Unit 5

Fundamentals of Internet
5.1 Overview of Internet, Intranet and types
5.2 World Wide Web (WWW),
5.3 Website Basics - WebPages(static and dynamic), HyperText,
Web browser, Web Servers, Web Hosting, Web Portal, Domain name server
5.4 Overview of Client & Server Side Scripting, Applications of Internet

e Internet
e The Internet is a global network that connects billions of computers across the
world with each other

and to the World Wide Web. It uses the standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
connect billions
of computer users worldwide. It is set up by using cables such as optical fibers
and other wireless and
networking technologies. At present, the internet is the fastest means of sending
or exchanging
information and data between computers across the world.

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Features of Internet

Provides access to information: The Internet is the biggest encyclopedia of

information. It consists
of a huge repository of information through websites, digital libraries, scientific
papers and articles.
Information exchange: It serves as a platform where information can be exchanged
among people

from any corner of the world.

Helps in Networking: The Internet provides platforms where people can connect and
network with

other people. This helps in building networks and socializing.

e Advantages of the Internet:

e Online Banking and Transaction: The Internet allows us to transfer money online
through the net

banking system. Money can be credited or debited from one account to the other.

Education, Online Jobs, Freelancing: Through the Internet, we are able to get more
jobs via online
platforms like Linkedin and to reach more job providers. Freelancing on the other
hand has helped

the youth to earn a side income and the best part is all this can be done via the
INTERN!

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eT.

Entertainment: There are numerous options for entertainment online. We can listen
to music, play

games, watch movies, and web series, and listen to podcasts. Youtube itself is a
hub of
well as entertainment.

knowledge as

New Job Roles: The Internet has given us access to social media, and digital
products so we are
having numerous new job opportunities like digital marketing and social media
marketing online
businesses are earning huge amounts of money just because the Internet is the
medium to help us to

do so.

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Best Communication Medium: The communication barrier has been removed from the
Internet.
You can send messages via email, Whatsapp, and Facebook. Voice chatting and video
conferencing
are also available to help you to do important meetings online.

GPS Tracking and google maps: Yet another advantage of the internet is that you are
able to find
any road in any direction, and areas with less traffic with the help of GPS on your
mobile.

e Disadvantages of the Internet:

e Time Wastage: Wasting too much time on the internet surfing social media apps and
doing nothing

decreases your productivity. Rather than wasting time on scrolling social media
apps one should
utilize that time in doing something skillful and even more productive.

Bad Impacts on Health: Spending too much time on the internet causes bad impacts on
your health.
Your physical body needs some outdoor games, exercise and many more things. Looking
at the
screen for a longer duration causes serious impacts on the eyes.

Cyber Crimes: Cyberbullying, spam, viruses, hacking, and stealing data are some of
the crimes
which are on the verge these days. Your system which contains all the confidential
data can be easily
hacked by cybercriminals.

e Intranet and types

e An intranet is a kind of private network. For example, an intranet is used by
different

organizations and only members/staff of that organization have access to this. It

is a system in
which multiple computers of an organization (or the computers you want to connect)
are connected
through an intranet. As this 1s a private network, so no one from the outside world
can access this
network. So many organizations and companies have their intranet network and only
its members and

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staff have access to this network. This is also used to protect your data and
provide data security to a
particular organization, as it 1s a private network and does not leak data to the
outside world.

e Working of Intranet
e An intranet is a network confined to a company, school, or organization that
works like the Internet.

e Here in this diagram, a company or an organization has created its private

network or intranet for its
work(intranet network is under the circle). The company or organization has many
employees(in this
diagram, we have considered 3). So, for their access, they have PC 1, PC 2, and PC
3(In the real
world there are many employees as per the requirements of an organization). Also,
they have their
server for files or data to store, and to protect this private network, there is a
Firewall. This firewall

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protects and gives security to the intranet server and its data from getting leaked
to any unwanted
user. So, a user who has access to the intranet can only access this network. So,
no one from the
outside world can access this network. Also, an intranet user can access the
internet but a person
using the internet cannot access the intranet network.

