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12 views2 pages

Word - 1-Text

aa

Uploaded by

gulsum.kamer
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© © All Rights Reserved
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A is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic

or logical operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic


computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs. These
programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. A computer
system is a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware,
operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment needed and used
for full operation. This term may also refer to a group of computers that are
linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster.
A broad range of industrial and consumer products use computers as control
systems. Simple special-purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote
controls are included, as are factory devices like industrial robots and
computer-aided design, as well as general-purpose devices like personal
computers and mobile devices like smartphones. Computers power the
Internet, which links billions of other computers and users.
Early computers were meant to be used only for calculations. Simple manual
instruments like the abacus have aided people in doing calculations since
ancient times. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices
were built to automate long, tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms.
More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analog calculations in
the early 20th century. The first digital electronic calculating machines were
developed during World War II. The first semiconductor transistors in the late
1940s were followed by the silicon-based MOSFET (MOS transistor) and
monolithic integrated circuit chip technologies in the late 1950s, leading to the
microprocessor and the microcomputer revolution in the 1970s. The speed,
power and versatility of computers have been increasing dramatically ever
since then, with transistor counts increasing at a rapid pace (as predicted by
Moore's law), leading to the Digital Revolution during the late 20th to early
21st centuries.

Conventionally, a modern computer consists of at least one processing


element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) in the form of a
microprocessor, along with some type of computer memory, typically
semiconductor memory chips.
The processing element carries out arithmetic and logical operations, and a
sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to
stored information.
Peripheral devices include input devices (keyboards, mice, joystick, etc.),
output devices (monitor screens, printers, etc.), and input/output devices that
perform both functions (e.g., the 2000s-era touchscreen).
Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source
and they enable the result of operations to be saved and retrieved.

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