KIT’s College of Engineering

(Autonomous),
Kolhapur.
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication.

Report on:
Reverse Vending Machine
By:

1.Sharvari S. Kulkarni[S.Y.BTech] (Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000434)

2.Sonali D. Patil [S.Y.BTech] (Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000574)

3.Aditya R. Salunkhe [S.Y.BTech] (Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000720)

Under the guidance of:

Mrs. Minaj Shikalgar

Academic Year/Semester:2023-24.

Class &Program Name:

Second YearB.Tech.
(Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering).

Name Course & Code:

Mini Project Lab (UECC0410).
 KOLHAPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY’S
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS),
KOLHAPUR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project report entitled, “Reverse Vending

Machine” submitted by

1.Sharvari S. Kulkarni (Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000434)

2.Sonali D. Patil (Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000574)

3.Aditya R. Salunkhe (Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000720)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of “BTech” in “Electronics and

Telecommunication” at KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur, Maharashtra,

INDIA, is a record of their own work carried out under my supervision and

guidance.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. Y. M. Patil Mrs. Minaj Shikalgar

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Head, E&TC Department Asst. Professor

Department of Department of
Electronics and Telecommunication Electronics and Telecommunication

KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur, KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur,

Maharashtra, India. Maharashtra, India.
 KOLHAPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY’S
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS),
KOLHAPUR

DECLERATION
I hereby declare that the Project entitled, “Reverse Vending Machine”
submitted to KIT’s College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kolhapur,
Maharashtra, INDIA in the partial fulfilment of the award of the Degree of “S.Y.
BTECH” is a Bonafide work carried out by me. The material contained in this
project has been submitted to any University or Institute for the award of any
degree.

1.Sharvari S. Kulkarni

(Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000434)

2.Sonali D. Patil

(Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000574)

3.Aditya R. Salunkhe

(Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000720)

 KOLHAPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY’S
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS),
KOLHAPUR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All the thanks giving goes to the Head Of Electronics & Telecommunication

Department, our supervisor:-Mrs. Minaj Shikalgar, various authors of the refered

papers, all the lab assistants, all our dear friends with that all the other aspects

who have helped us towards achieving the success of the project.

NAME OF THE STUDENTS

1.Sharvari S. Kulkarni (Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000434)

2.Sonali D. Patil (Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000574)

3.Aditya R. Salunkhe (Div – B, PRN. no: 2223000720)

Place: KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur.

Date:
KOLHAPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY’S COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), KOLHAPUR

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the design and implementation of a reverse vending

machine (RVM) aimed at promoting sustainable waste management practices.
The RVM serves as a convenient solution for the collection and recycling of
beverage containers, incentivizing users through a deposit-return system. The
machine incorporates state-of-the-art technology, including sensors for material
recognition, a user-friendly interface, and secure payment processing. By
incentivizing recycling, the RVM contributes to reducing littering and conserving
resources, aligning with global sustainability goals. The implementation of such
technology underscores the importance of innovative solutions in addressing
environmental challenges and fostering a circular economy.

1
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr.No. Title PageNo.

1. Certificate. -

2. Declaration. -

3. Acknowledgements. -

4. Abstract. 1

5. Figure Index 3

6. Introduction. 4

7. Problem Statement. 5

8. Literature Review. 6

9. Objectives. 7

10. Design Methodology. 8

11. Components Required. 9-11

12. Results & Descriptions. 12-13

13. Conclusion. 14

14. Future Scope. 15

15. Reference. 16

2
 FIGURE INDEX

Fig no. Title Page no.

1. Block diagram 8
2. Flowchart 8
3. External structure of the circuit 13
4. Internal structure of the circuit 13

3
 INTRODUCTION

A smart machine for plastic and metal waste disposal is a system which accepts
Plastic waste cans (bottles) and metal cans for recycling and in return dispenses pints in
the wallet to the operator who recycles the waste. The reverse vending machine is
equipped with proximity sensor to distinguish between different kinds of bottles.
This invention relates in general to waste management and recycling the plastic and
metal waste (bottles) in the environment. The littering of plastic wastes in the
environment and less willingness to recycle the plastic presents a continuing problem to
environment and to all the living beings.
Nowadays, main problem caused by plastic pollution are waste and environmental
problems. The plastic is a material which is very long lasting if not properly treated.
Hence, the objective to simulate the vending machine is to effectively managing the
waste for recycling pur4pose and decrease the level of pollution.

4
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The waste management is a problem that is very challenging for the society to overcome. With
the help of every aspect of society this can be overcame in the further era if mankind. For the
great problem some of the unique solutions must be implemented. Hence introducing the
Reverse Vending Machine, Providing the unique solution on waste management in a unique
way.