Advantages of Intranet

In the intranet, the cost of conveying data utilizing the intranet is very low.

Using intranet employees can easily get data anytime and anywhere.

It is easy to learn and use.

It can be utilized as a correspondence center point where employees can store data
at whatever point
they need and download files in just a few seconds.

It connects employees with each other.

The documents stored on the intranet are much more secure.

Disadvantages of Intranet

The expense of actualizing intranets is normally high.

The staff of the company or organization require special training to know how to
use the system.
Data overloading.

Although the intranet provides good security, it still lacks in some places.

Types of Intranets

Corporate Intranet: A corporate intranet is the main platform for internal

communication and
cooperation inside a firm. It gives employees access to internal materials,
including corporate news,
guidelines, and records. Corporate intranets often feature tools for internal
messaging, file sharing,

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project management, and employee directories. They foster a centralized hub for
employees to stay
informed, collaborate on projects, and access essential information about their
roles.

Departmental Intranet: Departmental intranets are made to meet the needs of certain
teams or
departments inside an organization. They provide specialized features and resources
to meet the
demands of a certain department, such as sales, marketing, or human resources.
These intranets allow
departments to have dedicated communication channels, document repositories, and
collaboration
tools, enabling streamlined workflows and focused collaboration within the
department.

Enterprise Intranet: An enterprise intranet connects multiple organizations or

subsidiaries within a
larger corporate structure. It provides a platform for sharing information,
resources, and knowledge
across different entities. Enterprise intranets facilitate collaboration,
coordination, and alignment of
processes and strategies among different organizations or subsidiaries within the
same corporate
umbrella.

Virtual Private Intranet (VPN): Remote workers can safely access an intranet's
internal resources
via a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The data transmission between the remote user
and the intranet
server 1s encrypted when a VPN establishes a secure connection over the internet.
This guarantees
that private information is kept secure and private when workers are working
remotely for the
company.

Extranet-Enabled Intranet: An extranet-enabled intranet extends access to external

parties, such as
clients, partners, or vendors, to specific intranet sections with proper
authorization. This type of
intranet allows external stakeholders to collaborate, access shared documents or
project information,
and participate in discussions while maintaining control over the information they
can access.

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Extranet-enabled intranets enhance collaboration with external parties, fostering
stronger business
relationships and streamlined workflows.

e Cloud-Based Intranet: A cloud-based intranet 1s accessed via web browsers or

specific apps and 1s
hosted on a cloud computing platform. It provides scalability, flexibility, and
remote access options.
Intranets built on the cloud do not require on-site infrastructure or maintenance.
They let employees
access the intranet from any device with an internet connection, making them the
perfect solution for
organizations with geographically distributed teams and remote work circumstances.

e Difference Between the Internet and Intranet

Internet Intranet

The Internet is used to connect Intranet is owned by private firms.

different networks of computers

simultaneously.

On the internet, there are multiple On an intranet, there are limited users.
users.

The Internet is unsafe. The Internet is safe.

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On the internet, there are more
number of visitors.

The Internet is a public network.

Anyone can access the Internet.

The Internet provides unlimited

information.

Using Social media on your phone or

researching resources via Google.

The Internet 1s a global network that

connects millions of devices and
computers worldwide.

It is open to everyone and allows

access to public information, such as
websites and online services.

In the intranet, there is less number of visitors.

Intranet is a private network.

In this, anyone can’t access the Internet.

Intranet provides limited information.

A company used to communicate internally with

its employees and share information

An intranet is a private network that connects

devices and computers within an organization.

An intranet is only accessible to authorized

users within the organization.

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It is used for communication, sharing An intranet is primarily used for internal

of information, e-commerce, communication, collaboration, and information

education, entertainment, and other sharing within an organization.
purposes.

