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EDR-101 Lecture 1

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61 views27 pages

EDR-101 Lecture 1

Uploaded by

Mumtahina Mouli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EDR-101

Lecture 1: Overview of Engineering Drawing, Drawing


Instruments and Materials and Drawing Layout

Mumtahina Rahnuma
What is Engineering Drawing?
• An engineering drawing is a subcategory of technical drawings that
shows the shape, structure, dimensions, tolerances, accuracy, and other
requirements needed to manufacture a product or part.

• Engineering drawings are also known as mechanical drawings,


manufacturing blueprints, and drawings.

• An engineering drawing helps to define the requirements of an


engineering part and conveys the design concept.
Purpose
• Most engineering projects start as drawings that convey details about
an engineering or construction project.

• Engineers or draft technicians create technical drawings digitally by


making a model of the product or building, displaying the model from
different angles, and adding information.

• Learning more about these drawings can help you understand how
your workplace might use them.
Drawing Instruments and Materials
1. Drawing board 7. Protractor

2. Drawing Sheet 8. Scale

3. T-square 9. Pencil

4. Set-squares 10. Rubber or eraser

5. Compass 11. Drawing clips/Drawing pins

6. Divider 12. Duster or handkerchief


Drawing Board
• A first-class engineering drawing board is made of four to six strips of well-
seasoned soft good quality soft wood such as pine, fir, oak, or kill of thickness
about 18 mm.

• The wooden strips are cleated at the back by two battens by means of screws to
prevent warping. One of the shorter edges of the rectangular board is fitted with a
perfectly straight strip.

• This edge is used as a working edge for the T-square, which moves against the
ebony edge.
Drawing Board (con.)
Drawing Board (con.)
Drawing Sheet
• Depending upon the nature of the drawing the qualities of drawing papers are
selected.

• The drawing paper should be of uniform thickness and of such quality that erasing
should not have left any impression on it.

• One of the sides of the drawing paper is usually rough and the other smooth. The
smooth surface is the side for the drawing work.
Drawing Sheet (con.)
• Drawing sheets of different sizes are available such as A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5
T-Square
• The two essential parts of T-square are stock and blade.

• The blade is fitted with an ebony or plastic piece to form the working edge of a T-
square. The two parts are held securely together at right angles to each other by
means of screws or dowel pins in order to form a straight edge of the blade.

• The working length of the T-square is equal to the length of the drawing board.
T-Square (con.)
Set-square
• Set squares are triangular in shape and are made of plastic materials.
• Set squares made of transparent celluloid are the most satisfactory ones as the lines underneath
them can be seen quite easily.

• Generally two types of set squares are in use. They are:


(i) thirty-Sixty degree (300-600) set square: It has three angles with the measures of 300, 600
and 900 respectively
(ii) Forty five degrees (450) set square: It has three angles with the measures of 450, 450 and 900
respectively

• Set squares are used for drawing all straight lines except the horizontal lines which are drawn with
T-square or mini-drafter as the case may be. Perpendicular lines or the lines at 300, 600, and 900 to
the horizontal line can be drawn by using set squares.
Set-square (con.)
Compass
• Compass is used for drawing circles and arcs of circles of required diameter.

• It consists of two metal legs hinged together at its upper end by means of a joint
known as the knee joint.

• An adjustable or fixed needle is fitted onto the end of one of the legs whereas the
other leg is provided with an attachment that can be fitted with a pencil lid or
pencil depending upon the nature of the attachment.

• There are different types of compass available in the market, depending upon their
sizes, such as (i) large size compass and (ii) small size compass.
Compass (con.)
Divider
• The divider is used to divide straight or curved lines into the desired number of
equal parts.

• It consists of two metal legs as in the compass.

• However, unlike a compass, a divider is provided with two needles on both the
legs.
Protractor
• Protractors are used for constructing and measuring angles.

• Protractors are generally semicircular in shape.

• The base diameter of the semicircle serves as the straight edge.

• A semicircular protractor can measure angles of any measure between 00 to 1800.


The least count of the protractor is generally 10.

• Like set square protractor is also made of transparent celluloid or plastic material
Protractor (con.)
Scales
• Scales are used for the measurement of lengths and distances on the drawing.

• Scale is a measuring stick, graduated on both edges with different divisions to


represent the corresponding actual distances of the ground according to some
fixed proportions. Such scales are known as RF scales or representative fraction
scales.

• Such scales facilitate rapid marking off distances on drawing.


Scales (con.)
Scales of various representative fractions (RFs) are available in the
market e.g., 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:25, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500,
1:1000, etc. the proportion 1:50 means that 50 units on the ground are
represented by 1 unit in the drawing.
Pencils
• The pencils are used for preparing the drawings on the drawing sheet.

• The accuracy and the appearance of the drawing depend upon the
quality of the pencil used.

• Different grades of pencils are available depending on the hardness of


the lid. Pencils of various grades can be easily recognized by the
letters marked on the body of the pencil.
Pencils (con.)
The pencils are generally graded as H, F, B, and HB. H represents hardness; F
represents a firm, B represents softness and HB represents the intermediate
between hard and soft. The general designation of a pencil is associated with alpha-
numeric symbols such as 2H, 3H, HB, B, 2B, 3B, etc. Drawing pencils are graded
as 7B, 6B, . . . . . . , HB, H, 2H, . . . . . . in the increasing order of their hardness and
decreasing order of their blackness. Generally, drawings are made with 2H pencils
and finished with H or HB pencils.
Rubber or eraser
• An eraser is made of rubber and is used to erase extra pencil work and/or wrongly
drawn lines. A soft eraser is the most suitable one for erasing as it leaves little or
no impression on the drawing sheet.
Drawing clips or pins
• Both drawing clips and drawing pins serve the same purpose. They are used to fix
the drawing sheet firmly in position to the drawing board as one constructs the
drawing.
Duster or handkerchief
• A Duster or a handkerchief is used for cleaning instruments. It is also
used to sweep away the crumps or dust formed after the use eraser on
the drawing sheet.
Drawing Layout

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