Session – 6 Assignment
Name: 92000103080
Enrollment No: Viral Gajera
AIM: To analyse VI characteristics of Zener Diode and design voltage regulator.
Objective:
1. To analyse forward and reverse bias characteristic of Zener diode.
2. To understand need of load and line regulations.
3. To build and analyse Zener voltage regulator.
Outcome: Students will be able to,
1. Analyse the behaviour of zener diode in practical applications.
2. Calculate load regulation and line regulation.
3. Design voltage regulator circuits using zener diode.
4. Learn the various terminologies like zener knee current(Izk) and maximum zener
current(Izmax).
Apparatus:
1. Zener Diodes 1N4738A
2. 470Ω Resistor
3. DC power Supply
4. CRO/Multimeters
Task-1 VI characteristics of Zener Diode as a forward bias:
Sample Circuit diagram:
Simulation circuit in Multisim:
VI Characteristics curve for Zener diode as a forward bias:
Observation Table:
Forward Bias:
Supply Voltage Vs Diode Forward Voltage Drop Diode Forward Current
(Volts) Vd (Volts) Id (mile-ampere)
0 0V 0A
0.1 100 mV 337.23 pA
0.2 199.995 mV 11.691 nA
0.3 299.744 mV 544.009 nA
0.4 391.22 mV 18.68 uA
0.5 440.648 mV 126.28 uA
0.6 462.397 mV 292.771 uA
0.7 475.104 mV 478.502 uA
0.8 483.908 mV 672.536 uA
0.9 490.598 mV 871.067 uA
1 495.976 mV 1.072 mA
1.2 504.312 mV 1.48 mA
1.4 510.664 mV 1.892 mA
1.6 515.789 mV 2.307 mA
1.8 520.082 mV 2.723 mA
2 523.773 mV 3.141 mA
Reverse Bias:
Supply Voltage Diode Reverse Voltage Drop Diode Reverse
Vs (Volts) Vd (Volts) Saturation Current
Is (micro-ampere)
0 0V 0A
1 1V 999.201 pA
2 2V 1.998 nA
3 3V 3.02 nA
4 4V 3.997 nA
5 5V 4.974 nA
6 6V 6.04 nA
7 7V 7.017 nA
8 7.995 V 11.203 uA
9 8.127 V 1.858 mA
10 8.146 V 3.944 mA
11 8.157 V 6.048 mA
12 8.165 V 8.159 mA
13 8.171 V 10.274 mA
14 8.176 V 12.391 mA
15 8.18 V 14.51 mA
Task-2 Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator (Line Regulation): simulate in Multisim
Circuit diagram:
Keep RL = 500 Ω
Keep RS = 470 Ω
Simulation circuit in Multisim:
Observation:
VDC Is IZ IL VRL = Vo
0 0A 0A 0A 0V
1 1.031 mA 0A 1.031 mA 515.464 mV
2 2.062 mA 0A 2.062 mA 1.031 V
3 3.093 mA 0A 3.093 mA 1.546 V
4 4.124 mA 0A 4.124 mA 2.062 V
5 5.155 mA 0A 5.155 mA 2.577 V
6 6.186 mA 0A 6.186 mA 3.093 V
7 7.216 mA 0A 7.216 mA 3.608 V
8 8.247 mA 0A 8.247 mA 4.124 V
9 9.278 mA 0A 9.278 mA 4.639 V
10 10.309 mA 0A 10.309 mA 5.155 V
11 11.34 mA 0A 11.34 mA 5.67 V
12 12.371 mA 0A 12.371 mA 6.186 V
13 13.402 mA 0A 13.402 mA 6.701 V
14 14.433 mA 0A 14.433 mA 7.216 V
15 15.464 mA 355.271 pA 15.464 mA 7.732 V
16 16.812 mA 615.263 uA 16.197 mA 8.098 V
17 18.861 mA 2.589 mA 16.271 mA 8.136 V
18 20.956 mA 4.655 mA 16.301 mA 8.151 V
19 23.063 mA 6.743 mA 16.321 mA 8.16 V
20 25.176 mA 8.841 mA 16.335 mA 8.167 V
Input voltage vs Output voltage Graph (Vi → VRL):
Input voltage vs Zener diode current Graph (Vi → Iz ):
Task-3 Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator (Load Regulation):
Circuit diagram:
Keep VDC = 12 V
Simulation circuit in Multisim:
Observation:
RL Is IZ IL VRL = Voutput
100 Ω 21.053 mA 0A 21.053 mA 2.105 V
200 Ω 17.91 mA 0A 17.91 mA 3.582 V
300 Ω 15.584 mA 0A 15.584 mA 4.675 V
400 Ω 13.793 mA 0A 13.793 mA 5.517 V
500 Ω 12.371 mA 0A 12.371 mA 6.186 V
600 Ω 11.215 mA 0A 11.215 mA 6.729 V
700 Ω 10.256 mA 0A 10.256 mA 7.179 V
800 Ω 9.449 mA 0A 9.449 mA 7.559 V
900 Ω 8.759 mA 149.895 nA 8.759 mA 7.883 V
1000 Ω 8.347mA 269.704 uA 8.077 mA 8.077 V
1100 Ω 8.28 mA 908.582 uA 7.371 mA 8.108 V
Load Resistance vs Output voltage Graph (IL→ VRL):
Conclusion:
Zener diode can use as voltage regulator in reverse bias. In forward it acts like normal diode.