Users can access the Internet from any Access to an intranet is restricted to
authorized
location with an Internet connection — users within the organization and Is
typically
and a compatible device. limited to specific devices and locations.

Examples of Internet-based services | Examples of intranet-based services include

include email, social media, search internal communications, knowledge
engines, and online shopping sites. management systems, and collaboration tools

© World Wide Web (WWW)

e The World Wide Web (WWW), often called the Web, is a system of interconnected web
pages and
information that you can access using the Internet. It was created to help people
share and find
information easily, using links that connect different pages together. The Web
allows us to browse
websites, watch videos, shop online, and connect with others around the world
through our computers
and phones.

e All public websites or web pages that people may access on their local computers
and other devices
through the internet are collectively known as the World Wide Web or W3. Users can
get further

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information by navigating to links interconnecting these pages and documents. This
data may be
presented in text, picture, audio, or video formats on the internet.

WWW stands for World Wide Web and is commonly known as the Web. The WWW was started
by
CERN in 1989. WWW is defined as the collection of different websites around the
world, containing
different information shared via local servers(or computers).

Web pages are linked together using hyperlinks which are HTML-formatted and, also
referred to as
hypertext, these are the fundamental units of the Internet and are accessed through
Hypertext Transfer
Protocol(HTTP). Such digital connections, or links, allow users to easily access
desired information
by connecting relevant pieces of information.

© Working of WWW

A Web browser is used to access web pages. Web browsers can be defined as programs
which display
text, data, pictures, animation and video on the Internet. Hyperlinked resources on
the World Wide
Web can be accessed using software interfaces provided by Web browsers. Initially,
Web browsers
were used only for surfing the Web but now they have become more universal.

When users request web pages or other information, then the web browser of your
system request to
the server for the information and then the web server provides requested services
to the web

browser back and finally the requested service is utilized by the user who made the
request.
Features of WWW

HyperText Information System

Hypertext 1s a system for linking related text documents that allow the
participation of multiple users.
In a hypertext document, any word or phrase can be “hyperlinked” to information
related to that word
or phrase residing in the same document or another document.

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Cross-Platform

Cross-platform apps are the ones with built-in web languages (like JavaScript) that
can be later pulled
(f.e. through React Native) as native apps able to work on any operating system and
device.

Cross-platform apps are great when you want to : Build your app 50% faster. Build
one app for both
1OS and Android.

Distributed

WWW 1s a distributed client-server service. In this, a client can access the

services from a server
using a browser. These services are usually distributed over many locations called
sites or websites.
From the user's point of view, the web consists of a vast worldwide collection of
documents called
web pages.

Open Standards and Open Source

WWW provides the features of Open standards and Open source. An open standard is a
standard that
is freely available for adoption, implementation, and updates. A few famous
examples of open
standards are XML, SQL, and HTML.

Businesses within an industry share open standards because this allows them to
bring huge value to
both themselves and their customers.

Open-source software 1s computer software that 1s released under a license in which

the copyright
holder grants users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software
and its source code to
anyone and for any purpose.

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Website Basics - WebPages(static and dynamic); HyperText,Web browser, Web Servers;
Web
Hosting, Web Portal, Domain name server

e Webpages(Static and Dynamic)

e A web page is a digital document that 1s linked to the World Wide Web and
viewable by anyone

connected to the internet having a web browser. It can contain any type of
information, such as text,
color, graphics, animations, videos, sounds, etc.

e Static Web Pages

e Static web pages are HTML pages that do not change their content or appearance
when they are

accessed by different users or at different times. They are designed to display the
same information to
all users and do not include any interactive elements or dynamic content.

Static web pages are typically used for basic information websites, such as
brochure-style websites or
personal websites, where the content does not need to change frequently. They are
also used for
content that does not require any user input or interaction, such as text, images,
and other media.
Creating a static web page typically involves writing HTML code and linking to
external resources,
such as images and stylesheets. Static web pages can be created and edited using a
text editor or a
specialized HTML editor. They are typically hosted on a web server and accessed
through a web
browser.

