COMPUTER BASICs

6. SSI: Small Scale

1. Organization
of2Computer: Integration.
7. EDP: The:e work caried
Introduction: called Electronic Data out by a
produces system is
Computers accepl data and
useful infomationbyperforming
various
operations
8. INPUT UNIT: An unit
Ex: Keyboard, Mouse.
Processaccepling. s data.
that
operations like anthmetic
(addition, multiplication ctc.), logical 9. OUTPUT UNIT: An unit
that
operations (companion) output operations
information in
infomation. Ex:Monitor, Printer. produces
and finally stores the 10. CPU: Central
electronic form.
brain (heart) of Processing
the
Unit called the
The primary unitsolacomputer are: words we can call computer. (In simple
processor)
1. Input unit 11. Memory Unit: A(MU) part of CPU
2. CPU (Cenlral Prncessing Unit) consists of RAM and ROM.
3. Memory Unit (Aunillary storage / 12. RAM:(Random Access Memory):voltalite
Stores
secondary storage unit) data temporarily, also called
4. Öutput Unit. memory.
- CPU 13. ROM: (Read Only Memory): Stores data
MU
Permanently during manufacturing.
TYPES OF ROM:
Input ALL Output EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read
Unit Unit only Memory.
Cð
PROM: Programmable Read only
Memory.
EEPROM: Electrically Erasable
Sccandary Programmable Read only Memory.
storage unit
KEY PONTS: .14. REGISTERS: Group of flip flops. Ex:
1. DATA: Collection of facts and figures bit Register
16 bit Register
2. INFORMATION: Processed Data
32 bit Register
3. ENIAC(Electronic Numericai
64 bit Register
Integrator and calculator):
The first electronic computer designed in 15. FLIP FLOP: Basic meamory unit or cell
1946, used vaccum tube switching devices. to store 1bit. Ex: J-k flip flops.
4. VLSI: Very Large Scale
Integration with 16. MAR: Mcmory Address Register
around 50,000 traasistors. 17. MDR: Memory Data Register.
5. LSi: Large scale 18. MICROPROCESSOR: Programmabie
lotegration.
logic device.
2 Computer Awareness
19. MICROCOMPUTER: Personnel
32. PASCAL-CALCULATOR:
computer with limited facilitieg The first
MINICOMPUTERS: Uscd for mechanical adding
20. large
yolume processng. Ex: Services in Local invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.machine
Arca Network (LAN). 33. Difference Enginc: Pcrformed and
21. MAINFRAME COMPUTERS: These devcloped by Charles Babbage to perform
operate at avery large storage capacitics differential equations.
34. ENLAC: Electronic
and support hundrcds of users. Numerical Integratcr
uses electronic vaccum tubes.
12 SUPERCOMPUTERS: Fastest and 35. EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable
most cpensive machines. Used to
structure of virus such as those
Automatic Computer (EDVAC) - stored
causing program concept by Von Neumann.
AIDS.
36. EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage
23. CONTROL UNT: Part of CPU. Automatic Calculator dcvcloped by British.
co-ordinates and controls all the activities 37. First generation (1940-56)- used Vaccum
of thesystem (computer). tubes.
24. BUSES: Gröup of wires 38. Second generation (1956-63)- used
25. TYPES OF BUSES: transistors.
CONTROL BUS: Carries signals likC 39. Third generation ( 1964-71)- used
ntegrated circuits
INTR (intcrrupt signal).
DATA BUS: Carries data bits. 40. Fourth generation (197-prescnt)
ADDRESS BUS:Carries Address bits of Microprocessors.
memory iocation. 41. Fifth generation - Prescnt and Beyond
26. INPUT DEVICE: Adevice that scnds Arilicial intelligeace.
data to the system. Ex: Keyboard, Mousc. 42. TYPES OF COMPUTER:
27. KEYBOARD:Traditional input device for Digitai Computer-Which operates on
entering data intoacomputer system. Text .cOunting method.
are storcd in ASCIIFormat or in EBCDIC 43. Aaalog Computer: Which opcrates on
format. measuring method. Ex: Mcsuring Pressure,
28. ASCII: American Standard Code for
Voltage etc.
44. liybrid Computer: Conbination of both
Infornation Interchange
29. EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Analog and digital computer.
Interchange Code. It is ©n 8- bit code. 45. Laptop: Smaller in size, battery powered
30. GUI: Grapbicai Uscs interface GUI or AC - powered
46. Note books: Costlier than laptops. They
applications require pointing devices such
as mousc.or a pen for selccting various
weight 216z kgms.
objccts like menu items, put buttons, list 47. Palmtops: Also known, as PDA (Personal
boxes etc. Digital Assistant)
31. ABACUS: Emerged about 5,000 years 48. Wearable Computers: Size is very small
ago in Asian minor and is considered as and can be worn on the body' itself. Ex:
Insulin neter.
frst computer.
Computer Basics 3