5
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Noor Hasyimah Abu Rahim et.al.,[1]:
The construction of a reverse vending machine (RVM) with bottle-crushing capabilities to
destroy polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles is discussed in this paper. The PET bottles that are
returned are cut into smaller pieces to be used in the future recycling process. Capacitive sensors that can
identify bottles are part of the hardware, along with LCD status displays and an Arduino UNO controller
for all key Customers will receive compensation based on the quantity of empty PET bottles they feed
into this PET shredder RVM, which can shred standard-sized PET bottles.
Huma Zia et.al.,[2]:
In this study, To collect, identify, categorize, and sort old plastic bottles, they developed a low-
cost incentive-based RVM with a reward-based user application. The created RVM is made up of
sensors, a camera, a low-cost computer running a self designed mechanical arm and a straightforward
image processing algorithm. To support the RVM's basic computing setup, a lightweight Mobile-Net
model has been trained via transfer learning.
Yunchao Tang, Ming Zhu et.al.,[3]:
Nine recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube columns (RACSTCs) and one conventional
concrete-filled steel tube contrast column each underwent low cycle reciprocating load tests for this
investigation (OCSTC). The characteristics of interest ofsteel tubes were thought to be the wall thickness
and axial compression ratio. The failure mechanism, energy consumption performance, skeleton curve,
stiffness degradation, ductility coefficient and hysteresis performance were investigated in order to
compare the two types of columns.
Fadlil A, Umar R et.al.,[4]:
CNN (Convolutional neural networks) and SVM (support vector machines) are common
techniques used in this study for this instance. The data training procedure used by the two strategies to
accomplish categorization goals differs. Although there are some distinctions between both strategies,
both provide some benefits. In order to evaluate the two CNN and SVM methodologies, this study
examines the training methods that were employed and the classification accuracy results. Pre-
processing, training, and testing are the different process stages. Ten used objects are medium-sized,
unbranded trash plastic bottles with a total of 1100 pictures. Both methodologies offer benefits and
drawbacks in the data training and classification processes, according to the observations.
S. B. Z. Azami and M. Tanabian et.al.,[5]:
This paper discusses a mobile payment method where the vending machine doesn't need a
connection and where infrared is used for local communication (IR). By using IR to identify the cell
phone, the vending machine will be able to communicate with it by sending a message to the back-end
server. The transaction data can be supplemented with comprehensive inventory and telemetric data. The
back-end server decodes the message, processes the transaction, handles billing, and sends inventory
data to the vending machine operators.

6
 OBJECTIVES

The objectives of a Reverse Vending Machine detection, segregation, and reporting

system can vary depending on the context, but generally include:

1. Incentivized Recycling:
Incentive-based systems where users receive rewards for recycling are a core
function of RVMs. This includes incentives such as monetary refunds, coupons, or
tokens that can be redeemed at participating stores or online, creating a positive
feedback loop that reinforces the habit of recycling.

2. Engaging User Experience:

RVMs make recycling interactive and engaging, allowing consumers to actively
participate in the process of physically inserting products into the machine rather than
just throwing them into single-stream recycling bins, or worse still, the trash. This
hands-on approach fosters a sense of involvement and responsibility towards the
environment by encouraging individuals to be more mindful of their recycling habits
and the impact of their actions on the planet. This increased awareness often leads to
better recycling practices and a reduction in waste.

3. Education and Awareness:

The role played by RVMs as educational tools, especially for children and young
adults, should not be understated, since not only do they provide a tangible and visual
representation of the recycling process, but they also reinforce and demonstrate good
recycling habits. For example, if children witness the regular use of RVMs on weekly
shopping trips, they are more likely to practice these habits when adults

4. Efficient Material Sorting:

RVMs utilize advanced technology to identify and validate materials, clean and
sort the items, and separating them into different types such as plastic, glass, and metal.
This ensures that the recycling process begins with clean and sorted materials,
minimizing contamination down the line.

5. Reduced Contamination in Recycling Streams:

Efficient sorting also ensures that the materials collected are of higher quality
and less likely to be contaminated. This improves the overall recycling process and
leads to higher quality recycled materials.

7
 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Fig no.1
The operation of proposed Reverse Vending Machine has three main steps (Input step, Process
Step, Output Step) operation as follow:
• The user Can insert plastic of any shape in Reverse Vending Machine.
• After inserting the plastic, it is checked by Three Sensors First checked by Capacitive
proximity sensor, then by Infrared Photoelectric Sensor and at last checked by the strain
gauge weight sensor.
• After that he will get coins on the basis of Weight of Plastic.

