READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

GEC2-RPH | Thursday, 7:00-10:00 AM | Ms. Diana Mago

LESSON 1: FIRST VOTAGE AROUND THE Other monarchs were envious of the economic
WORLD benefits the route gave to Portugal. Because of
this, it led to the search for new trade routes to
Learning Outcomes: Asia. Additionally, there were discoveries of
1. Analyze the content, context, and many territories unknown to Europeans.
perspective of the documented MARRIAGE OF QUEEN ISABELLA OF
presented. CASTILLE AND KING FERDINAND II OF
2. Discuss the Magellan-Elcano expedition ARAGON (1469) and VICTORY OF CATHOLIC
and experience based on the journal. MONARCHS OVER THE MOORS (BATTLE OF
3. Explain the importance of Pigafetta’s GRANADA, 1492):
account in the study of Philippine history.
 led to the rise of Spain as a world
power
HISTORICAL CONTEXT SPAIN:
BENEFITS: EUROPEANS FROM CRUSADES  started exploring their economic options
discovery of products  porcelain, silk,
outside the Iberian peninsula
not available in their incense, herbs,
 was inspired to have a fair share in the
country perfumes,
fabrics, carpets, Spice trade
spices CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS:
SPICES:
 trans-Atlantic voyage (1492-1502)
 most expensive and in-demand among
o discovery of other territories on
Europeans
the other side of the Atlantic
 has numerous uses; preservation,
ocean
enhancement, medicine
FERDINAND MAGELLAN:
EUROPEANS/MERCHANTS:
 supported by the Spanish monarch,
 aspired to monopolize their supply in the
decades after Columbus
European market
 proposed that they go to the east by
SILKL ROAD/ARABIAN-ITALIAN TRADE sailing westward in which Portugal
ROUTE: refused to finance

 Asian goods reached Europe via this MAGELLAN-ELCANO EXPEDITION:

route
 left Sanlucar de Barrameda, Seville on
 expensive, often disrupted by wars,
August 20, 1519
calamities, and bandits
 started with around 270 men of different
CLOSING OF THE SPICE TRADE LAND nationalities
ROUTE:  encountered natural and man-ade
challenges during the voage
 forced European kingdoms to find ways  only 3 out of 5 ships made it to the
to spices directly from suppliers Philippines
 arrived in March 16, 1521 in a Saturday
EUROPEAN KINGDOMS
in Samar
 explored oceans to look for a way to the  first weeks: exchange of goods, some
Spice Islands even converted to Christianity
OBJECTIVES:
PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR: o search for a new maritime path
 put up a maritime school that would not violate Spain’s
 trained sailors who later discovered an treaty with Portugal
Eastern sea route to the Spice Island LAPU-LAPU:
SAILORS:  refused to trade, Magellan waged war
 had more discovery – islands in the  killed Magellan in the Battle of Mactan
southeast asia via the Atlantic and
Indian ocean
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
GEC2-RPH | Thursday, 7:00-10:00 AM | Ms. Diana Mago
When survivors returned to Cebu, they were  kept a detailed journal of what happened
attacked by their former allies; prompting them to them during the voyage
to leave.  many asked him to write a formal
account of the Magellan expedition
Trinidad and Victoria were the two ships that left
the Philippines. WHAT HAPPENED:

