Q1.

Connor is estimating the answer to 385 + 1479

(a) He rounds each number to the nearest 10

Work out his estimate.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Answer _________________________
(2)

(b) Connor says,

“My estimate will be more than the exact answer.”

How does he know this without working out the exact answer?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q2.

Millie is estimating the value of

She rounds each decimal number to 1 significant figure.

(a) Work out Millie’s estimate.

You must show your working.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Answer ____________________
(2)

Page 1 of 13
 (b) Millie says,
“My estimate must be more than the exact value.”

Without working out the exact value, give a reason how she can know this.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q3.
By rounding each number to the nearest 10, estimate the value of 31 × 18

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Answer _________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Q4.

Freddie tries to work out

His answer is 37.65

By rounding each number to the nearest 10, show that his answer is incorrect.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Page 2 of 13
Q6.
By rounding each number to the nearest 10, estimate the value of 262 ÷ 19.8

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Answer _________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

Q7.
(a) Use your calculator to work out 9.952 × 29.8
Give your answer as a decimal.
Write down your full calculator display.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Answer _________________________________________
(1)

(b) Is your answer to part (a) sensible?

Use approximations to decide.
You must show your working.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Tick a box.

Sensible Not sensible

(3)
(Total 4 marks)

Q8.
(a) Use your calculator to work out the exact value of

Answer _________________________________________

Page 3 of 13
 (1)

(b) Use approximations to 1 significant figure to check if your answer to part (a) is
sensible.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 4 marks)

Q9.
a = 4.72 to 3 significant figures.
b = 158 to 3 significant figures.

Work out the upper bound of

You must show your working.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Answer ______________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Q10.
The length of each side of a regular pentagon is 8.4 cm to 1 decimal place.

(a) Complete the error interval for the length of one side.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________ cm ≤ length < ___________________ cm

(2)

(b) Complete the error interval for the perimeter.

___________________________________________________________________

Page 4 of 13
 ___________________ cm ≤ perimeter < ___________________ cm
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q11.
Three whole numbers are each rounded to the nearest 10
The sum of the rounded numbers is 70

Work out the maximum possible sum for the original three numbers.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Answer _________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

Page 5 of 13
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) 390 or 1480
M1

1870
A1

Additional Guidance

Answer only
M1A1

Ignore calculation of 1864 but 1870 only coming from incorrect rounding of 1864 is
M0

(b) Valid explanation referring to both of the original numbers being rounded up
eg he rounded each number up
or
each rounded number is bigger than the actual number
or
390 is bigger than 385 and 1480 is bigger than 1479
B1

Additional Guidance

Ignore irrelevant, non-contradictory statements

Ignore 1864 alongside a correct explanation

Incorrect rounding or values seen in this part even alongside a correct explanation
B0

The numbers are rounded up (to the nearest 10)

B1

385 became 390 and 1479 became 1480

B1

One number increased 5 and the other 1 (so it will be 6 bigger)

B1

385 became 390 and 1479 became 1500

B0

The numbers are rounded to the nearest 10

B0

It’s rounding so the answer is bigger

B0

1870 is bigger than 1864

B0
[3]

Page 6 of 13
Q2.
(a) 8 or 10
8 may be implied by 22 or 4
M1

8 and 10

and

or 0.025
8 may be implied by 22 or 4

accept 0.03 with or 0.025 seen

A1

Additional Guidance

Do not allow exact calculations for M1A1

eg 4.113 = 4 and 10.21 = 10 and

M1A0

or 0.025 with 8 or 10 seen (8 may be implied by 22 or 4)

M1A0

or 0.025 without 8 or 10 seen (8 may be implied by 22 or 4)

M0A0

(b) Valid explanation

eg both numbers have been rounded down
B1

Additional Guidance

Ignore irrelevant reasons alongside a correct reason, unless contradictory

Ignore a calculation using exact values alongside a correct reason

eg 0.025 is greater than 0.0238… and both numbers rounded down

B1

0.025 is greater than 0.0238…

B0

The denominator is smaller

B1

The denominator using the exact values is bigger

B1

(Decimals) rounded down

B1

Because 8.34 is more than 8 and 10.21 is more than 10

Page 7 of 13
 B1

One is divided by less (with answer more)

B1

Estimating rounds the numbers down which makes the denominator less
B1

Estimating rounds the numbers down which makes it less

B0

Because it rounds up
B0

Because she rounded each number to one significant figure

B0

The numbers get rounded up so more than the exact value

B0

Rounded up when estimating

B0

Removing the decimals makes the number bigger

B0
[3]

Q3.
30
B1

20
B1

(30 and 20 and) 600

ft their 30 × their 20 with B1B0 or B0B1
SC1 (31 x 18 =) 558, answer 560
B1ft

Additional Guidance

Answer only 600 with no working

B1B1B1

Answer 558 with neither 30 nor 20 seen

B0B0B0

30 × 18 with answer 540

B1B0B1ft

31 × 20 with answer 620 and answer 600 (ignore further work)

B0B1B1ft

31 × 20 with answer 600

B0B1B0ft
[3]

Q4.

