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its all about science

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29 views2 pages

Short Story 1

its all about science

Uploaded by

fortunatodomondonpatubo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Reviewer Notes: Science

1. Matter and Its Properties

 Definition: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.


 States of Matter: Solid, liquid, gas, plasma.
 Properties:
1. Physical: Observable without changing the substance (e.g., color, density, melting
point).
2. Chemical: Observed during a reaction that changes the substance’s composition
(e.g., flammability, reactivity).

2. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

 Element: Pure substance made of one type of atom (e.g., Oxygen).


 Compound: Substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined (e.g., Water
- H₂O).
 Mixture: Combination of substances not chemically bonded (e.g., Air, salad).

3. The Periodic Table

 Organization: Elements arranged by increasing atomic number.


 Groups: Vertical columns with similar chemical properties.
 Periods: Horizontal rows indicating increasing energy levels.

4. Forces and Motion

 Newton’s Laws of Motion:

o First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion stays in
motion unless acted upon by an external force.
o Second Law: Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma).
o Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

 Gravity: The force that attracts objects toward the center of the Earth.

5. Energy and Its Forms

 Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion.


 Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position or state.
 Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

6. Cells and Organisms

 Cell Theory:

o All living organisms are composed of cells.


o The cell is the basic unit of life.
o All cells come from pre-existing cells.

 Organelles and Their Functions:


o Nucleus: Control center of the cell.
o Mitochondria: Powerhouse, generates energy.
o Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

 Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O + \


text{light energy} → C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_26CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2

7. Earth and Space Science

 Layers of the Earth: Crust, mantle, core (outer and inner).


 Rock Cycle:

o Igneous: Formed from cooled magma or lava.


o Sedimentary: Formed from compacted sediments.
o Metamorphic: Formed under heat and pressure.

 Planets: Order from the Sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune).

8. Ecology and Environment

 Ecosystem: Interaction of living and non-living things in an environment.


 Food Chain and Web: Representation of energy flow through different organisms.
 Biomes: Large regions with specific climates and organisms (e.g., tundra, rainforest).
 Conservation: Importance of biodiversity and sustainable practices.

9. Human Anatomy Basics

 Major Systems:

o Circulatory: Heart, blood vessels; responsible for transporting blood and oxygen.
o Digestive: Stomach, intestines; processes food for nutrients.
o Nervous: Brain, spinal cord; controls body responses.

10. Scientific Method

 Steps:

1. Ask a question.
2. Conduct background research.
3. Formulate a hypothesis.
4. Perform an experiment.
5. Analyze data and draw conclusions.
6. Report results.

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