START

• Alongside is the flowchart of

the operation of the reverse
vending machine.
RECEIVE ITEM
• It will carry on the operation
accordingly.
If Elseif
DETECT
Plastic metal detected
MATERIAL
MATERIAL
DETECTED

CARRY OUT CARRY OUT

LCD DISPLAY LCD DISPLAY

Plastic Metal

STOP
Fig no.2
8
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

SR.NO. COMPONENTS SPECIFICATIONS PRICE

Jumper wires (generic)

1 ---- Rs.100

Inductive Proximity
Sensor
2

15 mm Rs.1817

Buzzer

3 ---- Rs.10/pcs

9
 Ultrasonic Sensor

4 HC-SR04 (Generic) Rs.65/pcs

Arduino Mega 2560

5 ---- Rs.3250

Micro-servo motor

6 SG90 Rs.196

Battery

7 12 V, 9V Rs.150

10
 Alphanumeric LCD

8 16 x 2 Rs.300

Breadboard (generic)

9
---- Rs.80

Capacitive Proximity
Sensor

10
12 mm Rs.400

11
 RESULTS & DESCRIPTION
As we all have build the machine in a very primary manner after full fledge completion
the following results would be accomplished:

1. Collection and Transportation:

After being deposited into a recycling bin, the bottles and cans are collected by recycling trucks
and transported to recycling facilities.

2. Sorting and Cleaning:

At the facility, the recyclables are sorted based on material type using a combination of manual
labor and automated processes. Magnets and conveyor belts may be used to separate metals
from non-metals. Once sorted, the items go through a cleaning process to remove any
contaminants, such as labels, caps, and residual liquids.

3. Shredding and Crushing:

Bottles and cans are then mechanically shredded or sent to a crusher to reduce the size of the
materials and increase storage capacity. This increases surface area and aids in the subsequent
processing steps.

4. Melting or Molding:
For metal cans, the crushed pieces are typically melted down in a furnace. This molten metal
can then be molded into new products. For plastic bottles, the pieces are melted and reformed
into small pellets. These pellets serve as raw material for the production of a wide range of
plastic items. For glass, items are crushed and melted down.

5. Refining and Purification:

In some cases, especially with metals, there may be additional refining processes to remove
impurities and achieve the desired quality for manufacturing.

6. Manufacturing New Products:

The refined materials are then sent to manufacturers. They use these recycled materials as
feedstock to produce new bottles, cans, or other products.

7. Distribution and Sale:

The newly manufactured products are distributed to retailers, where consumers can purchase
them.

8. Reuse and Recycling Cycle Continues

When consumers finish using these newly manufactured bottles or cans, the cycle can repeat.
They can be recycled again and used to create even more products.
Looking forward to these the overall process of waste management is revolutionized.

12
PHOTOS:

Fig no:3.The External Structure

Fig No:4.The Internal Structure

13
 CONCLUSION
The rise of RVMs across the India is perhaps unsurprising given the challenges
currently faced by the waste management industry, and their success in other counties can be a
real-world example of how they might boost recycling rates. In addition, as the technology
develops, it’s likely that smart reverse vending machines will become more advanced, further
boosting the number of products that can be recycled, while simultaneously streamlining
collection, sorting, cleaning, and diversion of materials.
Finally, as a tangible way to engage individuals in the recycling process, positive
feedback loops that foster a culture of environmental responsibility can change attitudes and
perspectives towards disposable mindsets—helping to create a more sustainable world for us
all.

14
 FUTURE SCOPE

The vending machine industry is driven by technological advancements and

changing consumer preferences, which are excitingly shaping the industry. Within the next
year, vending machines are expected to be smarter, more connected, more sustainable, and
more health conscious. These developments are expected to integrate vending machines
into our daily lives and help offer products and services that contribute to broader societal
goals.

15
 REFERENCES

[1] N. H. A. Rahim and A.N. H. M. Khatib, “Development of PET bottle shredder reverse
vending machine,” International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering
Exploration, vol. 8, no. 74, pp. 24–33, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.19101/IJATEE.2020.S2762167.

[2] H. Zia et al., “Plastic Waste Management through the Development of a Low Cost and Light
Weight Deep Learning Based Reverse Vending Machine,” Recycling, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 70, Sep.
2022, doi: 10.3390/recycling7050070.

[3] Y. Tang et al., “Seismic performance evaluation of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel
tubular columns with field strain detected via a novel mark-free vision method,” Structures, vol.
37, pp. 426– 441, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2021.12.055.

[4] A. Fadlil, R. Umar, Sunardi and A.S Nugroho, “The Comparison of Machine Learning
Approach for Waste bottle Engineering (EIConRus), Jan. 2018, pp. 1094–1098. doi:
10.1109/EIConRus.2018.8317281.

[5] S. B. Z. Azami and M. Tanabian, “Automatic mobile payment on a non-connected vending

machine,” in Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004 (IEEE Cat.
No.04CH37513), pp. 731–734. doi: 10.1109/CCECE.2004.1345218.

16