LESSON 3 : FABRICATE REBARS

Fabricating rebar components involves quantifying the needed rebars based

on the working plan construction drawing. It includes rebars for the foundation,
column walls, beams and slabs, as well, rebars for stair reinforced concrete
construction. Each structural component constitutes different types of
reinforcements which need to be quantified, cut and bent.

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to :

a. Fabricate footing rebars

b. Fabricate column rebars
c. Fabricate wall rebars
d. Fabricate beam rebars
e. Fabricate slab rebars
f. Fabricate stair rebars

Information Sheet 4.3.01

Fabricate Footing Rebars

Footing rebar is characterized or presented in the working drawing as a

straight line with or without upward, left or right hooks on both ends. It is
straight when fabricated if the diameter used is bigger and it’s hard to bend.
Whereas, for footing rebar with smaller diameter and bending is feasible, hooks
are bent on each end. Specifications of footing rebar come from the plan or in
the placement drawings.

There are two types of footing rebars; the column footings and the wall
footings rebar. Fabrications of footing rebar requires details about the rebars :

I. Column Footing
A. Detailing Dimension (DD) is obtained by deducting the thickness of
concrete covers from the span or length of the concrete footing
specified in millimeters.

Detailing Dimension (DD) = 1.20m – 2 (CC)

DD = 1.20m – 2 (60mm)

= 1200mm – 120mm

= 1080mm

Detailing Dimension of footing rebar is obtained or measured between

external arcs of the hooks.

B. Cutting Length (CL) is the length of the rebar including the length of
the hook. It is obtained by adding the Detailing Dimension of the
footing rebar plus the hook corrections (HC) on both ends
CL = DD + HC
= DD + 2HC (2HC) There are two hooks
The bend of footing rebar is at 180 degrees
The hook correction can be determined by the illustration.

Standards
D = bend diameter is 6db (6 x diameter of rebar to use)
EL = Extended Length is 4db or (6 x diameter of rebar to use)

1. db= variable bar diameter

= D16 or 16mm
 2. 180 degrees Hook Correction = (Arc Length + Extended Length –
X)
3. Determining the Arc Length (AL)
Given :
3.1 D = 6db
3.2 D¹ = 6db + 0.5db + 0.5db
= 6db + 1db
= 7db
3.3 EL = 4db = 4db
3.4 X = D/2 + 1db = 6db/2 = 3db + 1db = 4db
3.5 AL = D¹/2 = 3.1416 x 7db / 2
= 10.99dd or 11db
3.6 HC = AL + EL – X
= 11db + 4db – 4db
= 11db – is the hook correction for every hook
Cutting Length or CL = DD + 2HC
= DD + 2 (11db)
= DD + 22db
= 1080mm + 352mm
= 1432mm
Using the D16 or 16mm bar diameter
22db = 22 x 16mm
= 352mm

C. Quantity of Column Footing Rebar

 Concrete Column Footing is usually square or rectangular in shape.
There are certain numbers in pieces of footing rebars given the
spacing which are tied in both ways direction and form like a lattice
work.

Quantity = 4 x 2
= 8 pcs.

C1. @ 100mm 0.C., B.W. = Spacing = 100mm

C2 Detailing Dimension = DD = 1080m

C3 Quantity = Q = DD / Spacing + 1 x 2

C4 Q = 1080mm / 100mm + 1 x 2 = 10.8 + 1 x 2

= 11.8 or 12 x 2 = 24 pcs.

C5 Q = 24pcs. = D16 x 1432mm.

24pcs. + 1432 mm in length is simplified into commercial length of rebars

which may be 6m, 7.5m, 9m, 10.5m or 12m. Since 6m length is commonly
available commercial length, assume it as the length to order.

6.0m = 6000m 6000mm / 1432 = 4.12pcs. or say 4pcs of 1432mm can be cut
from 6.0m length

24pcs – D16 x 1432mm

? - D16 x 6.0m

6000m / 1432 = 4

24pcs / 4 = 6pcs of 6.0m

C6 = Order = 6pcs – D16 x 6.0m

D. Quantity of Tie Wire in Kilogram

 The approximate total length of tie wire per kilogram is 50 meters
or 6000mm.

