WK7 ROUTE SUMMARIZATION GIVEN: 10.88.0.0/24 – 10.91.0.

0/24
Route summarization
- also known as route aggregation or STEP 1: 91 - 88 = 3 + 1 = 4
supernetting. STEP 2: INC = 4
- helps simplify and optimize routing in a STEP 3: CLASS A 10.0.0.0
network. (Lower IP limit) 10.88.0.0 - 10.91.0.0(upper IP limit)

IP ROUTING TABLE 10.92.0.0

STEP 4: 10.88.0.0
10.91.0.0
8 + 6 = /14
STEP 5: 10.88.0.0/14 – SUPERNET

WK 8 MULTIPLE ROUTE SUMMARIZATION

BINARY VALUES: 1028 512 256 128 6 32 16 8 4 2 1

GIVEN: 155.42.62.0/24 – 155.42.131.0/24

STEP 1: 131 - 62 = 69 + 1 = 70 (pinakamaliit na inc kukunin)

STEP 2: INC = 64
STEPS STEP 3: CLASS B 155.42.0.0
1. Count the No. of the network or IP to be (Lower IP limit) 155.42.64.0 - 155.42.127.0(upper IP limit)
Summarized. 155.42.128.0
2. Get the increment based on the exact number STEP 4: 155.42.64.0
of networks or IPs to be summarized. 155.42.127.0
3. Get range, 8 + 8 + 2 = /18
-copy the classful network address STEP 5: 155.42.64.0/18
- Add the increment to the octet where value
SUMMARIZE:
change. 62, 63
4. Get NSM 128, 129, 130, 131
-Convert the IP addresses to binary. 131 - 130= 1 + 1 = 2
-Identify the common bits. S1: 63-62 = 1 + 1 =2 129 – 128 = 1 + 1 = 2
S2: INC = 2 INC = 2
5. Get Summary Range Address
S3: CLASS B 155.42.0.0
-Copy the lower IP limit and add the NSM
(Lower IP limit) 155.42.62.0 - 155.42.63.0(upper IP limit)
155.42.64.0
GIVEN: 172.88.208.0/24 – 172.88.223.0/24
155.42.0.0
STEP 1: 223 - 208 = 15 + 1 = 16 155.42.128.0-155.42.129.0
STEP 2: INC = 16 155.42.130.0
STEP 3: CLASS B 172.88.0.0 S4: 155.42.62.0 155.42.128.0
(Lower IP limit) 172.88.208.0 - 172.88.223.0(upper IP limit) 155.42.63.0 155.42.129.0
172.88.224.0 8 + 8 + 7 = /23 8 + 8 + 6 = /22
SUBNET: 255 S5: 155.42.63.0/23 155.42.128.0/22
SUPERNET: 0 FINAL ANSWER: 155.42.64.0/18
155.42.63.0/23
STEP 4: 172.88.208.0 = I0I0II00.0I0II00.II0I0000.00000000 155.42.128.0/22
172.88.223.0 = I0I0II00.0I0II00.II0IIII.00000000
IIIIIIII + IIIIIIII +IIII NOTE: ALL LOWER IP LIMIT LANG ANG KUKUNIN.
8 + 8 + 4 = /20
STEP 5: 172.88.208.0/20 - SUPERNET
BINARY VALUES: 1028 512 256 128 6 32 16 8 4 2 1 CLASSLESS
SUBNET MASK WILDCARD MASK [VAL-1]
GIVEN: 172.100.30.0/24 – 172.100.67.0/24 /23 255.255.254.0/8.8.7.0 0.0.1.255
/29 255.255.255.248/8.8.8.5 0.0.0.7
/30 255.255.255.252/8.8.8.6 0.0.0.3
STEP 1: 67 – 30 = 37 + 1 = 38 (pinakamaliit na inc kukunin) /20 255.255.240.0/8.8.4.0 0.0.15.255
STEP 2: INC = 32 /11 255.224.0.0/8.3.0.0 0.31.255.255
STEP 3: CLASS B 172.100.0.0
(Lower IP limit) 172.100.32.0 - 172.100.63.0(upper IP limit)
172.100.64.0
STEP 4: 172.100.32.0
172.100.63.0
8 + 8 + 3 = /19
STEP 5: 172.100.32.0/19

