Selection of the teeth And Arrangement of teeth

(Setting up of the teeth).

If the patient is seen before the natural teeth
are extracted. It is a great help in selecting
artificial teeth.
1- Mould or form of the teeth: to select
teeth of a mould that is harmonious to
shape of the face and also the arch
(square, tapering and ovoid). Also sex,
personality and age of the patient have
definite effect on selection of teeth.
2- Size of the teeth: The size of anterior
teeth to be used will depend upon the size
of the face, amount of bone resorption
and inter-maxillary space.
3- Shade of the teeth: Generally selection is
based on:
a. The patient's age.
b. The patient's general complexion (skin color).
c. Color of the patient's hair.
d. The patient's personal approval.
4- Materials of the teeth: The choice is
between porcelain and acrylic resin (both
have natural appearance). Acrylic can be
easily adjusted and polished, chemically
attached to denture base, light in weight,
not noisy in use, more kind on supporting
structure but have disadvantages of low
abrasion, affected by solvents, more
brittle, distorted by heat and can be burn
when exposed to flame.
Anatomical (cusp teeth).
Non-anatomical (Zero or flat occlusal surface).
Both are available in porcelain or acrylic resin
 1- Mould or form of the teeth: The
choice between two types depends upon
the technique which is being used to
produce balanced occlusion. If the
adjustable movement articulator is
employed usual to set up anatomical type
of posterior teeth
 No cusp locking, more stable with less
trauma.
 The teeth remain in good occlusal contact if
vertical dimension is reduced by bone
resorption.
 Setting up is easier and cross-bite are solved.
 Cuspless are indicated in cases, with flat
ridge, knife edge ridge, flabby ridge and
when retention and stability are likely to be
poor.
 Lessmasticatory efficiency than anatomical teeth.
 The appearance is not so good.
 2- Size of the teeth: The dimension should be
kept narrow in buccolingual width to reduce the
food table so that reduce stress to the
supporting tissue of the denture.
3- Anteroposterior width: This may be taken
from the distal of the upper cuspid (canine) to
prominence of the tuberosity vertical space
available (the ridge and occlusal plane).
4- Shade of the posterior teeth: The same as
canine or darker Never use lighter shade than
anterior.

5- Material of the teeth: Cross-linked acrylic

resin is preferred to be used. Recently Isosit
(mixed of composite and resin) teeth are
available now.
The occlusion of the teeth on the
articulator should meet the following
specifications in a Class I jaw
relationship:
 The upper anterior teeth overlap the lower
anterior teeth by about 1 -2 mm. in both horizon-
tal and vertical planes.

 The mandibular incisors do not protrude beyond

the labial vestibule.

 The labial surfaces of the six anterior teeth

should present a curve when viewed from the
occlusal surface, the shape of this curve depends
on the shape of the underlying alveolus. (crest of
the ridge)

 The buccal cusps of the upper premolars and

molars should overlap those of the lower.
 The central grooves of mandibular
premolars and molars should be positioned
on the crest of the ridge for better stability
of lower denture.

 The lower posterior teeth should be set

vertically on the ridges. Setting the lower
posterior teeth with lingual inclination will
interfere with free tongue movements
 The posterior teeth should be in
maximum intercuspation when checked
from both buccal and lingual aspects.
 Each tooth is opposed by two teeth,
except for the lower central incisor and
the upper last molar.
 The long axis of each upper tooth is
distal to the long axis of the
corresponding lower tooth.
 The height of the occlusal plane on each
side of the jaw coincides with the line
joining the incisal tip of the mandibular
canine to the retomolar pad.
 The posterior end of the occlusal plane
should be located so that (if it were
extended)it would be in level with the
junction between the middle and the distal
thirds of the retromolar pad.
 There are uniformly balanced occlusal
contacts between the maxillary and
mandibular posterior teeth. The teeth
should move from centric to eccentric
positions without interlocking of cusps.
 Waxing up
 Flasking
 Boiling out
 Packing
 Curing
 Deflasking
 Finishing
 Polishing
 IT is the contouring of trial denture bases to
reproduce the original form of the tissues,to
adupt with the lip ,cheeks& the tongue
which aid in seating the denture
 The buccal and lingual surfaces should be
concave
 Teeth surfaces should be free from wax.
 Roots should simulate root prominence
 Round borders,
 stippled gingival papilla.
 Centralize the wax denture,the occlusal
surface parallel to the base
 After setting,place the upper half andpour stone to
the level of the occlusal after application of
separating medium
 Paint seperating medium except occlusal surfases of
teeth and pour the third mix of stone to fill the
flask .
 Cover with its cover lid.
 Place the flask in boiling water for 5 min
 Lubricate the stone surface
 Resin dough adapted to the mold
 Trial packing, bench compress closes it until
metal to metal contact
 Bench cure for 1hour.
 Long curing cycle: (74)for nine hours
 Short curing cycle: (74)for two
hours,then(100)for one hour.
 Remove acrylic flash
using carbide bur
 Remove acrylic bulk
using large stone
 Polish with black
bristle brush
 Use rag wheel to
polish denture with
polishing compound.
 Common laboratory Errors

Error Cause
Porosity a. Insufficient dough
b. Packed at sticky stage.
c. Rapid rise in temperature.
d. Lack of metal to metal contact.
Crazing a. Contaminated with organic solvent,
tin foil substitute, water or dust.
b. Rapid rise in temperature
c. Rapid cooling
Sandy appearance a. Dry mix.
b. Evaporation of monomer
c. Delayed curing.
Denture base with nodules Stone not properly spatulated
Air bubbles within the stone
Cracked or fractured teeth a. Improper flasking or deflasking.
b. Rapid curing or cooling
c. Too much monomer.
Tooth movement a. Plaster was used instead of stone.
b. Not enough time for plaster setting.
c. Late packing of already mixed
acrylic resin.
d. Over packing of acrylic.
e. Incomplete flask closure.
f. Rapid pressure
g. Teeth not retained within the stone.
 Causes of fracture:
1. Insufficient relief in the midline.
2. Alveolar bone resorption
3. Upper single denture opposed by lower
natural teeth
4. Upper teeth set outside the ridge
5. Accidental.
 The broken parts are assembled using
sticky wax on the polished surface
 Block the undercut with wax or plasticine
 Stone is poured in the fitting surface after
application of separating medium.
 The cast removed and the fractured line
is widened to2-3mm of the acrylic resin.
 Alternate monomer and polymer to fill
the space
 Finishing and polishing
 Remounting is done for correct occlusal
discrepancies results due to wax elimination,
investing & packing of denture base resin.
1- Laboratory remounting: using the original
mounting
2- Clinical remounting: using face bow index
 New centric occluding relation to mount the
lower cast
 Boxing the lower
mounting ring.
 Lubricate the occlusal
surfaces of upper
teeth
 Fill the boxed area
with stone
 Close the articulator
to indent the teeth
 Relining:is resurfacing of a denture base
with new material to make it fit the tissues
accurately.

 Rebasing:is the replacement of of the entire

denture base with a new material.
 Lackof retention (new denture)
 Bone resorption (old denture)
 Immediate denture
 Staining,crazing and porosity of the base
 When relining will result in a thick base.