49. Workstations: arc used lr engincering 12. Light pen: it is a pen based device
applications like (CAD - Cmputer Aided includes PDA(Personal digital Assistants).
Design). The commonly scd operating usc apcn lor data input.
system are UNIX and Windows NT. 13. Scanner: Scanners are used to scan the
INTRODäCTION TO CÔMPUTER black / white and coloured images and
ORGANIZATION INPUT UNIT conncct it lo a digital data. Scaaners are
OMR,OCR.
1. Iuput Uait: The following are the input 14. Bar code Reader: Reads paterns of
devices used punched cad, Kcyboard, printed bas on library books. productsnd
Mouse, Bar Code Reader, Mouse, SO On.
Scanner, OMC, OCR.
0UTPUT UNIT
2. Puached Card: Uscs stred program
concept and are called ofMixdevice. They 15. MMonitor: Commonly uscd ofp device.
arc also known as IBM cards, invenied by lypes of Monitors:
Hcrmon Hollerith. 16. ÇRT Munitors: Cathodc ray tabe
3. Keyboart: Onine lnput drice. monitor used in Desktop compulcrs,
4. Alphanumeric keys: Keys used for tclcvision, displays an image on the scTen.
numerical figures and Alphabets. 17. LCD Monitors: Liquid crystal Display
5. Function Keys: Keys latekd as F1, F2, uscd special type of Liquid erystel to
...F12. display image. It is called flat screcn or
6. Special Keys: Start, Shotcut, Delete, TFT (Thin Filas transistor) uscd in PDA,
Calculators, Watches.
Backspace
7. Numeric Keypad: Locateç on right hand 18. Plasma Screen: used in plasma TVs.
side of the keyboard. 19. Printer: Next to monitor is printers.
8. Mouse: advent of graphical 1ser Intctface 20. Types of Printer:
led to introduction ofMouse tisalso called Inmpact: Crcates au image using print and
as Pointing deviçe. hammers, Ex: Dot Matrix Pinter, Line
9. Tvpes of Mouse: printer, Dairy whcel printer.
Mectanical Mouse: a sml rubber ball Non- Inipact Priaters: are laserjet, ink
that protrude through a hokin the bottonm jctand thermal printers.
of amouse's care. 21. Plotter: Special kind of output device. It
Optical Mouse: a bcarn of ight is used. is used for large printouts in Architect, civil,
the Cnginccrs, interior dccorates etc.
10. Touch screen: discs sens0cs on
the
Screen surface to delcct he touch of 22. VDU: Visual Display Unit or Monitct
finger. They are used in the following 23. Resolution: numbcr of dots displaycd in
arcas: X and Y co-ordinates. Typical screen is
: (a) ATM (Automaled TelleMachie) possible with 640 x 480 dols.
(b) Coffee shops, Super Mikets 24. Refresh rates: number of tins per
tlached lo sccond that the inage is redrawn the
11. Joysticks: These are monitor scrcen:
computer to play gamcs.
 12. I1.
address PC: 10.
Interrupt:
a"/o dithis the 9. 8.
coded R: the thNIDR:
location.
addressed e theMAR: magnciic 7. 6.
Program MDR diaks memorySecoaiary 5. 4.
of device point,Ihstruction dasa addrcss logether Feripheral
unitinslractiorIS.Registers:
of 3. PROCESSING
and elc., processing MU:
activities
(,>,>=).CU: 2. CENTRAL UNIT:
1. 25.
the Memory to Mcmory an d lemporary OR,
subtraction,(t,
arithmetic
ALU:Arithmetic MU.andCU
An the are The
CPU: pictures. quality dot s
Pixels
memorycounter interrupt for cxecuted. be of used lapes, devices sccondary krOWn controls NOT) ,
services instruction transferred regisler: written the storage data of ,) more
desitcs: The arc consists
a Addrcss storetohard
datlocation storage the and and (Picture
location.keeps suchperipheral as CPU stored system.and and multiplication
relational logical
operations
number
the
by is into
Registers instruction
huge disks devices: storage Theunits-used consists co-ordination, and three of elemeat):
the a
request is toThe or Registers to as
input
in
Logic
tracks ready contents
the Memory Unit. operations
processor. read bc
infornation. andfloppy major of
IR. contains accessed. additionai devicus.deviccs uni', of operations like pixels
trom to compaci requrcd and Unit
the out holds disks, to a units array
be At of of output store number addition,
division performs gines
arc al (AND,
12. Floppy Disk:l1. for the like ALU, morc of
10. 9. tiny
systemare sectors. availablestores future
Compact use. 2. 7.
Mcmory
lHard Secondsry registersPegister:
calied Compascd memOry
cache2re sDccd
CACIE 5.
slored (Eclricai
Circuing
Programmable EEIROi: EPROM: be
Only altercd. 6. 3. MEMORY: COMPUTER
2.MEMORY:
large disk: crased
Memory) PROM: TYPES futurc usc. ROM:
memory,
voltalite computer memoryis RAM: (a)Types Prinary
1.
in built
opticalDisk:
storagc 40 is stores Regisiers. is as bciyeen Rik.thisin en:ory) RAM in
volume called Intenial. io MERO? and Random computer of
Stores GB, a Memory: nonnai is (Erasable
(Programmable Data OF Read loosed
The secondary large yord rcecc re-vilien. ROM: switched Primary
(b) Memory:
60 CIU Daia stored only
data GB, of amount kcad Acccss
its ROM
magnetic information. memory zLernory. !Jsed. and siored it ismemory(b) (aAwareness
Secondary ) Computer
size. To Programmable stores
Memory content
off Memory: primary or
80 The io in
system.The on storage
GB, or compensate
main
! crase only PROM due Memory main Primary
memory
tracks Auxillarydataof size of is in intormation
storage 160 menory Read to as memory. memorytheor
device very
memory, Menory) ihe Drasabla cannot any
is soontheas is
and GB. It oi CPU
for the is fast a voltalite a
reason.
is he data can Read only non
be for

5. 4. 3.
is
Application 2. 27. 26. 25. 1 24. 23.
carriedAssembles,
compiler.systemApplication
System
software.
(System
b) Software:
Software (a) Typesdesired
of joleth.e douscEardwatc:
Sofware: cisysien
c. is
!.
TODLi2:is
2 . 21. 20. 19. 18. 17.
16. 15.
LANGUAGES
COvIPUTER I ZB: 23: ! PB: 1TB: 1 1 1 1Nibble: 14.
lo used
Softwere:
device
a
YTR: GB: MB: KB: 1 using DVD Byte:
Memory.
CD-ROM: moreoncc.lhan WORM: ComputBasiercs
be
CR-R:market.
are writing disk. most
13.

