Review of Related Literature for Automatic Trash Segregation Using Arduino

1. According to Hassan, F. Saad, M., and Mohd Raklan, S. (2018), waste accumulation in
Malaysia is increasing daily, exacerbated by the lack of enforcement of waste management
laws by the government, resulting in overflowing landfills that obstruct the landscape. To
address this issue, a low-cost automatic recycling bin controlled by an Arduino
microcontroller was developed. The sensor component of the bin is designed to
differentiate between three categories of recyclable waste: paper, plastic, and aluminum.
An inductive proximity sensor was employed to detect aluminum-based waste, operating
on electromagnetic principles. Additionally, light-dependent resistors (LDRs) were utilized
to measure light intensity for plastic and paper waste. The recycling bin prototype exhibited
high sensitivity to plastic waste compared to other types, indicating the need for enhanced
sensitivity to paper and metal waste for efficient sorting. To achieve this, increasing the
quantity of sensors and adjusting their detection angles may be necessary.

2. The idea of automatic waste segregation and management was examined by Agarwal,
Cherry et al. (2020) in their article “Automatic waste segregation and management”
published in the International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT).
The authors’ research aimed to study the creation and operationalization of a refuse
segregator that was intended to automate the process of disposing of garbage. They cited
various parts of the system including sensors, actuators as well as microcontrollers that
streamlined waste disposal practices in cities. According to Agarwal et al.’s findings, the
adoption of technology is vital in addressing the difficulties attributed to the high rate of
garbage production and urbanization with recommendations for further innovation in this
area.

3. The article by Rambhia, Viral et al (2019) investigated sustainability as a crucial notion in

the current age specifically emphasizing on effective solid waste management for
combating global sustainability challenges. The study aimed at suggesting an IoT-based
Smart dustbin monitoring system for smart cities. This objective of this system was to
 enhance solid waste management efficiency through dynamic scheduling and routing
capabilities for trash collectors and moisture detection functionality for smart dustbins.
They wanted to use the IoT so that there could be optimization of waste collection systems,
promote resource utilization and contribute towards sustainable urban development. It
showed that technology innovation and partnerships with other actors are important in
achieving long term ecological gains from such researches.

4. Aleena VJ et al. (2016) addressed the urgent problem of insufficient waste management in
metropolitan settings, which is made worse by population development, in their study
published in the Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications. By enabling
household-level segregation, their solution, the "automatic waste segregator and
monitoring system," aims to transform trash disposal methods. The method improved
efficiency and streamlined trash management by classifying waste into three categories:
metallic, biological, and plastic. Garbage bins were equipped with ultrasonic sensors to
monitor waste levels. When the bins were full, these sensors sent signals to a
microcontroller, which used GSM technology to send SMS notifications to collection truck
drivers. In order to better manage urban waste, this creative concept provides a workable,
scalable solution that will enhance environmental sustainability and public health.

5. Kavithamani et al. (2023) tried to address the problem of managing urban garbage as a
result of population growth, and offered an innovative idea in their paper titled
"AUTOMATIC WASTE SEGREGATING SYSTEM AND SMART BIN" which was
published in the Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences. The main idea behind it was a
smart segregation system driven by Arduino Uno microcontroller that is based on sensors
and deep learning algorithms. It consisted of a smart bin with fill monitoring and user
proximity-based operation. Proper waste categories were facilitated through integrated
conveyor belt with sensors and a camera used for segregation alone. They authors intended
to promote sustainable practices within cities while enhancing efficiency in trash
management using automated systems, deep learning, and sensors. Reduction of
environmental fallout can be one of the motivations for this technique.
6. Gupta et al. (2018) in their study "Automatic Waste Segregation" presented in ICICCS
2018 concerns on the ever growing volume of waste and risks to the environment. The
authors pointed out that automated sorting was necessary for recycling efficiency. This
project employed capacitive sensors for wet and dry waste as well as parallel resonance
impedance for metal waste, which yielded a point auto segregation system. They aimed at
making material recovery more effective and reducing the risks to personnel by automating
the process of segregation. The approach suggested an economically viable solution to
improved garbage management and environmental sustainability, taking into account its
worthlessness compared to the economic value of trash and importance of proper
segregation methods.

