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    Topic 6.5 Disposal of Waster Water Effluent

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    Topic 6.5 Disposal of Waster Water Effluent

    Uploaded by

    ochiengsteve7286
    6 views2 pages

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    6 views2 pages

    Topic 6.5 Disposal of Waster Water Effluent

    Uploaded by

    ochiengsteve7286

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    DISPOSAL OF TREATED WASTEWATER EFFLUENT

    Natural Evaporation
    The process involves large impoundments with no discharge. Depending on the climatic
    conditions large impoundments may be necessary if precipitation exceeds evaporation.
    Therefore, considerations must be given to net evaporation, storage requirements, and possible
    percolation and groundwater pollution. This method is particularly beneficial where recovery of
    residues is desirable such as for disposal of brines.

    Groundwater Recharge
    Methods for groundwater recharge include rapid infiltration by effluent application or
    impoundment, intermittent percolation, and direct injection. In all cases risks for groundwater
    pollution exists. Furthermore, direct injection implies high costs of treating effluent and injection
    facilities.

    Irrigation
    Irrigation has been practiced primarily as a substitute for scarce natural waters or sparse rainfall
    in arid areas. In most cases food chain crops (i.e. crops consumed by humans and those animals
    whose products are consumed by humans) may not be irrigated by effluent. However, field crops
    such as cotton, sugar beets, and crops for seed production are grown with wastewater effluent.
    Wastewater effluent has been used for watering parks, golf courses and highway medians.

    Recreational Lakes
    The effluent from the secondary treatment facility is stored in a lagoon for approximately 30
    days. The effluent from the lagoon is chlorinated and then percolated through an area of sand and
    gravel, through which it travels for approximately 0.5 km and is collected in an interceptor
    trench. It is discharged into a series of lakes used for swimming, boating and fishing.

    Aquaculture
    Aquaculture, or the production of aquatic organisms (both flora and fauna), has been practiced
    for centuries primarily for production of food, fiber and fertilizer. Lagoons are used for
    aquaculture, although artificial and natural wetlands are also being considered. However, the
    uncontrolled spread of water hyacinths is itself a great concern because the flora can clog
    waterways and ruin water bodies.

    Municipal Uses
    Technology is now available to treat wastewater to the extent that it will meet drinking water
    quality standards. However, direct reuse of treated wastewater is practicable only on an
    emergency basis. Many natural bodies of water that are used for municipal water supply are also
    used for effluent disposal which is done to supplement the natural water resources by reusing the
    effluent many times before it finally flows to the sea.
    Industrial Uses
    Effluent has been successfully used as a cooling water or boiler feed water. Deciding factors for
    effluent reuse by the industry include (1) availability of natural water, (2) quality and quantity of
    effluent, and cost of processing, (3) pumping and transport cost of effluent, and (4) industrial
    process water that does not involve public health considerations.

    Discharge into Natural Waters


    Discharge into natural waters is the most common disposal practice. The self-purification or
    assimilative capacity of natural waters is thus utilized to provide the remaining treatment.

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