SUMMARIZE:
30, 31
64,65,66,67
65 – 64= 1 + 1 = 2
S1:30 – 31 = 1 + 1 = 2 67-66 = 1 + 1 = 2 + 2 = 4 REVERSE SUPERNETTING WITH WILDCARD MASK
S2: INC = 2 INC = 4
S3: CLASS B 172.100.0.0 1. Convert wildcard mask to subnetmask
(Lower IP limit) 172.100.30.0 - 172.100.31.0(upper IP limit) - Get the value +1
172.100.32.0 2. Reverse subnetting
- get inc
-Copy the classful address
172.100.0.0 - add the increment to octet where subnetmask stop
172.100.64.0-172.100.67.0
172.100.68.0
S4: 172.100.30.0 172.100.64.0 GIVEN: 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.63
172.100.31.0 172.100.67.0 STEP 1: 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.63 + 1 = 0.0.0.64 8.8.8.2/26
8 + 8 + 7 = /23 8 + 8 + 6= /22 STEP 2: INC = 64
S5: 172.100.30.0/23 172.100.64.0/22 192.168.10.0
(range and subnet mask/ pag may wildcard mask) 192.168.10.64 – 192.168.10.127(pag
FINAL ANSWER: 172.100.32.0/19
walang wildcard mask)
172.100.30.0/23 192.168.10.128
172.100.64.0/22

NOTE: ALL LOWER IP LIMIT LANG ANG KUKUNIN. GIVEN: 172.16.16.0 0.0.15.255
WK 9 WILDCARD MASK STEP 1: 172.16.16.0 0.0.15.255 + 1 = 0.0.16.255 8.8.4.0/20
STEP 2: INC = 16
wildcard mask 172.16.0.0
- is the inverse of the subnet mask. To calculate it, flip all (range and subnet mask/ pag may wildcard mask) 172.16.16.0 – 172.16.31.0(pag
walang wildcard mask)
the bits in the subnet mask. Change 1s to 0s and 0s to 1s.
172.16.32.0
- is used to identify which bits of an IP address should be
checked and which should be ignored. It is mainly used in
Access Control Lists (ACLs) for routers and firewalls. WK 10 TRANSPORT LAYER FEATURES

CONVERT SUBNETMASK TO WILDCARD MASK TCP(TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL) - DATA TRAFFIC

CLASSFULL
/8 RELIABLE TRANSPORT OF DATA
SUBNET MASK WILDCARD MASK CONNECTION-ORIENTED
LF=255.0.0.0 /8 = 00000000.IIIIIIII.IIIIIIII.IIIIIIII FULL-DUPLEX
IIIIIIII.00000000.00000000.00000000 0.255.255.255 OR 0.8.8.8
ERROR RECOVER
CLASS A = /8 8.0.0.0
SUBNET MASK = 4 OCTED
SYNCHRONIZATION
/16 /16 = 00000000.00000000.IIIIIIII.IIIIIIII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CLASS B = /16 IIIIIIII.IIIIIIII.00000000.00000000
/24 /24 = 00000000.00000000.00000000.IIIIIIII
CLASS C = /24 IIIIIIII.IIIIIIII.IIIIIIII.00000000
UDP(USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL) – VoIP, VIDEO STREAMING, REAL TIME TRANSPORT OF DYNAMIC/PRIVATE PORT
DATA
- Range of port numbers that computers use to
UNRELIABLE TRANSPORT OF DATA (BEST EFFORT DELIVERY) open up sockets to connect to remote devices.
CONNECTIONLESS
HALF-DUPLEX
NONE TCP 3 WAY HANDSHAKE
NONE
NONE

TCP SESSION MULTIPLEXING

- Enables simultaneous remote connections to different
servers.

SOCKET 3 MAIN COMPONENTS 1. A TRANSPORT PROTOCOL: TCP OR UDP

2. IP ADDRESS
3. PORT NUMBER

3 CATEGORIES
1. WELL-KNOWN PORT NUMBERS 0-102
2. REGISTERED PORT NUMBERS 1024-49151
3. DYNAMIC/PRIVATE PORT #s 49152-65536

PORT NUMBERS
INCLUDED IN L4PDU
16 BIT HEADER 2^16 = 65536
POSSIBLE PORT # VALUES 0-65536

REGISTERED PORT NUMBERS

- Port numbers that are reserved and regulated
by the IANA for companies needing their own
set of static ports for their applications.
USO MAG REVIEW, WAG PURO ASA!! -MARY