perform Ex:Keyboard,
Setiardware.
cailea i02 1024 1324 1024 1024 1024 1024 1024 changed somc
software: to 8 CD-Writable
operate of
The used
(Moduiator 2BEEPBTBGBMBKB bits bits 4(Digital
-
CDs(Writc on
Thcywidely
lo Bytes. ROM. oa Ex: aare
specified instructions physical (Zeitabyte)
(Exabyic)
(petabyte) is is Compact
also connecí (Gigabyte)
(Terabytc)
(Megabyte) (Kilo equal cqual Video this CD- Musi c on thin uscd
is which once nolal laser
software a thcalled
e and byte) CD.
to to Disk) once optical
system. componcnt your 1 Disk read
beain
application CD
operating io
Dcnodulator)
(Yottabytc) Bye.Nibble wesurfacc. systein
written
which perform computer can available Read inany): rcadingfor
- can
Ex: read writc is
ci
data
cannot
Only data Therc compuct
a and
Flowcbart:18. in
17. 16. 15. Middic-Bevel-Banguaços:
14.
algorithm programs izngiage 13. 12. 10.
Algorithm: Computer (object
lhcinstruction. at
language
Inierpreter: codeCompiler:
lo ianguage)"C".Ex: asindependcnt.
janguage a
11. 9. 8. 1. 6.
a progranner nachinc
contains
Higb-leve! S086
language
symbols
Assemtbly Macine by categorics.
timc low Middle-level
the
language. 4.
High-level 3.
Asscmbly
language 2.
languageComputer
Machinc 1. Language:
between Balance designcdby
[.anguagcs.
Packages: andKlnds
code). computer the
is instead (source cbjecd code. -
called
PictorialsoBvingtheorStep progran: to level English (Machine and language: cnd
the Sheet, ofApplcation
But that machinc that can language: anguages: user for
of }augui letters usefmcans a An
flowchart. by whole code)
translates transiate translates programmisg do type is language Stockparticular
represenltionof au stProgramisa
ep called and is
application
w language oL1 dependent). called
nachine oÍge: is Language
language the of
Lcdger.
problera.method program. bigh-levcl words. called Machine Classified Software:
one Aigh'era bigh langu2ge communic:
computer. astask
staterelangua or (ach package as
lo
set SU - as Thes Ex: Asser hat langu unders intc rec pro
 12. commands: DOS11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 1
commands.
Extemal (b
commands)
Internal (a) files. of File : The
management of , Hardware.
of
Kernal: isolates
Collection BIOS: shel
Th
()
e l MS- Externalin arc through CUI: 1 DOS: L.
the
automatically Laternal Di rect ory: al th e
BI O S
() command. the
internal
prescnt
Interaal
commands.
computer shell:
It
is system systen. It DOS: cxternal Character Disk
MS-DOS Basic memory
Commands:
command: Way th e It is
the low-level
of Commands:
structured memory imtemalin Operating
loisaded primary iscalls. file
uscr
ofcommand a system machine input Ex:
slarted into organizing unit processes It frohdevice Kemel (ji) DIR,
the
The aindependent
nd Output
inCommands is memnoryCommands nteriaceOPERATING System.SYSTEM
and program of detailsdrivers thrce callcd MD,
memory and interpreter.
storage. interpretation
executed memory system: ways. cxlcrmal RD, isinteracting
goupi n g ofwhich stored CD calledwhich
whed that part the
is
16. 14. 13.
20. 19. 18. 17. 15.
orcnv°onment.UNIX Imain configurations.
simultancously.
LINUX:mcmory. Booting: Muli
processing ATTRIB:
usedUNLX: Scandisk: Chkdsk:arguments Ex: provided are External directly
Dir,
CPU. thc inCommon
afactnd Spool g:cont rolsiultaneously.
, prograns
consisting
OperationsMultiprocessor:Multiprocessing: several moredescribc typcd MD,
specd ,operating A tasking:
for
is command: as CD,called is
intcrconnecled
independent Loading standmulti Gives a thc Scans
disk
thCheck
e are at
mismatch on twoof
Sinultaneously frecly
called separate
the a RD, Awareness
Computer
line. performs tasking
alone the prompt intemal
CLS.
or available
system of
A inore A CPUS files.ofstorage extemal
status The
betwteeenchnique computer computers A MS and
operaling
program
alongcommandscommand.
CPU's term on
version - scveral
that DOS distributed spacc. command
pheripherals
Voto used
a with and
devicesreduce undersystem executes with desktop of fles tasks system its tht are Ex:
two o the in
a

8. 7. 6. 5 4. 3. Infonnaion 2.
is 1. Computer
Basics
(c) devel(a) opcd ThcENCIA(cENIAC
EAVACEDVAC (a)
) clectronic The Gottfid (a) FirstAbacus
(c) calculator (c) (a)
Calculator (c) (a)system Bastc
1s (c) Collection
Dat(a) Compuler
output(d) Processcd
Manipulated input(c) data(b) Dat(a) (d) PASCAW
NUEMANN VONBLAISE
(cCHARLES
) (b) coriputer.
BABBAGE (a)
first !irstBlaisce Microprocessor
CPU Processcd NONE
ncchanical componcrl on
stored
by elcctronic Pascal
vaccum was of OF
Von ischip a data facts
THE
invented called
Neumaniprogram
(EVDAC
d) (b) n tubes
) (b) computer
(dENAIC
Noneofthe
above. Neumann
(d) Von(b)
machinc Nore
Computer
(d) (b) (d) (b)
of
(b) and
(d) input
any CompuBer ABOVE called
is

are Charles by
first
Processor Nonc figures COMPUTERS
BASICs OF
None conputcr All
microconputer the
called computer the
ofthe calledis made of above the
of are father
Baleteage "Pascal abovethe above callcd
above. was up of
ol
13. MICROCOMPUTERS12. are I. 10. EDSACmeans 9.
15. 14. (a)
(c)PDA (a) computers ) computcrs
(d) cornputcr (Analog
(cDigital Hybrd (c)Digial(b) (amethod
Microcomputer
) compuier
computer
(dAnalcg
b) (a) computr ) callci The (c) (a) First (d) (c)
Transistors
is (b)
(d) (c) (b) (a) CADDesktopPalmtop
applications
engi
(c) nceri
(a) ng The PDAS Palmtops Personnc! Vaccum Electronic Flectronic
None Calculator
Electronic
Calculator
Computer Computer stands
Computer
Computer None compulcr gencration
foliowing of
are of tuhcs the
for aiso these that Delay Delay
Advanced
Aided AidedDesign compuers above Discrete
Workstations(Laptop
d) (b)
computer known
(c) PADS(b) aperates (c) (b) Automatic Storage
discreteDesign Area Registers
AU
are
Design None as Store
on of made Automatic
is of the Compuler.
used the cOuning alone Auto
up 7
above. of
for
 7. 6. 5. 4. 3, 2. 1. 17, 16. 8
(d) (a)Online
(c) Keyboard (c) Punched
(a) IBMPunchcd
(c) cards(a) ) deviçePunched
(cOffline (c) (a) Pick CPU(c) Input
(a) Printer(d) Keyboard Uni(at) The
Uni(a)tControlOutputUni(c)t Input (4) (c) (b) (a) CBT (d) (c) (6) (a)
CAM
NoncOnline VoHeman
n both both Bar the brain Computer
Computer
ComputComputer
er stands NoneComputComput
code odd Uni
ALUantd
, er Comput
er er stands
of Neumamn
is card &b a card a çards of of
Offiline
the device anHollcith is &&b INTRODUCTION
is are Reader man the leased BoardBusinessBusiness for the Aided Aided lor
above invented also out computer above. Advanced
device (d) (b) known (d)Online device(b) Mousce(b) Memory(dOutput
) Registers
Uni(b)t trainingTraining
Technology Manipulator
b) (d) (b) CPUregiscr
(d) (b) Manufacturing
Nonc
Hollerith Nonc OfMline
card None training
OfliFe by
as is Manufacturing
of of of is
device these Von these these part a INPUT
UNIT
TO

