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TYPESCRIPT

typescript basics

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3K views5 pages

TYPESCRIPT

typescript basics

Uploaded by

fa21-bcs-139
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPESCRIPT

DATATYPES

1. BASIC TYPES

NUMBER: REPRESENTS NUMERICAL VALUES.


let age: number = 25;

STRING: REPRESENTS TEXTUAL DATA.


let name: string = "Alice";

BOOLEAN: REPRESENTS TRUE OR FALSE VALUES.


let isStudent: boolean = true;

ANY: CAN HOLD ANY TYPE OF VALUE.


let anything: any = 42;

anything = "Hello";

VOID: USED FOR FUNCTIONS THAT DO NOT RETURN A VALUE.


function logMessage(message: string): void {

console.log(message);

NULL AND UNDEFINED: REPRESENT ABSENCE OF VALUE.


let nothing: null = null;

let notDefined: undefined = undefined;

2. ARRAY

Arrays can hold multiple values of the same type.


NUMBER[]: ARRAY OF NUMBERS.
let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3];

STRING[]: ARRAY OF STRINGS.


let names: string[] = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"];

3. TUPLE
Tuples allow you to express an array with a fixed number of elements whose types are known.

let person: [string, number] = ["Alice", 25];

4. ENUM
Enums allow a developer to define a set of named constants.

enum Color {

Red,

Green,

Blue

let c: Color = Color.Green;

5. OBJECT
Objects are collections of key-value pairs.

let user: { name: string; age: number } = {

name: "Alice",

age: 25

};

6. UNION TYPES
Union types allow a variable to have one of several types.

let value: number | string;


value = 42; // OK

value = "Hello"; // OK

7. TYPE ALIASES
Type aliases create a new name for a type.

type ID = number | string;

let userId: ID;

userId = 123; // OK

userId = "abc"; // OK

8. INTERFACES
Interfaces define the structure of an object. They are similar to type aliases but are more powerful when
it comes to describing object shapes.

interface User {

name: string;

age: number;

let user: User = {

name: "Alice",

age: 25

};

9. FUNCTIONS
TypeScript allows you to specify types for function parameters and return values.

function add(a: number, b: number): number {

return a + b;

10. GENERICS
Generics allow you to create reusable components.
function identity<T>(arg: T): T {

return arg;

let output = identity<string>("Hello");

let outputNumber = identity<number>(42);

KEY CONCEPTS TO KNOW:

1. Type Inference: TypeScript automatically infers the type based on the value assigned.

let x = 10; // inferred as number

2. Type Assertion: Tells the compiler to treat a value as a specified type.

let someValue: any = "Hello World";

let strLength: number = (someValue as string).length;

3. Optional Properties: Properties that may or may not be present in an object.

interface Person {

name: string;

age?: number; // age is optional

4. Readonly Properties: Properties that cannot be modified after being set.

interface Car {

readonly make: string;

model: string;

let myCar: Car = { make: "Toyota", model: "Corolla" };

// myCar.make = "Honda"; // Error: Cannot assign to 'make' because it is a read-only property.

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