The expedition finally reached Spice Island  he presented the drafts to Pope Clement
VII, Philippe de Villiers L’Isle-Adam, and
IN SPICE ISLAND: Louis of Savoy
 Juan Sebastian Elcano and the others  was unable to find a financier to pay for
managed to purchase a large amount of the required deposit by the printer,
spices before leaving. because;
 The Trinidad and her crew were captured o accounts of Maximilianus
by the Portuguese on the way to their Transylvanas and Peter Martyr
home country were already out
o interest on the expedition already
SEPTEMBER 7, 1522: died down
 Jacques Fabre published a condensed
 Elcano and 17 survivors arrived in Spain
version of the manuscript in 1536
aboard Victoria
THE BOOK
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA:
 the original book did not survive time
 assistant of Magellan, kept a journal
 3 French, 2 in the Bibliotheque Nationale
 one of the 18 survivors of the Magellan-
o third copy: owned by Sir
Elcano expedition
Thomas Phillipps, a British
ABOUT THE AUTHOR collector
- bought by Beinecke Rare
 born around 1490 to parents Giovanni Book, now kept in the
Pigafetta and Angela Zoga Manuscript Library of Yale
 studied astronomy, geography, and University
cartography o fourth copy: written in mixed
 worked in ships owned by the Knightsif Italian, Spanish, and Venetian
Rhodes in his younger years - found in the Ambrosian
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA Library, Milan
 Carlo Amoretti: Italian copy
 curious of the world around him  English version was published in 1819
 joined Monsignor Francesco Chieregati  James Alexander Robertson made his
o Papal Nuncio to Spain in 1519 own English version of the Ambrosian
 left Barcelona for Seville after approval copy
of the Spanish sovereign o Appeared in the Philippine Island
 presented his credentials to Magellan Opus (version 33)
and Casa de la Contrataction
o office in charge of the voyages to PIGAFETTA’S ACCOUNT:
the New World  longest, most comprehensive
 admitted as one of the sobresalientes  included the individual fates of the five
(supernumeraries) ships
o men coming from prominent o Trinidad
families who will join the trip for o San Antonio
the love of adventure o Concepcion
 survived the challenges and
o Santiago
catastrophes they encountered along the
o Victoria
way
 narrated how they survived unforeseen
ABOUT THE BOOK problems
o shortage of food
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA: o various types of diseases
o crew’s lack of confidence in
Magellan’s leadership
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
GEC2-RPH | Thursday, 7:00-10:00 AM | Ms. Diana Mago
o hostile attitude of the people they them until morning
encountered during the journey MARCH 27
 included maps, glossaries of native Magellan sent men to burn 20 to 30 houses
words, descriptions of the flora and which roused greater fury
fauna of the places they visited
shot in the right leg with a poisoned arrow
THE TITLE PAGE OF MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE
AROUND THE WORLD BY PIGAFETTA WITH ordered his men to retire slowly to which they
ENGLISH TRANSLATION, NOTES, continued fighting
BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND INDEX BY ROBERTSON
wounded on the left leg with a large outlass,
PIGAFETTA’S TRAVELOGUE: falling face forward

 contributed to the enrichment of ultimately killed

Philippine historiography
 has a glimpse of political, economic, and
social conditions of the islands in the RELEVANCE:
Visayan region during the 16th century
PIGAFETTA’S CHRONICLE: EUROPEAN
 described the appearance, social life,
HISTORIOGRAPHY
beliefs, and practices of the people they
encountered in Samar, Leyte, and Cebu  contributed immensely to the European
 contains economic activities local folks historiography
and the goods they have offered to trade o popularized the achievements of
 eye witness account of the death of the Magellan-Elcano expedition
Magellan in the Battle of Mactan
MAGELLAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE FIELD
EXCERPTS FROM MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE OF GEOGRAPHY, NAVIGATION, HISTORY,
AROUND THE WORLD AND OTHER RELATED AREAS:
MARCH 16, 1521: SATURDAY, DAWN  proving that the Earth is not flat but an
came upon a highland at a distance of 300 oblate sphere
leagues from the island of Latoni-an named o demolished the myth that there is
Samar boiling water at the equator
MARCH 17, 1521: SUNDAY  completed the first circumnavigation of
Magellan desired to land on another island,
the world
uninhabited
 confirmed that the Portuguese route is
MARCH 18, 1521: MONDAY AFTERNOON
not the only way to the Spice Islands
boat with nine men approached
o one can go to the east by sailing
first trading took place westward
MARCH 22, 1521: FRIDAY, NOON  brought to the attention of Europeans
trading continued for a week that on the other side of the American
MARCH 29, 1521: HOLY FRIDAY continent exists a large body of water
Magellan sent his slave/interpreter ashore to (Pacific Ocean)
ask the King for food
These discoveries altered the European map of
still trading the world, resulting in the inclusion of new
territories in the world view.
Kings: Raia Colambu and Raia Siani
PIGAFETTA’S CHRONICLES: PHILIPPINE
MARCH 31, 1521: EASTER SUNDAY
HISTORIOGRAPHY
Magellan sent a priest for a mass
 contains important details about the
First Catholic mass, Limasawa condition of the Visayan islands in the
APRIL 7, 1521: SUNDAY NOON 16th century
arrived in Cebu
o economic activities, social &
APRIL 14, 1521: SUNDAY MORNING
cultural practices, religious beliefs
Raja Humabon christened
 local writers used his accounts as a
APRIL 26, 1521: FRIDAY
source of their historical information on
Lapu-lapu refused to obey the King of Spagnia
the beginning of Christianity in the
natives asked not to proceed with attacking country
 First mass in the Philippines
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
GEC2-RPH | Thursday, 7:00-10:00 AM | Ms. Diana Mago
 conversion of Raja Humabon and wife FIRST YEAR OF SPANISH RULE:
 image of the Sto. Nino PHILIPPINES
 reaction of the Filipinos when they met
the Spaniards  difficulty in running local politics
o easily befriended o limited number of Spaniards who
o refused to interact and trade wanted to live outside of
Intramuros
LAPU-LAPU:  Spanish were forced to allow Filipinos to
hold the position of gobernadorcillo
 most prominent Filipino character in the  friars assigned in parishes were
author’s narrative supervising and monitoring the activities
 first Filipino who led the resistance of the gobernadorcillos to ensure that
movement against the Spanish rule they remain loyal
 successfully won against the first o performing administrative duties,
attempt of the Spaniards to take control local level
of the Philippines o election of local executives
MAXIMILIANUS TRANSVYLANUS o collection of taxes
o educating the youth
 also wrote about the expedition titled  most knowledgeable and influential
“De Moluccis Insulis” or The Moluccas figure in the pueblo
Islands which came of the press after the
ship Victoria arrived in Spain. FRIARS:
 his work is much shorter and less
 required to inform their superiors of what
detailed
was happening in their areas
FRANCISCO ALBO: o reports on number of natives
converted, their way of life, socio-
 Victoria’s pilot economic situation, and problems
 his work is the shortest, mainly focused they encountered
on the location of the expedition on  submitted short letters, long dispatches
certain dates  personal observations and experiences
PETER MARTYR d’ANGHEIRA RELACION DE LAS COSTUMBRES DE LOS
 last contemporaneous source about TAGALOGS, 1589
Magellan  contains information that historians
 wrote accounts of the Spanish could use in reconstructing the political
explorations of the New World, divided and socio-cultural history of the Tagalog
into “decades”  Plasencia’s work is a primary source;
o 5th decade: appeared in 1523 he personally witnessed the events, it
o recounted the conquest of Mexico contained his observations
and the circumnavigation of the
world by Magellan OTHER FRIARS AND COLONIAL OFFICIALS
WHO WROTE ABOUT THE FILIPINOS
Miguel de Relacion de las Islas
Loarca Filipinas (1582)
LESSON 2: CUSTOM OF THE TAGALOGS