of COMPUTER

12. 11. 10. (17.d) (C13.)

9. 8. (a)9. (o)S. (a) 1.
) (0) (a) GUI Ctrls(c) + (a)
(cMultimedia
Keyboard
Printer(0) Mouse commands menu
Ct(ar)l .... Space
keysCt(rcl) pads (cba)r keys(a) mcnu functiÍn
Function The Alphanumeric
keysSpecial
(d) keys(c) Keys
(Keypad(a) calleadreKeys
b) Alphabets
Numeric
lcd Curenables
l following ORGANIZATION
Keys used
the
to +
k
are for
KEYANSWERS
(14.d)
(10.a) (c)6. (b)2.
devclopment to key
keyboard save used numerical Awareness
Computer
is
(d) (b) Fuáction
aNone ) keys(b)
(dof Windows logo(d) Jackbar() used
as
(1c5). (Ib1). (a)7. (a)3.
Ctrl +Ctrl fle shortcut to
of t open figures
s u the (1b6). (12.c) (a)8. (d)4.
these to
the start and

21. 20. 19. means

OCR18.
Vodaphone(c) (a) The (c) (a) Bar (d) (c) (b) (a) OMR 17.
16. Computer
(d) (c) (b) (a) Mouse(c) Lighlpenconvert(a) ....
15. make
ATM14. 13. Basics
Microcomputer
following Printed Printed
bi ts Code None OpenOpticalOptical Light
pe(
nc)
Pen-light (a)
Pen-leased (c) screen
Touch(a) The screen
Touch(c) Trackbal(a)l (d) (c) (b) (a) ATM
None
slands OpticalOpticalOptical i.s Track following Auto
Automated AlAny
styles Rcader ofmarkmarker Mark of into itused time stands
is these. for characier
these charcontroB device ball Teller Time
recognition digital scan to useof
yoice a reads recognized Recognition recognition is Machine
money
Teller Money for
Microphone(4) (b) (Printed
d) bars(b) recognition is uscd
followings
Speaker Input None patterns Recognition Scaner(d) Track(b) coloured
data 0CR(d) OMR(b) called (d) Mouse(b)
for (d) Mouse(b) Machine
Joysticks gatnes None
device of
thesc of ball images of
these
and
7. 6. 5.
(c) (b) (a) dpi Non-Impact (a)
(d) (c) contact The (d) (c) Printer
4. 3. 2. 1. 22.
(b) LiCarbon
n(ca) Printer(c)
Monitor
(a) Hard Monilors
(d) (c) (a) TFT technology.
Plasma (c) (a) Desktop
Iatermiediate
(device
d) (c)
dots dots dotsstands None both (a) (c) (c) (b) (a) MICR
type None Daisy Dot None CRT isLCD CRT None Output
Monitor
per page per copy Magnetic
NoneMagnetic
for of &b a with of Matrix copy also Magnetic
stands
inch increment of whecl Monitors
of MonitorsMonitors computers is
OUTPUTUNIT
inch the the
printer the O/p known of commonly of
of these these device these InkInked
above. paper, abovePrinterPrinter document is Ironed for
(d) obtaincd character
Impact(b) whose (d) (b)
Typewrite (b)
as
(d) (b) makes character
None is (b) used. Character C
called None LCD None
obtained is
head ley Plasmamonitor Input
of use Recopnibon
thes of an Monitors of device Recognito
Recogaizer
as these these of
not by ...
 0
i0. 9. 8.
1. Laser(dI)ntePrirm(cal)nter
Printer 6)lPriakj(aen) t er The
Controlling
2.
(c) 3 (a) 2 CPU
1.
(c) Typi(a) cal (
Nonc
d)
Voic
(
e
0
13.
)
Video
()
Vis
(
ual
a)
12.

type
line-line
VDV Plotter(c) Inkje(at) The printer Lin(ce) printer
Daisy
d nter A(d) (c) priLasern(o)cr
(b) (a) calleThermalprinter
pri None
PriInkjn(cat) er A
page
or
text Matrix enviroament type of
Dot
Uni':)t Input
Output Uni(at) doneby
is
consists
640 660 stands of wheel that of via vt
x display
480 480
x displayofdisplaydisplay printer is the is Printer prLANinters
these for
printer used above prunted
and of screen unit unit unit
co-ordination .....najor
(d) 1 (b) 4 (d) 680x440(b) is
(c) lascr(b)
used (d)
prnt
to
at connections used
(Control
c) Unit(b) for None time a
of abovethAlel large line in
both CENTRALUNIT None
PROCESSING
of by by office
a of printouts these line
the of
&c units.
thesc is
systemn - Picture15. 14.
16.
Refresh
(d) Pixels(c) rat
(ea) Image
21.(d) 17.(d) 13.(c) (d)9. (a)5. (ß1.
) (c) (a) More Image(c) Pixels(a)
13(c.) (6)9. (b)5. (a1.
) None
4. 3. both Image the redrawn
clement
means
Memory(c) (a) called The NOT(c) AND(a) Which
operation ANSWERS
KEY a number of
10.(c) (a)6. (cINPUT
)2.UNIT &bsize the Awareness
Computer
Controltemporary of 1(24). (10.c} (a)6.OUTPUT
(a)2.UNIT 22.(c) 18.(c) 14.(c) above
per
the of second is
Resoution(b)
Unit following Resoltion(b) PixelsRefresh
Quality(d)
Resolution
rate(d) (b)
storage 19.(a) 15.(d) (11.@) (a)7. 3.
Flip() ()
flops ADN(d) (OR
b) i(Sa). (11.c) (c)7. (b)3. (d).. morc called
Registers units is the.
not 20.(b) 16.(c) 12.(c) (b)8. 4.
in a 16.(d) 12.(a) (d)8. (c)4. (a)
CPU logical
are