Static web pages are simple and easy to create, but they do not offer the same
level of interactivity
and functionality as dynamic web pages. Dynamic web pages are generated by the
server in real-time
and can include interactive elements and dynamic content that changes based on user
input or other
variables.

Dynamic Webpage

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Dynamic websites are those that generate web pages in real-time. Web scripting
code, such as PHP or
ASP, is used on these pages. The Web server parses the code, and the generated HTML
is transmitted
to the client's browser when a client requests a dynamic page.

As dynamic websites are easier to maintain than static websites, the majority of
large websites are
dynamic. Static pages have their own set of content, hence they must be manually
opened, changed,
and published whenever they are updated.

Dynamic pages, on the other hand, use a database to store the data. As a result,
the webmaster may
need to edit a database record to change the content of a dynamic page. This ts
particularly useful for
sites with hundreds or thousands of pages. It also allows numerous users to update
a website's content
without having to change the page layout.

Difference between static and dynamic web pages.

Static Web Page Dynamic Web Page

In static web pages, Pages will remain the In dynamic web pages, Content of pages
same until someone changes it manually. are different for different visitors.

Static Web Pages are simple in terms of Dynamic web pages are complicated.
complexity.

In static web pages, Information is rarely — In dynamic web pages, Information 1s

changed. changed frequently.

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Static Web Page takes less time for loading Dynamic web pages take more time for

than dynamic web page. loading.

In Static Web Pages, the database is not In dynamic web pages, databases are used.
used.

Static web pages are written in languages § Dynamic web pages are written in

such as: HTML, JavaScript, CSS, etc. languages such as: CGI, AJAX, ASP,
ASP.NET. etc.

Static web pages do not contain any Dynamic web pages contain application

application program . programs for different services.

Static web pages require less work and cost Dynamic web pages require comparatively
in designing them. more work and cost in designing them.

e Hypertext

e Hypertext is a cross referencing tool which connects the links to other text
using hyperlinks.
Hypertext 1s non-linear and multi sequential and it is different from our normal
text. By the help of

hypertext one organized way is achieved to present information. This makes the user
move from one
part of the information to another part of the information which is on the same
page or any other
page. It makes the documentation simple by providing a way to easily access the end
user.

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Example of Hypertext is that GeeksForGeeks is a computer science portal, when we
read one article
it uses hypertext to link other pages and when we click on that hypertext it takes
to us to that page so
that we can gather more information related to the topic.

e Web browser
e A browser is a software program that is used to explore, retrieve, and display
the information

available on the World Wide Web. This information may be in the form of pictures,
web pages,
videos, and other files that all are connected via hyperlinks and categorized with
the help of URLs
(Uniform Resource Identifiers). For example, you are viewing this page by using a
browser.

A browser is a client program as it runs on a user computer or mobile device and

contacts the web
server for the information requested by the user. The web server sends the data
back to the browser
that displays the results on internet supported devices. On behalf of the users,
the browser sends
requests to web servers all over the internet by using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol). A browser
requires a smartphone, computer, or tablet and internet to work.

Web Servers

Web Servers

Web Server Browser

HTTP REQUEST

HTTP RESPONSE

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Web pages are a collection of data, including images, text files, hyperlinks,
database files etc., all
located on some computer (also known as server space) on the Internet. A web server
is dedicated
software that runs on the server-side. When any user requests their web browser to
run any web page,
the webserver places all the data materials together into an organized web page and
forwards them
back to the web browser with the help of the Internet.

This intercommunication of a web server with a web browser is done with the help of
a protocol
named HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). These stored web pages mostly use static
content,
containing HTML documents, images, style sheets, text files, etc. However, web
servers can serve
static as well as dynamic contents. Web Servers also assists in emailing services
and storing files.
Therefore it also uses SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer
Protocol)
protocols to support the respective services. Web servers are mainly used in web
hosting or hosting
the website's data and running web-based applications.