D1. Assuming DD of tie wire is 150mm or 6”

CL = 150mm x 2
= 300

D2. Number of Ties

Ties Q = Quantity of Rebar in one way x Quantity
of rebar from the other way or from perpendicular direction.
= QOW x QDD - Applies only for square footing
12pcs. X 12pcs.
= 144 ties
D3. = Quantity of TW in Kg. = Total / Kg.
TW = No. of Ties x CL of TW / Total Length of TW / Kg/
= 144 ties x 300 mm / 50000 mm / kg
= 0.86 kg. say 1kg.

E. Bending the Column Footing Rebar

Once the rebar has been cut into required cutting length it is now
ready to bent.

Steps
1. Find / determine the value of the Arc length (AL) and Extended
Length (EL) using D16
AL = 11db x D16 = 176mm
EL = 4db x D16 = 64mm
2. Mark the arc length and extended length on the bending jig.

3. Insert the GI pipe having ¾” or 1” diameter up to the extended

length only
 4. Bend the pipe inward until it parallels the rebar

5. Reverse the rebar to bend the other end following similar setting

II. Wall Footing Rebars

 Wall footing is similar to column footing. It differs only when obtaining
its quantity which is based on the length of the wall or perimeter of the
building floor area. Concrete wall footing is continuous, same with
reinforcement. Details of the wall footings are shown in the building plan.

Component Parts of Wall Footing Rebars

1. Transverse wall footing rebar – similar in shape with the column footing but
shorter in detailing dimension.
2. Longitudinal wall footing bars – usually come at minimum three straight
rebars when the transverse rebars are tied to form wall footing rebars
assembly.
A. Transverse Wall Footing at 0.6m
A1. DD = Width of Concrete Wall – Concrete Covers (2CC) 2 x 40mm = 80mm
= 450mm – 80mm
= 370mm

A2. Illustration for fabricating

 Detailing Dimension:
D12 x 370mm

A3. Quantity = Length or Perimeter / Spacing

Perimeter = 2 (8m) + 5m

= 16m + 5m

= 21m
Fabricate
Spacing at 0..6m = 600mm

Q = P / S = 21m / 0.6m = 35pcs – D12 x 370mm

Hook corrections for
A4. = CL = DD + 22db 180 degrees

= 370mm + 22 (12db) 2 (11db) 22db

= 370mm = 264mm

= 634mm

Cut 35pcs. – D12 x 634mm

A5. = Order = 35pcs / 9 – D12 x 634mm

= 4pcs – D12 x 6.0m 6000m / 634mm = 9pcs

B. Longitudinal Wall Footing Rebar Not a commercial

B1 Quantity = 3pcs length
B2 Length = P = 21m
B3 Order = 3pcs x 2 = 6 – D12 x 21m Simplify

C. Tie wire To minimize splicing

longer available
commercial length is
advised – say 12m
C1 Assume DD =
CC = 2 (5”) = 10” = 250mm
C2 Approx. total of TW/kg. = 50,000mm

C3 No. of ties = No. of transverse rebar x no. of longitudinal rebar

= Q of TB x Q of LR
= 35 pcs. X 3
 = 105 ties
C4 Q of TW in Kg. = CL of TW x Q of Ties / T.L. / Kg.

= 250mm x 105 ties / 60000mm

= 0.44 kg
= 0.5 kg
= ½ kg.

C5 Bending of wall footing rebar is the same method with column rebar
Only the actual value of measurement changes because of the
diameter of rebar being used :
AL = 11db x D12 = 132mm
EL = 4db x D12 = 48mm

● Number of concrete wall footing transverse rebars do not

correspond to the number of vertical wall rebars. Multiply the
number of footings to the rebar materials calculated and to be
ordered. Similarly with the number of pieces to be cut end bent.
● Methods of quantifying materials to be used or applied vary as
long as no less than the exact quantity is obtained.