Computer
5. Basics
.8 . 7. 6.
11. 10. 9.
(c) (b) (a) MAR drip(vecn)e (a) device ThStorage b) (sta) orage The
edevices(dPheripheral
) (devices
The (d)
l, (c) (a) byAn(c1R
) Which Interrupt
), address
(cMC (aPC
) MAR(a) which The (c) (b) (a) communication
y y stands Compact following lnput devices input
y Memor
two NoneMemorMemor
Auxillary
memory
(d) (c) b)Primary
(a) the
request contents both MDR MAR devices unit,
Main MEMORY
both Built COMPUTER Acceptance processor of a && of
register
of following &b registers thAddress
ese accountAccept for disk is outare put
a in memory the from of MAR MCR
&
memory memory - the with Dot
RAM(d) (b) togelicr unit (c)
c memory is is anMDR(c) register a
is (d) (bcalled
(d) (b) Pb usedIntemuption) Vo (bMR ) MDR (d) the that r Register
registeregister Floppy.disksccondary Output
also
None location. toNone device
None
is memory
facilitate known and
known keep of transferred of devices secondary
of for these is storage as.,
as these. track these service the
to
the 3. 2.
5. 4. (a) RAM
6. (d) (c)
Voltalite
memory
(b) (a) ROM (d) (c) b)
10. 9. 8. 7.
(d) (b) betwcen(a) Cache
) Whi
(c) re-written
EEPROMEPROM (aerased h (c) Which
and cPROM. EPROM (a)
Non None Both Voltalite
Nonmenory is
(Auxillary
seçondary
(c) memory
b) (a) (c) Capacitors
flops
Flip
(a) The Registers
(c) (a) Flip None Bot h is
- a
c) disk(a) Data Primary
(floppy memory
CPUand CU CPU is - a
of vol&b
talite
a
both basic îlops is
that of &b avoltalite
Magnctic Main and memory that these
ROM these
stored and
a unit are
memory
on
memory &b Auxillary
group
ALU mai n ROM- memory memory
of EEPROM
(d) (b)
disk tracks
memory transistors (b ) (c)compensate PROM(d) ROM(b) where
memory which
is (a) flops
Fl i
(bp) (d) of All
(d) tape(b) and (d)
Magnctic also memóry CPU of can
Nonc None
None sectors Nonc called is and
data th e be
called of the
of of of
these CU canabove altered 11
these arethese these
as specd be
calicd
 19. 18. 17.16.
(d) (0) (b) (a) DVD (d) "(c) . 15.
b) (aModem
) Terabyte(c) bj t(
eaTY
) T8 (
KB
c) 1 MB
(a) 1
1024
14. 13.
NoneDigitalDigitalDigital NoncAnalogAnalogDigital bi
(ct)
s KB.(a) 4 (d) (c) (b). The12. 12
stands stands bits (a)WORM bcan lascr(c) beam
light
(a) compact
Compact 11.
MB Write Write WTitc Writc disk
(d) (c)
floppy
dis( a
k) driveFloppy
Pen(a)
of of is is (c)
Version visualVideo equal Optical following both
thesc. for these toAnalog. to toused for is once
optical once only stands
DigitalDigital to
equal disk a disk
Disk disk Disk to
read storage &
connect (d) read Rcad uses
Tero
byte(b) (d) IG(Bb) to Nibble(d) byt(6e) read for is b. reads
and memory not
None None many signals
Radar (d) rays(
UV
b)
visaversa memory Mcmory system Hard disk(b) floppy CD-(b) data
a (d) drive
drive optical
of of using
these these storage

system
8. 7.
(d) (c) () "C"is
Assembly
language ) (c)Assembly 6.
(6)
language (a)
independeatWhich
language
Machine () (c)Assembly(b) (a) language
language (d) (c) (b) (a) and The 5.
8085 Assembly
Machine 4. 3.
None Middle high both high languáge Packages(c) examples
(OS
a) Balance
of 2. [.
Middle high Excel
(c) Paint
(b)
Microsoft word(a) The (c) (OS
a) Software
The Hardware
(c) (a) Sct
an is Middle high ietters
following
of level
example &b alevel of an following LANGUAGES
COMPUTER
Assembler following ofinstruction
these level the level - -
language - examples level- 'are
language language - following level language level - called sheet
of (d) languagc is
language - Banguage
of 'anguage - Hardwares (d) (b)
Software
and not not
is Awareness
Computer
None Assembler(d) Computer
system. (d) (b) called is
(d) (6) Primewore
Compiler
is that stock application a system a
of None
not
thesc uses ledgers
machine software of
symbols software these
are