Learning Outcomes: Describes Filipinos way of

life in the Western Visayas
1. Examine the content, context, and area
perspective of the document presented. Lieutenant Sucesos de las Islas
2. Explain the relationship among the Governor Filipinas
members of a barangay. Antonio de
3. Discuss the religious and spiritual Morga Information about the state
of the Philippines in the
practices and beliefs of early Filipinos.
latter part of the 16th
4. Determine the significance of the
century
document to Philippine history. Most of what we know about the Philippine
HISTORICAL CONTEXT history during the first century of the Spanish
period were derived from the accounts of the
Spanish friars.
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
GEC2-RPH | Thursday, 7:00-10:00 AM | Ms. Diana Mago
ABOUT THE AUHTOR  live in their own houses
 could not be sold
FRAY JUAN DE PLASENCIA (Joan de
Portocarrero): SLAVES:

 first batch of missionaries in the  aliping sa guiguilir

Philippines, 1578  serve their master in his house
 member of the Franciscan order  may be sold
 assigned to do mission works in the
Southern Tagalog with Franciscan Fray MAHARLIKA
Diego de Oropesa Mother and father continue to be so
 helped in the foundation and side forever
Slaves through marriage
organization of numerous towns in:
Children among children and mother
o Quezon
their slaves become free
o Laguna
o Rizal
o Bulacan WORSHIP OF THE TAGALOGS
 his continuous interaction with the
WORSHIPED ENTITIES OF THE TAGALOGS:
people he converted to Christianity
enabled him to write a work  Bathala
 catechism  sun
 his biggest challenge was how to make  moon
the articles of faith comprehensible to  stars
the people who have never heard of o Tala – morning star
Christ or the Catholic church  “seven little goats”
 died in Liliw, Laguna in 1590  change of seasons
o Mapolon
DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA EN LENGUA
o Balatic
ESPANOLA Y TAGALA:
 Dian Masalanta – patron of lovers and
 first printed book in the Philippines, 1593 of generations
 used by Plasencia as a reading material  Lacapati – patron of cultivated lands
for those Filipinos who wish to deepen  Idianale – patron of husbandry
their faith in the religion
The Tagalogs possessed many idols called lic-
EXCERPTS FROM CUSTOMS OF THE ha, which were images of different shapes.
TAGALOGS (FROM THE FILIPINIANA BOOK
GUILD) DISTINCTIONS OF THE DEVIL: MADE
AMONG BY THE PRIESTS
DATOS:
CATOLONAN
 chiefs who governed the Filipinos, either a man or woman
captains in their wars
held ordinarily by people of rank
BARANGAY: MANGANGAUAY
pretending to heal the sick
 ruled by chiefs; people as many as a
hundred to less than thirty capable of causing death
THREE CASTES MANYISALAT
has the power of applying such remedies to
NOBLES: lovers
 to abandon and despise their own
 freeborn, maharlika wives
 did not pay tax or tribute to the dato MANCOCOLAM
 must accompany dato in war emit fire from himself at night

