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Ammar 1

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16 views13 pages

Ammar 1

Uploaded by

New York State of Mind
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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unit 11

PURPOSE, RESULT
AND CONTRAST
So that
So (that)
We can use so that to express purpose (the reason
why someone does something).
Purpose So that is usually followed by can, could, will or
would.

Example:
The police locked the door so that no one could get in.
Infinitive of
purpose

We can also use to to express purpose. If the two subjects are different, we
can’t use to. We need to use so that.
Example: Daniel went to England to Example: Daniel went to England so that his
study engineering. (NOT for to study) brother would have some help working in the
restaurant.
In order to, so as to
More formal ways of expressing purpose.
There are also negative forms: in order not to, so as not to

Examples:
Scientists only used local materials, in order to
save money.
The soldiers moved at night, so as not to alarm
the villagers.
For
Describes how something is used.

This button is for starting the


engine. This one is for the lights.
So, such a
Result
So is used with an adjective or a adverb.
Such - adjective + singular noun.

Examples:
Alex was so tall (that) he hit his head on the ceiling.
Alice is such a busy person (that) she never feels bored.
So many, so much,
so few, so little.
So many/few - plural nouns.
So much/little - uncountable nouns.

Examples:
There were so many passengers (that) we couldn’t find a seat.
There was so much noice (that) I didn’t get to sleep until 3am.
Too/Not enough
+ to
Too means more that necessary or good.
Not enough means less that necessary or good.

The bookcase was too big to carry.


The soup is not warm enough to eat.
Although, though,
even though
Contrast Although often becomes though in speech.
Though can come at the end of sentences, even though
cannot.
Even though gives a stronger contrast than though.

Examples:
Although I asked her, she didn’t come. (speech and writing)
Though I asked her, she didn’t come. (speech)
Even though I asked her, she didn’t come. (speech)
While/Whereas
Used in formal speech and writing.
They can compare 2 facts and emphasize
the difference between them.

While you were laying here, I was working out.


My project failed, whereas her succeeded.
However, Nevertheless
However is used to express contrast. It can
go at the beginning, middle or the end, and
is separated by a comma (or a pause).
Nevertheless is a very formal way to express
however or despite this.

Examples:
Normally we don’t do refunds without a receipt. However, in this
occasion, I’ll do it.
I’m not happy with your work. Nevertheless, I’ll give you a last
chance.
Despite and
In spite of
These expressions are followed by a noun (including the -ing form)

In spite of the rain, we went out. (Although it rained)


Despite losing, we celebrated. (Although we lost)
kahoot time

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