Self Check 4.3.01

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

A. Problem Solving
Directions ; Given the necessary details, calculate what is being asked

1. 6 square concrete column footings

Find :
1.1 DD
1.2 CL
1.3 Quantity
1.4 Commercial length to order
1.5 TW in Kg. using DD = 5’
1.6 Position of bending pipe
2. Given : Concrete walls on a floor area of 6m x 9m
Determine :
a. Transverse rebars
A1. Perimeter of Wall
A2. Quantity
A3. Detailing dimension
A4. Cutting length
A5. Commercial length
b. Longitudinal rebars
B1. Length
B2. Quantity
B3. Commercial length
c. TW in kg. using DD = 5”
C1. CL
C2. No. of ties
C3. TW in kg.
 B. Activity Sheet #1
I. Fabricating Footing Rebar
Directions :
1. Fabricate 2 trials of footing rebar with detailing dimension n
of 400mm
2. Use scrap D10 rebar
3. Fabricate 2 pcs. Footing rebars with cutting length of 990mm
Tools and materials

1. Pull push rule

2. Rebar cutter
3. Bending jig
4. Bending pipe
 5. D10 rebars
Assessment Criteria

Accuracy 25%
Methods 25%
Quality 25%
Speed 25%

C. Activity 2 : Determining Length of Tie Wire per Kilogram

Directions :
1. Secure ½ to 1 kg. tie wire in loops
2. Count the number of loops
3. Find the average diameter
Average Diameter = Inside + Outside Diameter / 2
4. Solve for the length = No. of loops x Average Diameter
5. Get the actual length of tie wire by measuring and unlooping the tie
wire
6. Record your dates.
Tools and materials

1. ½ to 1 kg. tie wire

2. Calculator
3. Tabulation form
4. Pencil
5. Pull push rule
Assessment Criteria

Initiative 25%
Speed 25%
Criticality of Dimension 25%
Workmanship 25%
 Activity 3
Complete data for 180 degrees bend with different bend diameter
from 3db to 20db by solving correspondingly the arc length (AL), hook
corrections (HC) and other details.
Directions :
1. Use ¼ index card of any color
2. Write your names, yr. and section.
3. Divide the index card with headings of 180 degrees bend into several
columns for D, D¹,X, AL, EL and HC.
4. Submit computation sheet
Tools and materials

1. Index card ¼
2. Pen and ruler
3. Calculator
Assessment Criteria

Accuracy 25%
Neatness 25%
Initiative 25%
Speed 25%
 Information Sheet 4.3.02
Fabricating Column Rebars

Column rebar is an assembly of four main rebars with a 90 degrees hook at

the lower end or both ends if the column is intended for single story. They are
secured and tied at a designed or specified spacing by a stirrups with a 90
degrees or 135 degrees hook, the shape of the column rebars corresponds with
the shapes of the concrete columns. It can be square, rectangular, L-shape or
circular in shape and usually fabricated and assembled or installed. Slightly
smaller in cross-sectional dimension less the specified concrete covers. Single
column rebar can be represented by a vertical lines with 90 degrees hooks or
bend.

Terminal Single Column Rebar

 Continuous Single Column Rebar

Square Column Stirrup

Square Column Stirrup with 135 degrees hook

Example 1 :
Note : All rebar dimensions must be in millimeters

Given :

Height of concrete columns including the footing = 3.6m = 3600mm

Concrete cover of column rebars = 40mm

Concrete cover (vertical) of footing rebar = 90mm

Width of depth of concrete column = 400mm

Cross-sectional dimension of concrete footing = 1200mm

Column rebar = D16

Column stirrups = D10 @ 50mm O.C.

I. Column Rebars
A. Detailing Dimension
Shape – Z type C/S D Column – 2CC

= 1200mm – 2CC
1200mm – 2 (75mm)
1200mm – 150mm
= 1050mm
DD1 = 320mm
= 1050mm – 320m /2
= 365mm

B. Cutting Length (CL) of Column Rebars

CL = DD1 + DD2 + DD3 – BC

B.C. is the band correction obtain from a 90 degrees bend with standard
bend diameter for main bar which is D = 6db = 6 times (x) the bar
diameter D = 6db

90° BEND
1. Solve for
the Arc
Length
D=
6db
D¹ (D
Prime) = 6db + ½ db + ½ db = 7db
X = D + db / 2 = 6db / 2 + db =
= 6db / 2 + db = 3db + db = 4db
Y = 4db
AL = D¹ / 4 = 3.1416 x 7db / 4 = 5.5db
B.C. = AL – (X + Y)
= 5.5 db – (4db + 4b)
5.5db – 8db
= 2.5db