The hardware of the web servers are connected to the Internet that manages the data
exchange facility
within different connected devices. In contrast, the software of web server
software is responsible for
controlling how a user accesses delivered files. Typically, web server management
is an ideal
example of the client/server model. Therefore, it is compulsory for all computers
that host
websites (whether with state or dynamic web page content) to have web server
software.

e Web Hosting
e Web hosting is a service that allows us to put a website or a web page onto the
Internet, and make it a

part of the World Wide Web. Once a website is created using a hardware server, we
need to connect it
to the Internet so that users across the globe can access it. On the other hand, we
can rent server
resources (CPU, RAM, and storage) from a cloud service provider and host our
locally created

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website there. This is done by uploading the files constituting the website (HTML,
CSS, JavaScript,
images, databases, etc.) from the local computer onto the space allocated on the
server.
WebPortal

e The term web portal refers to a management system for knowledge and data that 1s
capable of

delivering the facility to various companies and organizations for building,

sharing, interchanging,
and reusing their data. A web portal is a private type of location present on the
internet. One needs a
unique web address (URL), along with an id and a password for retrieving a web
portal. The content
present within is very secured and protected. It is specific to the users, and the
overall interface can
be both- public or private.

A web portal allows a user to access multiple roles. The content present in such
portals are dynamic
in nature, and they change very frequently. The overall visibility of the content
present in it changes
from one person to another. In other words, the knowledge and data contained can be
unique to
specific users based on the group member settings. Web portals collect their
content from a variety of
sources that are diverse.

Domain name server

e All the websites on the Internet have unique names associated with them. To
launch a website, we

must have a unique domain name. To avoid any conflict within the names of the
websites the concept
of domain names was developed.

Certain websites have .ac which indicates academic organizations and .in suffixed
to their name
indicating that they belong to India, for example, www.ignou.ac.in,
www.ncert.nic.in, and many
more

websites having .au as a suffix to indicate Australia, .jp to indicate Japan, and
so on. However, there
is no such suffix for the USA

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A domain can be generic or according to the names of the country. Some common
domain names are
1. in— stands for India (country name)

2. gov— indicates government agencies

3. net— network organizations

4. org— non-profit organizations
5. edu— educational organizations
6. com— commercial organizations
7. mil military or defense

To translate a numeric IP address that identifies a computer on the Internet to a

domain name that is
convenient for the user to remember, a mapping is needed between the IP addresses
and domain
names.
A domain Name System (DNS) server is a computer having a database that stores the
IP addresses
and their domain names. Whenever a user uses the domain name, DNS translates it
into its
corresponding IP address, to access the computer on the Internet. For example, DNS
translates
google.com to the IP address of the computer that houses Google.

e Overview of Client & Server Side Scripting, Applications of Internet

e Client side scripting
e Client-side scripting generates code that may be executed on the client end
without needing

server-side processing. These scripts are typically embedded into HTML text.
Client-side scripting
may be utilized to check the user's form for problems before submitting it and to
change the content
based on the user input. The web needs three components to function: client,
database, and server.

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The client-side scripting may significantly reduce server demand. It is intended to
be utilized as a
scripting language with a web browser as the host program. The H7'ML and CSS are
delivered as
plain text when a user uses a browser to request a webpage from the server, and the
browser
understands and renders the web content at the client end.

Advantages of Client Side Scripting

Faster page load times: Client-side scripting can greatly reduce the amount of data
sent between the client
and the server, resulting in faster page load times.

Improved User Experience: Client-side scripting provides a more interactive and

dynamic user experience
with features such as form validation, live updates, and animations.

Reduced Server Load: By moving some of the processing to the client-side, the
workload on the server is
reduced, leading to improved performance and scalability.