Page 8 of 13
 30 or 80 or 10
M1

M1dep

11 with 30, 80 and 10 seen

A1

Additional Guidance

11 with no working
M0M0A0
[3]

Q5.

(a) 494.325 or or

or

40.96 or or

535.29 or 535.3 or

or 535
M1

535.285
A1

Additional Guidance

Ignore any subsequent truncation or rounding if 535.285 seen in working

M1A1

(b) 103 and 2 and 62

and 536

and indicates Sensible

ft correct decision for comparing 536 with their 535.285
B2 103 and 2 and 62 seen
B1 any two of 10, 2 and 6 seen allow 1000 to imply 10 or 103
and 36 to imply 6 or 62 for B1 or B2 only

Additional Guidance

Students must give the correct ft decision for part (a) for B3

Page 9 of 13
 Correct decision for their (a) should be Sensible if their 535.285 is 530 or 540 to 2 sf.
Otherwise they should indicate Not sensible

Condone e.g. 10.00 for 10 etc

[5]

Q6.
(262 rounded to) 260

or

(19.8 rounded to) 20

or

26 ÷ 2
M1

13
A1

Additional Guidance

13 embedded

eg 260 ÷ 13 = 20
M1A0

Beware, 13 may not get full marks eg 262 ÷ 20 = 13.1, answer 13

M1A0

300 ÷ 20
M1A0
[2]

Q7.
(a) 2950.2745(00...)
B1

Additional Guidance

2’950.2745 or 2,950.2745
B1

2.950.2745
B0

Allow correct rounding or truncation once full value seen

(b) 10 or 102 or 100 or 30

M1

10 × 10 × 30 or 102 × 30
or 100 × 30
M1dep

10 × 10 × 30 = 3000 and Sensible

Page 10 of 13
 or
102 × 30 = 3000 and Sensible
or
100 × 30 = 3000 and Sensible
ft their answer to part (a) for the decision
A1ft

Additional Guidance

3000 (and Sensible) with no working

M0M0A0

Their decision must be based on part (a) unless new calculation shown in part (b)

102 × 30 = 3000 and 102 × 29 = 2900 and Sensible

102 × 30 and 102 × 29 and Sensible

M1M1A0

102 × 29 = 2900 and Sensible

M1M0A0

ft should be Sensible if their part (a) is 3000 to 1sf or vice versa

eg (a) 295.02745 (b) 10 × 10 × 30 = 3000 and Not sensible
(B0)M1M1A1ft
[4]

Q8.
(a) 752 951 or 752951 or 752,951
Allow commas even if positioning incorrect
eg 75,2951 or 752’951 B1
B1

Additional Guidance

752.951
B0

(b) 20 000 and 400 and 10

and
800 000 and Yes
ft correct decision for their answer to (a)
oe decision e.g. it is sensible
B2 20 000 and 400 and 10
B1 20 000 or 400 or 10
B3ft

Additional Guidance

800 000 (and Yes) with no other values

B0

If answer to (a) is 800 000 to 1sf then the correct ft decision in (b) is Yes

Page 11 of 13
 eg1 (a) 770 000 (b) decision should be Yes

eg2 (a) 1762 (b) decision should be No

eg3 (a) 752.951 (b) allow decision to be Yes or No

[4]

Q9.
4.715 or 4.725

or

157.5 or 158.5
accept or 4.7249…
accept or 158.49…
B1

their 4.725 ÷ their 157.5

their 4.725 must be (4.72, 4.725]
their 157.5 must be [157.5, 158)
M1

0.03

and

correct working

oe eg
A1

Additional Guidance

Answer 0.03 with no correct working

B0M0A0

4.7249 exact value with no continuation dots seen

B0
[3]

Q10.
(a) 8.35 and 8.45 in the correct order
B1 8.35 on the left or 8.45 on the right
or 8.45 and 8.35 in the wrong order
accept for 8.45
B2

Additional Guidance

Do not accept 8.449... for

(b) 41.75 and 42.25

correct or ft their two different values from (a)

Page 12 of 13
 their 8.35 must be in the range (8.3, 8.4]
their 8.45 must be in the range (8.4, 8.5]
correct order or ft order
accept for 42.25
B1ft

Additional Guidance

(8.3, 8.4] does not include 8.3 but does include 8.4

(8.4, 8.5] does not include 8.4 but does include 8.5

Answer of 8.35 and 8.44 in part (a) leading to 41.75 and 42.2
B1ft

Answer of 8 and 9 in part (a) leading to 40 and 45

B0ft
[3]

Q11.
Alternative method 1

Three whole numbers that each are less than 80 and have units digit 4
or
States that each number must have units digit 4
M1

82
A1

Alternative method 2

Correctly evaluated trial for three whole numbers, none of which are a multiple
of 10, and that, when rounded, total 70
eg 33 + 33 + 13 = 79
M1

82
A1

Additional Guidance

39 + 33 + 13 = 85 (40 + 30 + 10 = 80)
M0

Beware 82 from incorrect values, e.g. 39 + 24 + 19 = 82

M0A0

Ignore incorrectly evaluated trials that do not solely lead to the answer
[2]

Page 13 of 13