7. Without the need for continuous oversight by humans, Mapari and their team (2020)
devised an independent garbage sorting and observing apparatus that aptly sorts out plastic,
dry, wet, and metal refuse. This contraption was put through its paces in a plethora of
communal areas utilizing budget-friendly controllers alongside sensors that are easily
obtained. The authors put forward the notion of incorporating additional advancements
such as recognizing objects via image deciphering and transforming trash into products
employing heat alteration techniques. For enhanced rubbish categorization and
surveillance, they further propose the adoption of Artificial Intelligence along with
Machine Language procedures to amplify the machine's intellect. Taking everything into
account, this mechanism offers a creative plus economically viable solution for tackling
issues related to waste handling.

8. By TMB Shankar et al. (2020), a domestic segregator of trash, based on Arduino, is

introduced as per Balu's indications, showcasing an easily maneuverable, cost-effective,
and simply utilized approach for the division of household refuse. This mechanism lays
down the groundwork necessary for prospective projects in recycling and sorting out waste
at its most basic operation level. The act of dividing rubbish right where it originates
enables the collection of waste to be more efficient while diminishing risks related to
 dumping in landfills that affect health negatively. As improved cleanliness positively
influences the economic prosperity of residents, it is contended by those who wrote this
that an environment maintained cleaner might bolster developmental prospects for
countries.

9. Zulkefli, as well as Nasir, M.F.Y. and N.M. (Ejjadi, H., Alaoui-Karmou, M. & Elbernawy,
M. (2021) Automatic garbage segregation system. Nature and Sustainability, 2(2), 597-
604; Electric and Electronic Electronics Electronics Automatic ).

According to the "Automatic Garbage Segregation System" paper, there is a high volume
of waste continuously produced which has a negative effect and is a result of landfill
limitations. To develop the garbage management method it provides a construction garbage
bin which can do the waste separation by the categories that are made from the material
such as plastic, and metal. At the drawstring of the power bin, the device sends out a signal
rowing the inductive and infrared proximity sensors. The results evidence successful
segmentation and, on the way, improve it in the future, introducing wet sensors as well.
Described by those two, respectively.(2021)

10. With the amount of tash growing, it is becoming increasingly important to correctly grid
of it properly to protect the environment. Systems for automatically classifying waste are
essential for solving this problem and simplifying the recycling procedure. There is an
automatic trash segregation unit in this project. It separates wet and dry trash using
capacitive sensors and separates metal waste using a parallel resonance impedance device.
By using this method, waste recovery chances are improved and occupational hazards for
trash sorting employees are decreased. IoT is used by the system to monitor and control
the waste (Kishore, C.). (2021). "Automatic Waste Segregation."

11. . Abdurahman, Fethulahak, Aweke, and Chera Assefa get into study (2018) of development
node-like an Arduino sensor instrument, a automated system for waste materials
monitoring. For primary, they are seeking for the possible way to monitor the amount of
 garbage in cities. A noteworthy efficiency of the system is that it informs municipal
authorities when dumpsters are reaching their capacity. Timely alert system realizes this
aspect of waste collection by ensuring its efficiency. A higher level of accuracy in
pinpointing fully-loaded containers is achieved with the help of motion-sensing PIR
sensors which boost its reliability. The scientists, accordingly, propose that there should be
some improvements made like having cameras which can detect littering or rather investing
in moisture detectors and scent sensors to closely monitor the given location. The roadmap
for the development of existing and new processes to increase the establishment of the
efficiency and flexibility of the introduced mobility system in the context of many
municipalities lies in this research.

12. Through their "Automatic Waste Segregation and Monitoring System," which attempts to
streamline waste segregation and collection processes by automatically sorting waste into
three categories: tangible, non-biodegradable, and inorganic, Krishnasamy (2019) calls us
to follow the strategies for the full management of wastes in urban areas. The system
enunciates to waste pick-ups the garbage bins to have been refilled and permits monitoring
alive waste levels is bin through combining GSM technology and ultrasonic sensors. Other
approaches seeking to increase sorting efficiency via blowers and proximal sensors are also
be incorporated.

