8051 ADC DAC System

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Design and implement an analog data acquisition and control

system using an 8051 microcontroller, an 8‐bit ADC, and an 8‐
bit DAC. Your system should meet the following requirements.
▪
Interface an 8‐bit ADC ﴾e.g. ADC0804﴿ to read an analog
voltage in the range of 0‐5V.
▪
Interface an 8‐bit DAC ﴾e.g. DAC0808﴿ to output an analog
voltage in the range of 0‐5V.
▪
Sample the ADC input every 100ms and store the last 10
readings in memory.
▪
Calculate a running average of the last 5 ADC readings.
▪
Output the running average to the DAC.

1.
Draw a detailed block diagram showing all connections
between the 8051, ADC, DAC, and any other required
components.
2.
Create a flowchart for the main program logic.
3.
Write assembly language code to initialize and interface with
the ADC and DAC.
4.
Implement the data storage, averaging, and alarm trigger
functionality in assembly language.
5.
Evaluate the limitations of this system in terms of sampling
rate, resolution, and accuracy. Suggest improvements to
 overcome these limitations.

using our previous discussions about ADC and DAC and my

codes answer step by steps to these questions with
explanation. Also write a explanation for each parts why you
write that

Sure! Let's break down your project step by step and answer each of the questions while
using the concepts we've discussed earlier about interfacing ADC and DAC with the 8051
microcontroller. I'll guide you through drawing the block diagram, creating the flowchart,
writing the assembly code, and explaining each part. Finally, we'll evaluate the system's
limitations and suggest improvements.

1. Block Diagram
Let's start by designing a block diagram for interfacing the 8051 microcontroller with an 8‐
bit ADC ﴾ADC0804﴿ and an 8‐bit DAC ﴾DAC0808﴿.

Explanation:

The ADC0804 is used to convert the analog input voltage ﴾0‐5V﴿ into an 8‐bit digital output.
The DAC0808 takes an 8‐bit digital input and converts it back to an analog voltage ﴾0‐5V﴿.
The 8051 microcontroller controls both the ADC and DAC, reads the converted digital data
from ADC, processes it, and outputs the processed data through the DAC.
Here's the detailed block diagram:

plaintext

+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| 8051 MCU |
| (AT89C51 or AT89S52) |
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| P1.0‐P1.7 <‐> ADC0804 |
| P2.0‐P2.7 <‐> DAC0808 |
| P3.4 ‐ WR (ADC) |
| P3.5 ‐ RD (ADC) |
| P3.6 ‐ INTR (ADC) |
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| |
 | |
| Analog Input | Analog Output
v v
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+ +‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| ADC0804 | | DAC0808 |
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+ +‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
Analog Sensor Output Device
(0‐5V Range) (0‐5V Range)
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2. Flowchart for the Main Program Logic

Let's create a flowchart to illustrate the main steps for sampling the ADC, storing data,
calculating the running average, and outputting to the DAC.

plaintext

+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| Start |
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| Initialize Ports and ADC/DAC
v
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| Sample Analog Input from ADC (every 100ms) |
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
|
v
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| Store the ADC Value in Memory (10 readings)|
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
|
v
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| Calculate the Running Average of Last 5 |
| ADC Readings |
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
|
v
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
 +‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| Output the Running Average to DAC |
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
|
v
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
| Repeat the Process |
+‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐+
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3. Assembly Language Code

Explanation:

The assembly code will:

Initialize the ADC and DAC.
Sample data from ADC every 100ms using a software delay.
Store the last 10 ADC readings in memory.
Calculate the running average of the last 5 readings.
Output the running average to the DAC.
Let's write the assembly code for each part:

a﴿ Initialization of Ports, ADC, and DAC

assembly

ORG 0000H
START: MOV P1, #0FFH ; Configure Port 1 as input (ADC data)
MOV P2, #00H ; Configure Port 2 as output (DAC data)
CLR P3.4 ; Make WR low for ADC
SETB P3.5 ; Make RD high initially (ADC)
CLR P3.6 ; Set INTR as input pin
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b﴿ ADC Reading and Storing Data in Memory

assembly

READ_ADC:
SETB P3.4 ; WR = 1, Start ADC conversion
CLR P3.4 ; WR = 0, Latch data
WAIT_ADC:
 WAIT_ADC:
JB P3.6, WAIT_ADC ; Wait until INTR goes low (Conversion Complete)
CLR P3.5 ; RD = 0, Enable data read
MOV A, P1 ; Read ADC value from Port 1
SETB P3.5 ; RD = 1, Disable data read
RET
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c﴿ Sampling and Delay ﴾100ms Software Delay﴿

assembly

DELAY_100MS:
MOV R2, #10 ; Outer loop for delay
DELAY_LOOP1: MOV R1, #250
DELAY_LOOP2: DJNZ R1, DELAY_LOOP2
DJNZ R2, DELAY_LOOP1
RET
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d﴿ Data Storage and Running Average Calculation

assembly

DATA_SEGMENT: DB 10 DUP(00H) ; Memory for storing 10 readings

STORE_DATA:
MOV R0, #DATA_SEGMENT ; Address of storage
MOV @R0, A ; Store current ADC reading
INC R0
CJNE R0, #10, CONTINUE
MOV R0, #DATA_SEGMENT ; Reset index after 10 readings

CONTINUE:
RET

CALC_AVERAGE:
MOV R1, #5 ; Calculate average of last 5 readings
MOV R0, #DATA_SEGMENT+5 ; Start from the 6th reading
MOV B, #0
 MOV B, #0
MOV A, #0
AVG_LOOP: ADD A, @R0 ; Add each value to accumulator
INC R0
DJNZ R1, AVG_LOOP
MOV B, #5
DIV AB ; Divide by 5 to get average
RET
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e﴿ Output Running Average to DAC

assembly

WRITE_DAC:
MOV P2, A ; Output average value to DAC
RET
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f﴿ Main Loop

assembly

MAIN_LOOP:
CALL READ_ADC
CALL STORE_DATA
CALL CALC_AVERAGE
CALL WRITE_DAC
CALL DELAY_100MS
SJMP MAIN_LOOP
END
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4. Limitations and Improvements

Limitations:
Sampling Rate: The system uses a software delay of 100ms, resulting in a sampling rate of
10Hz. This may not be suitable for high‐frequency signals.
Resolution: The ADC0804 provides 8‐bit resolution, which gives only 256 discrete levels
﴾5V/256 ≈ 0.0195V per step﴿. For higher accuracy, a 10‐bit or 12‐bit ADC would be better.
Accuracy: The ADC0804 has limited accuracy and may be affected by noise. Additionally, the
8051's processing speed is not very high, which can lead to delays.
Suggested Improvements:
Increase Resolution: Use a higher resolution ADC like ADC1210 ﴾12‐bit﴿ for better accuracy.
Use a Timer Interrupt: Instead of a software delay, use Timer 0 interrupt to sample the ADC,
allowing more precise timing and efficient CPU usage.
Implement Filtering: Add a simple moving average filter or a low‐pass filter to reduce noise
in the analog signal.
Use External Oscillator: To improve the speed of the 8051, use an external oscillator with a
higher frequency, like 11.0592 MHz.
These steps should give you a clear understanding of how to design, implement, and improve
an analog data acquisition system using an 8051 microcontroller with ADC and DAC
interfaces. Let me know if you have further questions!

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