C. Quantity of Column Rebars

(By direct counting from the plan)
Quantity (Qnty) = 8pcs. Not a commercial
length
D. Order = 8pcs. – D16 x 4155mm
Options :
1. 8pcs. D16 x 6.0m
2. 4pcs. D16 x 9.0m
E. Bending Column Rebar at 90°

Position 1 with 400mm Hook

 EL = (DD1 – X)
=320mm– 64mm

= 256mm

Position 2

EL = DD3 – X

= 365mm – 4db
= 365mm – 4 (D16)

= 365mm – 64mm

= 301mm

2. Column Stirrups

A. Detailing Dimension

DD1 x DD2 = C / S. d of Column – 2CC

= 400mm – 2 (40mm)

= 400mm – 80mm

= 320mm

C/Sd = Cross sectional dimension

 D10
DD1 =
320mm

320mm DD2

B. Quantity

Qnty = DD2 of Column Rebar / Spacing

= 3510mm / 150mm

= 24pcs.

C. CL = 4 x DD1 (DD2) + 2HC – 3BC

> H.C. is the hook corrections on both 135 degrees bends or ends of the
stirrups

D which is the bend diameter is peg at 4db b8ut it can be lowered to 3db
or 2db if the diameter of stirrup is less than D10

D = 4db for 90 degrees bend and 135 degrees bend

● Solve for the arc length of 135 degrees bend

AL = D3 / 8 = 3.1416 (5db) 3 / 8
= 5.9db or 6db
● Solve for the hook corrections of 135 degrees bend
HC = AL + EL – X
= 6db + 6db – 3db
 = 9db
- Corrections for each 135 degrees hook = always remember this HC
for 135 degrees bent with D = 40b
● BC = Bend Correction of 90 degrees bend with D = 4db bend
diameter is calculated using the same formula in solving to the
B.C. of column rebar and all rebars with 90 degrees bend.
● Solve BC with D = 4db having 90 degrees bend
D¹ = D + 1 (db) = 4db + 1db = 5db
Y and X = D/2 + 1 = 4db/2 = 2db+1 = 3db
AL = D / 4 = 2.1416 (5db) / 4 = 3.93db or 4db
BC = AL – (X + Y)
= 4DB – (3db+3db)
= 2db – Always remember this B.C. for D = 4db

320mm
BC HC
HC
HC = 9db
BC = -2db
320mm

BC BC

CL = 4 (320mm) + 2 (9db) + 3 (-2db)

= 1280mm + 18db – 6db

+ 18 (D10) – 6 (D10)

1280mm + 180mm – 60mm

CL

= 1400mm
D. Order : 24pcs. – D10 x 1400mm
6.0m = 6000m 6000 / 1400 = 4
Options :
1. 6pcs. – D10 x 6.0m
2. 4pcs. – D10 x 9.0m
3. 3pcs. – D10 x 12.0m

E. Quantity of Tie Wires

● Assume detailing dimension of tie wire

1. CL = 7” x 25mm x 2 = 350mm
2. Length of tie wire / kilogram = 50000 mm/kg.
3. Quantity of column bars = 8pcs.
4. Quantity of stirrups = 24pcs.
5. Number of ties = 8pcs. X 24pcs.
= 192pcs of ties
6. TW = 350mm x 192pcs / 50000mm/kg.
= 1.12 kg. say 1.5 kg or 2 kg.
A
B
E

XC D

F. Bending of Stirrups
D = 4db AL = 4db (D10) = 40mm
HC = 9db (D10) = 90mm

1. Locate the center of the rebar for stirrups

2. Add or mark the arc length on both sides of the center

3. Position the rebar on the jig stopper

4. Label the bending points of the center starting at point C as the cent

5. Make a trial bending using scrap rebar to mark the reference line at
exactly 90 degrees bend.
6. Start bending at point C.
Check the squareness of the bend. Be sure the end of the bending pipe
is 20mm from the center of the cutting length.