13. Through incorporating Arduino Nano and ultrasonic sensor for fullness monitoring,
Samann (2017) the method is presented at low cost and with main characteristics of an
intelligent waste container. Now with a solar panel and a battery bank, this system sends
SMS notifications by means of the GSM connectivity. This feature allows for devices
recharging and status logging of the events. This is much more cost-effective than all
inclusive IoT solutions that rely on storing data in the online servers because the direct
SMS notifications of the management system do not require them. Some developments can
be got like smoke or temperature sensors for the purpose of the fire protection system.
14. The shortage of municipal recycling creates a need that Jain et al. offer their ecofriendly
trash sorting solution. Their undertaking which is meagerly based on the single factor of
the conservation of water , cherishing an aim to cut water waste while advocating for
extreme caution as a means of checking on global warming is evident. The waste sorting
system employs the IR sensors that in turns work with induction and capacitive sensors
and execute the separation task. This method effectively separates different kinds of waste
material such as plastic, paper, metal, wood and rubber by using intercalation distance of
two lateral plates that vary in thickness. Traditional human-operated devices use a lot of
water and oil to separate the waste. The fact that Arduino-powered device is doing the thing
in a more effective and less wasteful way is a huge benefit. The small amount of energy
used by the device which requires just 12W is portable to the solar energy. Thus, the recycle
bank process is available for practical and reliant sorting of waste with low labor and health
threats.

15. government of India that will be cruelty free by 2th of October 2022 on the way to get an
clean nation through projects such as Smart City and Swacch Bharat Mission as stated by
Shah et al. (2019). Despite the campaigns that help to increase awareness in overall garbage
management the issue of pick out dry waste from wet waste still exists. The Authors Note
Implementing an IoT-based ‘Smart Garbage Segregation System’ is the suggested solution
as one the possible way out from the sad situation of improper waste collection. With the
comprehensive connection of the sensors, such as servo motor, humidifier, GSM module,
ultrasonic, and more, the system is fully controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. The
Servo Motor will bring up the correct container by checking Humidity Sensor's information
about the amount of moisture in the dustbin. The GSM module uses the signal from
Ultrasonic Sensor to determine the occupation of a compartment once the trash is trash
enough to reach a programmable level. Curb of excess garbage created by full cans
decrease side by side instead of using extra effort in sorting bins which might cut down the
cost of the process of garbage. On the contrary, it yields a ground floor resolution to the
hurdles involved in manual sorting, ensuring the adherence of sound waste management
methods and supporting the effort to lead the country to the cleanliness targets.
Reference
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powered by Arduino Microcontroller," 2018 IEEE Conference on Systems, Process and Control
(ICSPC), Melaka, Malaysia, 2018, pp. 182-186, doi: 10.1109/SPC.2018.8704146.

Agarwal, Cherry, Bhavesh Yewale, and Chaithali Jagadish. "Automatic waste segregation and
management." International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) 9 (2020).

Rambhia, Viral, et al. "Smart dustbins-automatic segregation & efficient solid waste management
using IoT solutions for smart cities." International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
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VJ, Aleena, et al. "Automatic waste segregator and monitoring system." Journal of
Microcontroller Engineering and Applications 3.2 (2016): 1-7.

Kavithamani, A., et al. "AUTOMATIC WASTE SEGREGATING SYSTEM AND SMART

BIN." Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 10.4S (2023): 1922-1929.

Gupta, Nimisha S., et al. "Automatic waste segregation." 2018 Second International Conference
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Mapari, Rahul, et al. "Automatic waste segregator and monitoring system." International Journal
of Advanced Computer Research 10.49 (2020): 171.
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Zulkifli, Muhammad Fathi Yakan, and Noorhamizah Mohamed Nasir. "Automatic Garbage
Segregation System." Evolution in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2.2 (2021): 597-604.

KISHORE, C. "AUTOMATIC WASTE SEGREGATION." (2021).

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Abdurahman, Fetulhak, Sileshi Aweke, and Chera Assefa. "Automated Garbage Monitoring
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Samann, Fady EF. "The design and implementation of smart trash bin." Academic Journal of
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"Jain, Riya, Shruthi Anantharaman, and Anil Sharma. ""Automatic solid garbage segregation
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Shah, Darshil, et al. "Smart Garbage Segregation System Using IoT." Asian Journal For
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