 a) Define periodic signal? Verify the following signals are periodic or not. [7M]
C
< <
i) x(t) = cos t + 5sin
sin t ii) x(t) = e. > (
B
b) What is meant by orthogonality? Derive the condition for the orthogonality [7M]
between two complex signals x( (t) and x (t)for a real variable t.
OR
2 a) A continuous time signal x(t) shown in Fig. 1. Apply the following operations [7M]
and sketch, label carefully.

i) x(t − 4) ii) x 
 iii) x(4t 1

Fig. 1
b) Define and list the properties of unit impulse function? Also, evaluate the [7M]
following integrals.
-A > -∞
a) =A e δ(t − 1)dt b) x(t) = =A sin 2t δ(t)dt
UNIT-II
3 a) Explain about Dirichlet’s conditions to obtain Fourier series representation of [7M]
any signal.
b) Determine the Fourier transf
transform of the signal shown in Fig 2 by using time [7M]
differentiation property?

Fig. 2
OR
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Code No: R2021043 R20 SET - 3

4 a) Obtain the trigonometric Fourier coefficients in terms of exponential Fourier [7M]

coefficients?
b) Find the Fourier transform of the signal [7M]
xt = e  Dut + 2 − ut − 3E
UNIT-III
5 a) Define and explain the following: [7M]
i) Linear and non-linear systems ii) Causal and non-causal systems
b) Explain the characteristics of an ideal LPF? Explain why it can’t be realized. [7M]

OR
6 a) Obtain the convolution of the following two signals using graphical approach. [14M]
1 for − 3 ≤ t ≤ 3 L 2 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 3L
xt = F ;ht = F
0 elsewhere 0 elsewhere
UNIT-IV
7 a) Explain about the detection of periodic signal in the presence of noise by [7M]
correlation?
b) Write the statement of Sampling theorem for band limited signals? Determine [7M]
the Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval of the following signal
xt = 5 sin250πt + 6 cos200πt
OR
8 a) Write any twoproperties of cross correlation function for power signals. [4M]
b) A signalxt = 2 cos 400πt + 6 cos 640πt is ideally sampled at fM = 500 Hz. If [10M]
the sampled signal is passed through an ideal low pass filter with a cutoff
frequency of 400 Hz, what frequency components will appear in the output?
Sketch the output spectrum. Also find the output signal.
UNIT-V
9 a) Determine the initial and final values of [7M]
2s + 3
Xs = 
s + 5s + 6
b) Find the z-transform of the discrete time signal and also plot its ROC. [7M]
xDnE = nα) uDnE; |α| < 1
OR
10 a) State and prove the time shifting property in Laplace transform. [7M]
b) Determine the inverse z-transform of the given by use of power series expansion [7M]
(PSE) method
2 + z ( 1
( ( ; ROC: z < 2
Xz = | |
1− z

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Code No: R2021043 R20 SET - 4

II B. Tech I Semester Regular

Regular/Supplementary Examinations, December-2023
December
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
(Com to ECE, EIE, ECT)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions each Question from each unit
All Questions carry Equal Marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
UNIT-I
1 a) Define and sketch the following signals [7M]
i) Unit step signal ii) Unit impulse signal iii) Signum function
b) A rectangular functionx(t) defined as [7M]
1for 0 # t # π L
x(t) = F
−1for π # t # 2π
Approximate this function by a waveform NOPQover the interval(0,2π)π) such that
the mean square error (MSE) is minimum. Also, calculate MSE.
OR
2 a) Determine whether the given signal is power or energy signal? [7M]
( ) = ADu(t + a) − u(t − a)E,
xt a>0
b) What is meant by Orthogonality of signals? Show that the following signals are [7M]
mutually orthogonal to each other over an interval (0, 1).
x( (t) = 2 andx (t) = √31  2t
UNIT-II
3 a) Show that the trigonometric Fourier series representation of odd periodic [7M]
function contains no cosineterms.
b) Find the Fourier transform of the signal [7M]
1
xt 
1 t
Also sketch its magnitude spectrum.
OR
4 a) Obtain the trigonometric Fourier series for the waveform shown in Fig 1.
1 [7M]

Fig 1
b) What is Hilbert transform? Also, obtain its magnitude and phase spectra.
spectra [7M]

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Code No: R2021043 R20 SET - 4

UNIT-III
5 a) What are the requirements to be satisfied by an LTI system to provide [7M]
distortionless transmission of a signal?
b) State and explain about Paley-wiener criteria. [7M]

OR
6 a) Obtain the relation between rise time and bandwidth of a LPF when unit step [7M]
signal is applied.
b) Write a note on signal bandwidth and system band width. [7M]

UNIT-IV
7 a) Determine the autocorrelation function and energy spectral density of the signal [7M]
xt = e  ut
b) What is meant by aliasing effect? Suggest the methods to avoid the aliasing. [7M]

OR
8 a) Obtain the relation between correlation and convolution. [7M]
b) State the sampling theorem for band limited signals?Determine the minimum [7M]
sampling rate and Nyquist interval of the signal
xt = Cos 200πt + 10 Sin 10000πt + 20 Cos 5000πt
UNIT-V
9 a) Write the properties of ROC for Laplace transform. [7M]
b) Determine the inverse z-transform of the [7M]
1
TU = ; ROC: 0.5 < |z| < 1
1 − 1.5U ( + 0.5U 
OR
10 a) Find the Laplace transform of the signal, xt = e ut − e  ut . Also [7M]
sketch its ROC.
b) State and prove the final value theorem in z-transform. [7M]

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