fire could not be extinguished; except of the

priest wallowed in the ordure and filth which
COMMONERS:
falls from the houses
 aliping mamamahay HOCLOBAN
 married, serve their master greater efficacy than the mangangauay
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
GEC2-RPH | Thursday, 7:00-10:00 AM | Ms. Diana Mago
killed whom they chose to by simply saluting The grief of having a deceased was
or raising their hand accompanied by eating and drinking. This was a
customs of the Tagalogs
Catanduanes
SILAGAN CASANAAN: “place of anguish”
anyone clothed in white, they would tear his
liver and eat it Filipinos dwelt that no one would go to heaven,
where there only dwelt Bathala who governed
Catanduanes from above.
MAGTATANGAL
Pagans confessed more clearly to a hell
purpose was to show himself at night to many
persons without his head SITAN: all the wicked went to this place, there
dwelt demons
pretended to carry his head to different
places VIBIT: ghosts

Catanduanes TIGBALAANG: phantom

OSUANG
“sorcerer” PATIANAC: if any woman died in childbirth, she
and the child suffered punishment
seen flying RELEVANCE:
murdered men, ate their flesh CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS:

Visayas Islands  describes the way of life of Filipinos

MANGAGAYOMA before Spanish and Christian influences
made charms for lovers, infusing the heart  covers topics that are relevant in many
with love disciplines
o information about the social
deceiving people classes, political stratifications,
SONAT legal system of the Tagalog
“preacher”
region
o tackles property rights, marriage
help one die
rituals, burial practices, and
predicted the salvation or condemnation of manner in which justice is
the soul dispensed
PANGATAOHAN  preserves and popularizes the unwritten
soothsayer customs, traditions, and religious
superstitious beliefs of the Filipinos
predicted the future
BAYOGUIN PRIESTS AND MISSIONARIES:
man whose nature inclined toward that of
 read Plasencia’s C.O.T.T and D.C.
woman
 it contains insights that can help them to
MANNER OF BURRYING THE DEAD:
become effective evangelizers
 deceased is buried beside their house  one needs to master the local language,
o placed beneath a little house or study the culture of the people
porch if he were a chief  preaching should be accompanied with
 mourning for four days reading materials
 laid on a boat, serving as a coffin
The insights from Plasencia is not only
 various animals placed within the boat,
applicable to missionaries but to other
in pairs
professions as well.
o two goats, two deers
o slaves care to see to it that the PLASENCIA’S HISTORICAL WRITINGS:
animals are fed
 disproved claims of some Spaniards
IF DECEASED IS A WARRIOR:
CLAIMS OF THE SPANIARDS THAT
 a living slave will be tied to the body of PLASENCIA’S WRITINGS DISPROVED:
the deceased until in this way, he died
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
GEC2-RPH | Thursday, 7:00-10:00 AM | Ms. Diana Mago
 Filipinos were still uncivilized and lacking o development of the Filipino as
in culture citizens of their own nation
o Filipinos were already politically
and economically organized DEVELOPMENT OF THE FILIPINOS AS
CITIZENS OF THEIR OWN NATION:
FILIPINOS BEFORE THE SPANIARDS:
 done through the written works by
 has a functioning government, tax Bonifacio and Jacinto
systems, set of laws, criminal justice o Jacinto wrote poems and essays
system, indigenous calendar, and long- for the society members
standing customs and traditions
 have a concept of a supreme being, RECRUITMENT PROCESS OF THE
Bathala KATIPUNAN:
 people Plasencia met were wearing  structure based on Rizal’s aborted
garments and gold ornaments, house reformist organization, La Liga Filipina
decorated with their idols  followed the Masonic initiation rites
This led to the conclusion that even before the THE NEW MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY:
Spaniards, Filipinos were already civilized and
maintained a lifestyle on par or even better  indoctrinated with the Katipunan rules
than that of the people from other countries in  its teachings emphasized the value of
the Southeast Asia. the love of one’s country and fellow
Filipinos
LESSON 3: KARTILYA OF THE KATIPUNAN
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: EMILIO JACINTO
Learning Outcomes:
 finished elementary education in a
1. Examine the content, context, and the private school
perspective of the document presented.  secondary education in Colegio de San
2. Determine the main teachings and Juan de Letran
guiding principles of the Kartilya.  studied law in the University of Santo
3. Recognize the importance of the to the Thomas
past and today’s society o developed a love of reading
HISTORICAL CONTEXT o improved his skills in Spanish
 had to stop his studies when the
JULY 7, 1892: Philippine Revolution began I 1896
 born on December 15, 1875 in Trozo,
 Katipunan was established by Andres
Tondo
Bonifacio
 born to Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon
 first move towards independence
EMILIO JACINTO: DIMAS ILAW
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KATIPUNAN:
 symbolic name: Pingkian
 result of the failure of the Reform
 joined the Katipunan on 1894
Movement
o developed his nationalistic ideals
o Filipinos attempted to demand
 became a guiding light to the members
reforms for the Philippines from
of the society
the Spanish government
 wrote the Kartilya and oath of the
ANDRES BONIFACIO: Katipuneros
 edited Kalayaan; the Katipunan
 organized an underground movement newspaper
against Spain  appointed general by Bonifacio in 1897
EARLY FLAG OF THE KATIPUNAN:  adviser to the Supremo