Java
uses18.
17, The16. 15. 14.
Interprclercompiler
(c) (a) Algorithm() (a) called Pictorial
Compiler () PrOgram Opcode
means13. 12. 1.
ilowing
Assembler (a) (c) Input
code(2) The (system c) (a) System Operating (d) Operation
code(c) code(6) (a) Interpreter (c) (a) at A
Interpreter (c)
Assembler (a) Source (c) (a)
10. Comput
9.Basics
er
translatorObject output both All a
system Sourcc (c) (a)Object
representalion at software the Operation both time botProgram
h SecretMachine
a a code
chart once code of b & above software
& called is a code code
translator isthat compler a ogramb)
System
code. co b is && code
is
-
both
(0) 6)
Assembler (0) () (0) (0) cailed
Lnterpreter (4Source
) code (b) () is ding translated code b code is
bot h
flowchart translate als o (d)
compiler(0)
ofNone Program
is
Nonc called None
that compüer(d) 0) (d) (b) (0) (0)
a b a translates None to None machinc None Source
&c &c program of of
these the as of of object of
code these these of
entire one these code these code these code
is line
by
8. 7.
(4) (c) (b) ATTRIB (a) (c) command 6. 5.
command
Extrnal (b) (aChkdsk
Internal ) (c) Shel(a)l called isThe (d) (c) (b) (a) BIOS (c) c(ad)r 4. 3.
None Status statusCheck both Short directory
(d) (c) Remove
Remove (b) dís(ka) RD(d) command 2. meansCUI 1,
both None Basic bot(
hc) a
Extermal
command(b) (a) DIR (d) (c) (b) (a)
Internal
machine Biasc Basic stands both None Remove stands Noñe none Character
of of of the is &b a is
a fom Computer
is Character
OPERATING SYSTEM
thesedeleted files used an &b tinput/output of Inter Input a an
these & of of of example of
status to independent for b create these and for
these &b these
(d) output / unit uses user
fles of check (d) Kemal (b) output delete
None (d) (b)cd
Dir None system directory of Input
InterTruption
Intcrface
the system system None
of of port
these these of of is
the these
OS
 1. UNDX9.isa
12.
(d)Bootin(cgSpol Loading(4) calleLoad ding
) ing() (d) (c) (0) ()
Multiproccessing
(a) Autopilots Real-time
(d) system ) systUniem(a)versity
()_ystem(6On-line None Time Real
of ofTíme lti as-king
Mu
(d) (c) (On-line
6) system
exampl e s of None
None Time Rcal Time
of time -
sharing ansharing
d Registration these
of DOS these sharing
these industrial files, system Operat
0Sing
systcmsystems systcm
'main in
control is
an system
example memory
system
of is
are
(17.c) 13:(c) (a)9. (c)5.(4) 1. (c) 9. (a)S. (c)1.
(17.b) (b),13. (a)9. (c) 5. (c)1. PROCESSING
CENTRAL
UNIT
(a)9. (a)5. (b)1.
LANGUAGES
COMPUTER COMPUTER
MEMORY
ANSsWERS
KEN
OPERATING
SYSTEMS 18.(c) (14.b) (10.C) (a)6. (a)2.
(10.a)
(d) 6. (6)2. Awareness
10.(c) (b)6. (a)2. 18.(c) (14.a) 10.(a) (a)6. -2(d.) Computer

1(a9). 15.(d) (41.

) (a)7.(a) 3. 11.(a) (c) 1. 3.
(15.c) 11.(b) (a)7.(d)3. (d)
i1. (6)7. (c)3.
(a).
16.(b) (1d2).8..(6) (a)4. (6)8. 4.
12. (b)8. (6)4. 1(6c.) 12.(a) (6)8. (c)4. b)
(6)

points:
-Key Computer
Basics
(Radix)
Base: 5. 2. 1.
Systems:
Nunber 6. (a) (b) ·neaning.certain
(a) Types Number
Ex: the intotal The Ex: (b)
"
"Octal Bi"naryDecimal
Positional The () (symbols) t() positidefinite
DigiPositional
(ü) Positional Roman Non-Positional
on. whereNon-Positional
of Positional Number
System
Hexadecimal Number
System Basenumbernumber base of values
The
décimal Position non-positional Number System:
ofDecimal of each Number
NumberNumber ofthe 489
valueis base value Number
system. Number
diferentnumber number of theof Number symbol
and
Number
System:REPRESENTATION
NumberSystem Number 2 the irrespective System
Number System have DATA
System 10 489number digit System number
symbolssystem in
System: repre_ents,
is pre-definedsystem
System System the contains an
System:
defines system. number example
system, of bolds
available
is the 3
10. the
7.
8. Note: 1906.21 = Decimal 10 Decimal
symbols Note:decimal.
13.375 in :. = =
(13.375% = (Most
= -2
Therefore
BiEx: narycontains
symbols.
0-9 = =
0.01 1x 2x |D90621 10
The : Binary +1 | 0x |x
MSB x 10'10 Number
Significant 1000 10+9x
10- Position
radix (either The8+4+0+1+0+0.25
x0.25+1
x
8+ 2+2-+ 2Number the
representation 2' base +9 +1
is Binary x4+0 1 lx 1xbit) x x Values 10 System:
2 O 2°
System: or 100 10710+0
(base). or x 22+1 +0
(Least 2
radix +0
10*4Positional
1)
system 0.125x2+1 22
x as
10!powers Values
xx2'
Significant
2 is +6x|
of 10. +
contains 1101.011
x1+0x0.5
0.125
+ + LSB 6x
|x bit) Since x0.1+ 10° 10.of 15
20 it +
2 is +
 11.
()decimalanother
8ystem.
Converting 14
2|
23-0 2/ 612 227 (27),, Ex:Binary
=
Converting Conyersions :It B- Note:
64206,19 = =Fx 16
:27).[111OII. |-1 13 contains 11, Ex:FAlCE
|5x .. Note:
lexadecimal contains
The(0-7). : Ex:25 9..Octal System:
Number
- C It 1616'
16+Ax
4096 1 616 (2157),
Rernainder contains
. base Also (1135),, - = *2
-2x512+|
1024
16 12, +10 *8
symbols,
from D is 'since = +
decimal - 16+Cx Number 8. (1135), 64 +|
ofI system 13, -90 256+ x
+
Octal 408?+5x x
one hence E-and x
14, +7 64
tosystem 12 16' System: Number +5x8+7
system F A
- ×
any lcase - 16+ +Ex 8'+7
15. F,A
other is - 14 Systcm
to to 16. 10, x 16 x1 gx
(Most |
12.
(a) Significant
number
system
Convertiug MSD
8|1 -3 8| 95
85 765 8|
.1x (Lcast
Digi) 0 11
59, = =| =
11101 (c) from
Converting
|x 1- -
x32+1 7 Convcrtíng
26519 Ex 0.31250.50000.25001.2500 0.62500.6250
top (b)
2'
25+1 0.6250 2x 0.3125x2 0.3125 Convertiag
ExBinary
:
+| to
x x x Binary Binary bottom. =0.0101,, x x x (03125),,
2+1
16+1 2° =? to 2
=
2=0
2=1 x
Fraction
Integer
decimal =0+0.6250 2
(10)
+0.0000. 1
+0.5000 +0.2500
Awareness
Computer
Significant todecimal
toDigio)
x 1 0 1 Read 0
x8+0+2+1 Binary
2+0 Decimal system
any -LSD the
integer ’ ’
x other Octalto fraction
22
+ part
tc