Cross-platform compatibility: Client-side scripting is supported by all major

browsers, making it
platform-independent and accessible to a wide range of users.

Ease of Development: Client-side scripting languages such as JavaScript are

relatively easy to learn and
use, making them accessible to a wide range of developers.

Enhanced Security: Client-side scripting helps to improve the overall security of a

web application by
reducing the amount of sensitive information that is sent to the server.

Real-time updates: Client-side scripting enables real-time updates and information

displays, making the
web application more responsive and providing a better user experience.

Disadvantages of Client Side Scripting

Browser compatibility issues: Different browsers may interpret and execute client-
side scripts differently,
leading to compatibility issues and potential errors.

Dependence on client device: The functionality of client-side scripting is

dependent on the client's device
and browser, and may not work properly if the device or browser is not up-to-date.

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Limited functionality: The functionality of client-side scripting is limited by the
capabilities of the client's
device and browser, making it unsuitable for complex or resource-intensive
operations.

e Server-Side Scripting
e Server-side scripting, also known as back-end programming, is crucial for web
applications, enabling

e Customization of content and o

the handling of extensive data and operations on the server. This approach allows
for:
fers based on user behavior, providing personalized experiences.

e Dynamic generation of web content by managing large databases, crucial for sites
with extensive

product listings like e-commerce platforms.

e In-depth analysis of user data to tailor content and recommendations, enhancing

decision-making.
e Direct communication with users through personalized notifications and messages,
improving

engagement.

e Seamless continuation of user activities across sessions, enhancing the overall

user experience.
e Key languages for server-side development include PHP, Node.js, C#, Ruby, and
Python, each

‘|

offering distinct features for robust back-end solutions.

Advantages of Server Side Scripting

Security: Server-side scripting provides an extra layer of security as the

sensitive information is
stored and processed on the server, making it more difficult for malicious actors
to access sensitive
data.

Scalability: Server-side scripting is more scalable than client-side scripting as

it can handle a large
number of requests and traffic without affecting the performance of the website.

Dynamic Content: Server-side scripting enables the creation of dynamic content,

which can change
based on user input or other factors, making websites more interactive and
engaging.

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Cross-Platform Compatibility: Server-side scripting is not affected by the type of
platform or
device being used, ensuring a consistent user experience across all devices.

Server-SideProcessing Power: The server has more processing power than the client's
browser,
making it ideal for complex calculations and data processing.

Better Performance: Server-side scripting can reduce the load on the client's
browser and improve
the overall performance of the website.

Centralized Data Management: Server-side scripting allows for centralized data

management,
making it easier to manage and maintain the website's data and content.

Disadvantages of Server Side Scripting

Server Dependence: Server-side scripting relies on a functioning server to generate

dynamic
content, so if the server is down, the website may not be accessible.

Slower Load Times: Server-side scripting can result in slower load times compared
to client-side
scripting, as the server needs to process the request and generate the content
before it 1s sent to the
client.

Higher Server Load: Server-side scripting puts more strain on the server,
increasing the risk of
server crashes or slowdowns when handling a large number of requests.

Higher Costs: Server-side scripting often requires more powerful and expensive
servers, which can
lead to higher hosting costs for websites.

Limited Interactivity: Server-side scripting does not offer as much interactivity

as client-side
scripting, as the script is executed on the server and not on the client's browser.

Maintenance and Updating: Server-side scripting requires regular maintenance and

updates to
ensure the server remains secure and the website remains functional.

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e Difference between Client & Server Side Scripting

Features

Primary Function

Uses

Processing

Security

Running

Dependability

Server-side Scripting

The main function of this

scripting is to manipulate and
grant access to the requested
database.

It is employed at the backend,

where the source code is
invisible on the client side.

It needs server interaction.

It is more secure while working

on a web app.

It executes on the web server.

It doesn't depend on the client.

Client-side Scripting

The main purpose of this

scripting is to give the
requested output to the
end-user.