KATAASTAASANG KAGALANG-GALANGANG Jacinto continued to fight against the Spaniards

KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK BAYAN: after the death of Bonifacio

 sought freedom and independence for  wounded in a battle against the

the Philippines Spaniards in Magdalena, Laguna;
 main objective was to separate the captured
Philippines from Spain and;
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
GEC2-RPH | Thursday, 7:00-10:00 AM | Ms. Diana Mago
 convinced the Spanish soldiers that he  pagdadamayan ng isa’t isa
was a spy  lahat dito’y magkakapantay, tunay na
o showed them a military pass magkakapatid
issued to a man he killed prior  gawa ang hinahanap, gawa ang
o went to hide in Manila tinitignan
o planned on continuing his law o hindi dapat pjumasok ang hindi
studies; discontinued makagagawa, kahit magaling
 had to go back to Laguna to lead his magsalita
fellow patriots against the Americans  lahat ng tumubo sa sangkalupaang ito
o established his head quarters in ay Tagalog din
the town of Majayjay  lahat ng ipinagsaysay ay dapat gunitain
o contracted malaria; died on April
MGA ARAL NANG KATIPUNAN NG MGA
6, 1899
A.N.B.:
ABOUT THE TEXT
 tunay na kabanalan ay ang
 printed as a small pamphlet, distributed pagkakawang gawa
to the members of the Katipunan  lahat ng tao’y magkakapantay
 served as primary lessons for the  ang hamak na may kalooban inuuna ang
members of the Katipunan pagpipita sa sarili sa puri
 huwag mong sayangin ang panahon
JIM RICHARDSON:  ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi
 matutong ipaglihim and dapat ipaglihim
 stated that it is the best known of all the
 kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama,
Katipunan texts
ang patutunguhan ng inaakay ay
 the only document of any length set in
kasamaan din
print by the Katipunan known to be still
 huwag mong tingnang isang bagay na
extant prior to August 1896
libangan lamang ang babae
FIRST PAGE OF THE KARTILYA  ang di mo ibig gawin sa asawa mo,
huwag mong gagawin sa asawa, anak, at
KARTILYA: kapatid ng iba
 kamahalan ng tao’y wala sa pagkahari;
 presents the teachings for the neophyte
yaong may magandang asal, may isang
Katipuneros and also the guiding
pangungusap, may dangal at puri; yaong
principles of the society
di napaaapit di nakikiapi; yaong
o teachings of the Kartilya is
marunong magdamdam at marunong
expected from the members even
lumingap sa bayang tinubuan
after attainment of freedom from
the colonizers RELEVANCE:
 ends with a document of affirmation by
the member to the society’s teaching  signifanct to the lives of modern Filipinos
 teachings embodied the moral and  simple creed for living in the light of the
nationalistic principles of a nation that many changes occurring at present
fought for independence  established not only the rules for the
o relevant: sense of nationhood still organization, but also the principles for
holds true when the values of the citizens of a nation once
every Filipino are threatened by independence has been achieved
influences brought by today’s
globalization

KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN: TAGALOG TEXT

SA MAY NASANG MAKISANIB SA

KATIPUNANG ITO:

 magkaroon ng lubos na pananalig at

kaisipan sa mga layong tinutungo