FACEa Binary ComputBasiercs

Hexa Ex:Binary to
Hexadecimal (c) Octdigalit
(b)
Decimal Hexa Note: Step 2:St1101ep 1:BiEx: naryEquivalent
13..15..1
decimal Note: 1101 Step 2:St6Convert
:.1101 ep1 01:Ex: ing
D C A 1
8 7 6 5 Group 101111 1
67 Group 101110
3 2 1
|o005||4
to|o12
Number: four Hexadecimal 001l01 three
1111 Binary 111
bits 1
FACE 1111 1110 1101 I100 101| 1010 1001 1000 0111 0110 0101 0100 0011 0010 0001 Binary from T011,
1011 =
0}011|000101| bit
from =673
i?
to
0000 3 011
L`B Octasl
LSB
? 10111
Multiplication:
Binary15. Arithmetic:
Binary14. ASCII
Code:13.
4.
x0=0 x|=0
1 2.
3. 0 1.0 of addition. Addition:
(a) Binary
subtraction,
division
and These results
55Thearc Convert
50 code. TheAmerican
1000011 Interchange.
x0=0 V
P cquivalent. 1010000
1010101
|x into l The Ex: following
FACE=1111101011O1110 Binary
values
=|1 next same arithmetic cach
4. 3. 2 1. 6 4 Standard
Number:
position. principleis 5 3LSD
in seven.bit
code message
9 6 the
1+1=10=0tcar +0=1 0+1=1 43
1 0+0=0 9 6
Carty performs table)
C(Scethe table Code 1110l11l.
1100
folowingin multiplication,. encoded
is for
1010
determined Informati
to
addition its ASCT
in
Binar
 DiBivniarysI6on:.
17.
Ifsign Signbit Representiag
negative Sign =1
2 20, (o100), 10 ++
5.1+1 signIfMagnitude=51
100() posítion.
Ex: next A, bit Ex:. 0 + 100, i0101,, x
bit bit |0+|=|11|00-|0’ |1|1= Sl,
is is
1
A,nature is 101)1010
A, used 0000 101 10a
A, ofSito
’ gned
I1=1+mmbernumber A,intdihe cate
A,stores
(2)
is is
A,binaryNumbers:
the S)10
00 10
1010001001110101 'negativposie tive
carry positive
of number.
Carry into 1 or
Verificatioa (3)
11.625+4+3=7
10.5=22.125 1.
3. 10110.001
borleftisr0owcd, when a (a) Ex h 1-1=0
:Wit0-1=| Subtration
4. 1-0=| 2. Binary
3.0-0=0 :
1. 16+0+4+0 (Convert 10|1.10.
1010.100
18. 1
(0c)1 16+4+
|=21 =-|x +| Ex:
To Subt
l raction Binary a
coinplemen
al Itis 1'st usedis
0obt'sained represent
complement
(0--0)
ao
is 010. 011 boTOw lúivi
-i2+ü
Binary Awareness
Computer
to /10 0 is 0100 1000 100 from
1 0 2.
1's. It 1 done x to 21
by signed ic. 10
2 in the 2'aecima!) +
changing : 2-I,=1) (10,- thiscolumn,Barow as
1,-1,ie, next +1 19=40
falllows: x ×
2+1×2+
binary coBumn. making from 1101|(b) higher 2°
al 10next 01001
l's
to
qumbers a 10010 column
0's 2

and 2's
Computer
Basics
20. 19. Ex:
the It 2's 0
signiposiEx:fcanttion.bit complement 101011I
101000
is mumber
orginal
21, NThe 123.45 4x teger s very ThiFls oisati010111
104 Ex:inrcpresent ng 010110 10100| numberobtajncd ***
0.1wher
mant
234->ei.scr
Ex: where N=+ can Decimal and large an
reprpoienrsteprntFledosntatianiogNormal
n ized: generbeal is exponetial poiut
real 1 and by
xb+ formwrit en number
mantissa.m
’ m complement
number exponent4’10-’lease e’cxpoDent x) expressed
0.123410' x (radileaseb’ fractional and complement2's Add take
addingtaking :
to
forn
poiinnt floating number very numbers 1 l's
e ofa as notation to 1's
Nomalinumber
whose zcd s ating 1,2345 40000.0 part. whicsmal
floas h l :
LSB emeat conplementl complementl's
compl to each
point x usetul he
mantissa point 10 wrttenis numbers,
has least
bit
forms.Aflodocsating are mumber
both storelo
anas
of