It is utilized at the front end,

which users may view
through the browser.

It doesn't need any server

interaction.

It is less secure than

server-side scripting due to
the code accessibility offered
to the client.

It executes on the remote

computer system.

It depends on the user's

browser version.

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File Access

Code Allowance

Occurrence

Affect

Languages
Involved

e Application of Internet

It offers complete access to the

file that is stored in the web
database server.

It enables the backend developer

to hide the source code from the
user.

It only responds after the user

begins the browsing request.

It may reduce the server load.

The server-side scripting

programming languages, such as

PHP, Python, ASP.net, Java,

C++, Ruby, C#, etc.

It doesn't offer any access to

the files on the web servers.

The user is given access to the

written code after confirming
their requirements.

It happens when the browser

processes all of the codes and
then acts according to the
client's needs.

It may effectively customize

web pages and offer dynamic
websites.

Its programming languages

are HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript.

e The Internet is a global networking system that can be used on most devices
nowadays and has

become an essential part of our lives. In today's technological era, most of the
companies are getting

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their operations done over the Internet. There are various uses of the Internet by
which companies
and individuals are making their daily tasks more productive and more comfortable.

Ne, >

Oe,
Job We’

Search

Electronic

Mail Entertainment
<a
Aas

Research

: E-
an Commerce

Online

Banking - File
& Trading Transfer

Uses of Internet

Education
Navigation

cashless a
Transactions, Sea Ch eis Advertising

Online Real-

time
updates

Booking
& Orders

e Online Booking & Orders

e The Internet has made it a lot easier for people to book tickets for buses,
trains, flights
(domestic and international) directly using their devices from anywhere. People can
also book a
taxi by choosing their current location, and they will be picked up or dropped at a
specified
location. Now no one needs to wait in long queues for their turn to book tickets at
the ticket
counter.

Prepared by: Prof. Meghavi Dave

Besides, people can order a wide variety of products at home using the Internet and
devices. It
can range from grocery products to ready to eat, fashionable clothes to medicines.
Most items
can be ordered at home and received directly at the door.

e Cashless Transactions

Most countries are promoting cashless transactions and digital payments. This helps
people not
carry much cash. People can pay their bills through debit or credit cards using POS
devices.
These devices are connected to the payment gateway on the Internet. Besides, People
can also
use their smartphone and the Internet for processing transactions on UPI (Unified
Payment
Interface). It does not even require them to carry their cards. The UPI payment
method 1s
continuously evolving and is expected to cover most transactions in the near
future.

Education

e Most of the devices nowadays are connected through the Internet. The Internet has
the

availability of broad educational content on any topic with different types. People
can study the
relevant topic just by spending a couple of minutes over the Internet. Internet
Search engines
help people quickly find the relevant study material in multiple formats (such as
images,
videos, documents, etc.). This helps eliminate the need to go to the library to
read several books
to find the desired information.

Besides, the Internet has also enabled students to participate in their classes
through video
conferencing, where students can connect with their teachers or professionals
anywhere in the
world.

Online Banking & Trading

e The way of banking has changed after the introduction of the Internet. The
Internet has made

banking online where people can manage their bank accounts while sitting at home or
traveling

Prepared by: Prof. Meghavi Dave

abroad. Nowadays, most of the features of banking are right in people's hands. With
the help of
online banking, people can securely transfer the money from one account to another,
change
their ATM pins, apply for the physical or virtual credit cards, update credit card
limits, enable
or disable international transactions, track their transactions, and many more.
Also, they can
even raise an online complaint or contact the bank's support staff.

Apart from this, the Internet has made it a lot easier for people to trade in the
Stock market
from anywhere. People can easily buy, sell, or manage stocks online.

