Math 7 3rd Term
Uploaded by
María Belén GomezMath 7 3rd Term
Uploaded by
María Belén Gomez20
Unit 4: RADICALS
A radical expression is an expression involving the root symbol (√ ). The root
symbol itself, is called the radical. The radicand, represented by the value
inside the root symbol is the number that will be operated on, and the index of
the root represented by the value outside the root describes the type of
operation:
Roots and exponents are related. An exponential expression with a fractional
exponent can be expressed as a radical where the denominator is the index of
the root, and the numerator remains as the exponent.
Before stepping into the radicals, let's remember about the properties of
powers and roots
A) Properties of exponents
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B) Properties of radicals
Index simplification
Radical elimination
Index amplification
Finding factors of the radicand
In order to solve excercises with radicands we must find factors of the
radicands so that what is left inside the radical is the smallest number possible.
To find factors of a number we divide it by prime numbers.
If you don't remember how to do prime factorization, check out this video!
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How to simplify radicals
Rationalizing the Denominator
When a radical is in the denominator of a fraction, you can multiply the fraction
by an appropriate form of 1 to eliminate the radical from the denominator. This
process is called rationalizing the denominator
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Performing operations with radicals
A) Addition and substraction
Radicals with the same index and radicand are called like radicals. You can
add and subtract like radicals the same way you combine like terms by using
the Distributive Property.
B) Multiplication and division
To multiply or divide radicals, they must have the same index
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5)
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6)
7) Solve by rationalizing
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Unit 5: simple linear regression
Simple linear regression aims to find a linear relationship to describe the
correlation between an independent and possibly dependent variable. The
regression line can be used to predict or estimate missing values, this is known
as interpolation.
The calculation is based on the method of least squares. The idea behind it is
to minimise the sum of the vertical distance between all of the data points and
the line of best fit.
Consider these attempts at drawing the line of best fit, they all look like they
could be a fair line of best fit, but in fact Diagram 3 is the most accurate as the
regression line has been calculated using the least squares regression line.
The equation of the least squares regression line is
y=mx+b
Scatter diagrams
A useful first step in establishing the degree of association between two
variables is the plotting of a scatter diagram.
If there exists a relationship between measured variables, it can take many
forms.
In order to produce a good scatter diagram you should follow the steps given
below:
1. Give the diagram a clear title and indicate exactly what information is
being displayed;
2. Choose and clearly mark the axes;
3. Choose carefully and clearly mark the scales on the axes;
4. Indicate the source of the data.
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So, how do we create this type of diagrams?
First of all we need the data. Generally it will be given as a table and you will
have to decide which set of numbers correspond to the x axis (are the
independent variable), and which set of numbers correspond to the y-axis (are
the dependent variable).
Let's look at an example:
The mass (grams) of a chemical is related to the time (seconds) for which the
chemical reaction has been taking place according to the table:
Time Mass
(seconds) (grams)
5 40
7 120
12 180
16 210
20 240
Which one do you think is the independent variable and which one the
dependent one?
As the mass grows according to the time, the mass “depends on” the time, so
mass will go on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.
Here comes step 2: plotting the scatter diagram. We can do this step by hand
or by using spreadsheets as Excell or Google Sheets.
On a spreadsheet, if you go to “Insert” and then “Graph”, this window below will
open up in google sheets, then choose “linear graph”
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Now it is time to add the series of data to our graph. Where it says “data
interval” you need to select the data you'll be adding. Be sure to choose
“scatter graph” onto “type of graph”
So this is our graph!
Now, be sure to add a proper title, eliminate the background, add proper
names to the y and x axis, and add ticks to the axis
Now we need to find the equation of the least square regression.
On “Series” click on “Tendency line” and check the box that says “Show R^2”
The tendency line is linear, so it will be
giving us a linear function that represents
the tendency of our data.
The R^2 is the value of the least square
regression.
It is ideal for this value to be between 0.95
and 1
In “label" be sure to choose “use equation”
so it will give us the linear function that
represents our data.
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Finally, our graph is finished! You can see the value of R^2 and the function that
represents our data on top of the graph.
What do we use this graph for now?
Suppose I want to know, without doing a new experiment, the amount of mass
I'll have at 15s. I can replace that value on the equation and find the mass!
Below are a list of exercises to practice simple linear regression. They are to be
made in a google spreadsheet document and handed in.
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1)
2)
3)
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4)
5)
6)
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