often 22.
not
(a) ASCII(c) BCD(Bia) nary nornalizedformEx:. 1, form.numbercohtthe ain
(b) 0.0011110
2. zero
suited Gr ay °,) the called to
Ex: 2'22, BCD0 0.1101 24xThe Convert is
Ste1011 Coavert
bipln:ary i n g bi n
Ex
ary 9. is codes
normalized ×27 consi dere d as
the
Step4:1_011 Step3: 11
Step2:
1-0 11 123
for code is 8421Usiasng used - most
Converting : =
biarinarythmetic an is0001 wei ghts 011110 0.0011110 significtobeant
codbiernearpryesentEBCDIC(d) Grcodesa(by)
110 1 :
0+1=1Ag
1101 0 fom
11 0010 of n
gray gray
unwei
to ghted
operatgray ions. 0011 four isdecimal
842I
the dig its . of ×2 x
11.01 norm aliz cd digit
to neglcar
ecty 1+1=9
1 1+0=1 2
binary codc It into of 19
=(1101) code inbiditscates alsodiisgits x
2
not (2,
 7.
(c) leascd(a) called No. (c)1s 6.
(System
a)10 isThe (c) (c) BCD is
5. 4. Bit3.
is
both of (b) (a) Radix(c) Ra(da) Base001/100(c) 2. 1.
(0/a1) bit(cs) 6 (Nibble
b symbols Radix None BotBinary
h Binary a) 4 bi(cs) 3 bi(al)s 4Byte 20
and is
bits
(c)
of a also is code.bit ASCIl:
7 the
d. ofthese andcoded coded group
is group
in Hexadecimal b called form Ex
(d) lease(b) the (d) (b)16 digitdecimal :
of ofalpha (1
Radix number None (d)Radish(b) (d) 11/0(b0) of
() bi(tbs). 8 6bits(d) bi(bt)s 8
Information 10
None None 1)py=
of both numeric
system these Numeric of of a 1
these and REPRESENTATION
DATA to 0 (sny
these computer
is b code. 0
1
12.6875o15.( (l65p014. It
13. is
(c) (a) 12. 11. a in
(c) (a) (c)67(a)68The (c) C(a) F 10.
1100.1011, Thc (c) system.
Decimal
(aFollowing
)
Qumber least
Thë 9. 8.
1100.000110100110, a
11100101l,, ASCII
MSC(c) LSD (a) The LSG(c) LSB(a)
(c) (a) Bit
Hcxadecimal
Binary (d)
lugest bothBinary
a stands characters
represents
maximum It Ex maxumum
code 1111 character.
EBCDIC:
Ex:Arepresented
equivalent is weight wcight in and b :
not number for 0001 1100
(d) () (d) (b) (d)
of
an
(b)66 C(d) A(b) d (d) Octal(b) is0001 of
1010.101g
1010.001 10100101g
Nonc None is example (u) (b) in (d) LSCnumbcr (b) is (d) (b) equivalcnt It Awareness
Computer
128
of
Roman None MSD the None is uscs
of
1111 number NoncBinary
of equivaleat characters.
of 8 as
these thes is of of of callcd bit 65.-It
portitional these digit to code
thesc is thesc digit
called 256of to represcnts
1 A. for
each

0.5000
2= × 2=
0.7500 × 2=
0.3750 x 2=x
0.6875
12.6875oa15.
(165),,14. a
Decimal
Binary to (100.11)=(o920. 19.
4.2(5c) 4.7(a5) Nonc.d) (c) 21918. ( ={)o17. 16.Computer
Basics
011010a (0) (a)(36)g010110o(c) (a) 119(c) (a)1110,
1110a
Integer (?) = 100101e 207069
(c) (a) 51By0
22-1 25-0210-0220-1241-02{82-!
-Q
21 1001 110 206,14
(0100101),0-1 2165 = g =
+0.0000
+0.5000
+0.7500
+0.3750 ("a (6
iraction
Nonc(d) 4.65(b)
11010a (9
10101(b) (d) () 21(16) (2116)
16(10) d) (b)
Integer None
1
of
part these
SOLUTTONS
17. 1651816.
10, 25. 24. 23. 22.
l62-0l632--6
0-2 1100.10o :. Integer
part 100100101,
(c) Multiply
100000100(a) 20, * (c) (significant
b) Nom(a) Shifing 111(c)(1000y
21.
1110(a) 1010(c) 1100(a) What (c) (a) 284. What
=8+4+2= 1
=1x8+1l =| Normalizatioa
Normlized
011011000100 0010 is is
x2 0-121-1 23-0 26-0 212 themantissa
bit
of gray 10000100 the
BCD
+1 100010010,(6) e negative non-zero is
13
code
x4+| code
2+|x2'+0x2° x (d) (d) o111(d) 1101(b) None(d) 1001(b) of
Nonc to binary (d) (6) for
x2 (206), 100010011 numbers
is the 0001 0010 decimal
(12.6875) called left
+0 l101 1000 1001
til
most
its 0100 0100 numbe
 25. 23. 2. 2. 6-0
20, 10010 1 I 00101000
0100 2 0-1 -022-0 19-0 0-1
Cary
13isl101 is
10100,
101, x
0
1
0
(0000019 0) l+100
000+ 101009 0 1 8
cariy ’ 11Q10-0 +
10100+++ 4 (10101)q
110100 10100, 100100
1101, x

(2)
SOME
1. TO
2. Transmission Data
3.
LAN(a) Following
Networks (c) Data(o) Data(a) COMPUTER
acceptance
EXTRA
4. LAN MAN,(c)
6. 5, MAN(buildingorThe
organizationis
c) WAN(a) MAN WAN Data Communication
7.
The MAN(c) Connecting LAN(c) Connecting
MAN(a) type ’
(c) (a) E-mail Voimaic( e) lB-mai(a)l
None(d) Electrical ’ ’Local
******.*********.
Transfuse
is
INTERNET
QUESTIONS
Electrical where following systems network
of Wide
Metropolitan not NETWORKS
Awareness
Computer
LAN's Area Area a
is category (d) is
& E Network SAN(d) WAN.(b) also
stands not isNone(d) WAN(b) within Nonc(d) LAN(6) that Network None
ElectroniElectronic
c (b) Fdit(od)r Chat(6) None(d) LAN(6) .
an
the covers
Area
of
called RELATED
for intemet Network computer AND
metropolitan campus
application
is
Computer
Basics
HTMLis10. WwW 9.
is FTP 8.
is
12. 1. (c) (6) (a)
The (c) (b) (a) Nonc(d) (c) () (a) None(d)
Yahoo(c)Google(a) Which Opera
(c) Navigator
Netscape
Explorer
Internet
(b) (a) File File File
following both HyperHyper World Wide World
ThnsferTransitTrnafor
the
of a
Transfer
&Text Wonder World Wide
b Prutocol
following not
is Markup Web Web Product Protocol
Web
a Makeup
(d) Lycos(b) Adobe(d) browser (d).None
is Language
Al asearch Language
the
above engine
IITTP14. is l3.
15. Address 0) TCP
b) Protocol)
(Internet
(c) (protocol
Communication
(d)Scarch
engine
(a)
13.(2) (a)9. (d)S. (a)1. (a) URL None(d) (c) (6)
(d) (c) (b) both /
1P
h address is both Hyper Hyper
address botaddress a
a ia
a
a (Universal &Texttransfer &b
10.
(b) ANSWERS KEY & of b
(Transfer
(14.b) (d)6. (d)2. of b of a
a a file Transfer
memory resource Protocol
Resource control
15.(6) I(1d.) (6)7. (b)3. Protocol protocol
allocator)
23
/
12.(a) (a)8. (a)4.