Research

The Internet is playing a significant role in the field of research. Before the use
of the Internet,
it was quite hard to look for information about anything. People had to go through
hundreds of
books for references to find the desired information. However, the Internet has
made it a lot
easier, and anyone can find the required information at some clicks only. In
research, people
can study about the success and failed research and work further for the
improvements. Uses of
the Internet in research have been incredibly beneficial for the researchers.

e Electronic Mail

mail or electronic mail is one of the first significant uses of the Internet. The
email has enabled
faster communication between people on the Internet. Using email, people can
quickly share
information, data files, such as images, audio, video, and other types of files.
The use of email
has significantly reduced paper use, which was the primary source of communication
in the
olden days. Anyone can have a free email address and can easily communicate with
others.

This has also reduced the load on the physical mail system, although it is still in
use.
Job Search

Prepared by: Prof. Meghavi Dave

e Getting a job 1s a lot easier than before. Any person can view relevant job
information using the
Internet. Earlier, people had to go through each company individually to know if a
position was
vacant or not. However, the Internet has enabled people to find employment sitting
at home to
suit their interests. Many websites provide details about job availability. Once
people submit
their resumes, these websites keep informing about vacancies through email.
Besides, each
well-known company has its website, where the company posts about the vacancy
opening. So,
just sitting at home, people can search, apply for jobs and even give their
interviews and see or
know their results.

e Social Networking

e Social networking sites have connected people around the world. Social networking
is an
essential part of the Internet. With the help of the Internet, people have got the
ability to form
social groups where they can share information, thoughts and ideas about anything.
The social
networking platform is the largest source of content, covering everything from
informative
content to entertainment. The best thing is that people don't have to pay anything
to use these
services. This helps businesses develop their community and promote their products.

e Entertainment

e The Internet is the most effective means of entertainment. There are various
options available
on the Internet, which people can try, such as watching movies, playing online
games, listening
to songs, etc. The Internet has also made it easy for people to download
entertainment items to
their local storage. Using the Internet, people can also share their videos, songs,
and pictures
online with others. Also, nowadays, people can watch live T’'V or sports on the
Internet.

e E-Commerce

Prepared by: Prof. Meghavi Dave

The Internet is not just limited to ordering things; it can also be used to sell
products. Many
e-commerce websites allow businesses and individuals to sell their products.
Products are
purchased by these e-commerce companies, stored in their warehouses, packaged in
their brand
packaging, and distributed by themselves. E-commerce companies charge some
commission to
distribute goods to customers. Also, they offer great discounts and offers to
customers. The best
thing is that customers do not have to go to physical stores.

Besides, sellers can also create their website and list their products there. They
can refer to all
information about the product, answer customer questions and provide online payment
options
to their customers. All these things are possible on the Internet.

e Navigation
e The navigation mechanism is one of the most beneficial uses of the Internet. Once
a user put

the location in the online maps (such as Google maps), it provides all the details
about that
location. Users can even find the best route to visit that particular location. The
map also
provides the distance between the locations. The best thing about navigation is
that it will
provide the shortest possible route with less traffic. One can also search for any
specific place
like the nearest hotel, restaurants, banks, ATM, etc. Apart from this, a person can
share a live
location with others using the Internet and the navigation technique.

Advertising

Because most people use the Internet, it is the best means of promoting something
or
advertising. There are options for paid promotion as well as free promotion. There
are many
advertising platforms on the Internet that help promote products or businesses
online. These
platforms advertise products on other related websites using banners, videos, email
etc. They
charge for these advertisements according to distance, keywords and audience etc.
However,

Prepared by: Prof. Meghavi Dave

one can also use social media platforms to create online groups or communities and
advertise
freely.

e Real-time updates

The Internet is helping people to keep up with what is happening around the world.
Many news
and information websites provide real-time updates on various categories, such as
politics,
history, news, geology, leisure, sports, technology, marketing, and more. One can
easily select
the category of interest and stay connected with updates. The presence of e-
newspapers and
magazines is updating people and helping to cut paper usage.

Prepared by: Prof. Meghavi Dave