7. Mark and place stopper at line CB. Bend the rebar at the same position
and arc length.

8. Reverse the position of the rebar to bend line CD

 9. Mark the arc length of 135 degrees bend

Check the parallelness of the 135 degrees hook

Self – Check 4.3.02

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

A. Problem Solving
Directions : Based on the details below :
1. Specify the column rebars and stirrups needed.
2. Calculate the tie wire needed to assemble the column rebars and stirrups if
the DD of TW is 8”.
Activity 4 : Fabricating Column Rebars and Stirrups

Directions :

1. Fabricate 2 trials of column rebars with detailing dimensions of

D2 x 200mm x 700mm
2. Design and fabricate square column stirrups using a cutting length of
990mm x D10 rebars.
3. Fabricate column rebar with 200mm single hooks using D12 x 995mm.
4. Fabricate 2 column stirrups with 90 degrees
Tools and Materials

1. D12 rebar
2. D10 rebar
3. Pull push rule
4. Rebar cutter
5. Bending jig
6. Try square
7. Chalks / Pencil
Assessment Criteria

Accuracy 25%
Method 25%
Quality 25%
Speed 25%

Information Sheet 4.3.03

Fabricating Wall Rebars

Poured reinforced concrete wall requires assembly of wall reinforcement

steel bars tied and properly spaced vertically and horizontally. There are 90°
hooks at the lower ends of the vertical rebars tied at the wall footing assembly.
The maximum vertical and horizontal spacings of the rebars can be at 0.6
meters. The smallest spacings could be at 0.2m both ways. The wall rebars
assembly resembles a lattice work. Wall made of concrete hollow block is
reinforced progressively as each course of CHB is laid. Intended vertical rebars
are tied at a maximum of 0.8 meters and at the minimum of 0.4 meters. For
every three layers of CHB, horizontal rebar is tied. Theoretically rebars for CHB
wall are spaced at 0.8 meters vertically and 0.6 meters horizontally.

Figure :

Wall rebars include the continuous footing consisting of minimum of three (3)
longitudinal bars and several quantity of transverse rebars with 180° hooks on
both ends. The minimum spacing of the transverse rebars tied along the 3
longitudinal rebars can be at 0.30 meters or a maximum of 0.6 meters.

Figure :

Self – Check 4.3.03

Name

_____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

Problem Solving

Directions : Quantity the wall rebar materials given the following data below
using D10 rebars and tie wire at DD of 6”

A. Structure : Two Bedroom Bungalow House

1. Flow area : 5m x 10m
2. Height from GL to CL = 3.5m
3. Wall thickness = 6”
4. Inferior Wall Thickness = 4”
5. Embedment of rebars from GL = 0.5m
6. Type of construction – concrete
7. Type of construction – CHB
 Information Sheet 4.3.04
Fabricating Beam Rebars

Beam is a building component as well as structural supported by column or

columns. It is usually fabricated in rectangular shape. It primarily resists loads of
its own, walls or other loads applied or attached by its axis. It can be supported
at the other ends by a larger beam called girder.

Reinforced concrete beams can be continuous or cantilever. A cantilever is a

rigid component of structure extending horizontally at only one end. It extends
from a flat vertical surface like a wall, by which the cantilever is family attached.
A cantilever beam is an extended unsupported portion of the main beam.
 Source :https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/cantilever-beams-5

A continuous beam is a statically indeterminate structural or building

component. Its load capacity is more and its mid span deflection is less. It can
rests over three or more supports giving one or more redundant support
reactions.

Source : https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/continuous-beams-8
S = Span = say 600m or 6000mm

L = Clear span = S – 2 (width of column)

EL = Extended length

CC = Concrete cover

DD = Detailing dimension = dimensionless concrete covers

CL = Cutting length = detailing dimensions less or plus the bend corrections and
hook corrections
 Beam Rebar Components as Specified by Each Number

1. Beam Top Bars (Main) say using D16 or 16mm Rebar

a. Quantity – 2pcs. (Min)
b. DD1 = S – 2CC = 600mm – 2 (50mm) = 5900mm
DD2 = Depth of beam = 600mm
DD3 = Depth of beam = 600mm

Illustration

c. CL = DD1 + DD2 + DD3 – Bend Correction (BC)

= 5900mm + 400mm + 400mm – 2 (BC)
BC = 2.5db db = variable
= D16 or 16mm diameter
= 6700mm – 2 (2.5db)
- 5db
- 5 (D16)
- 80mm
= 6700mm – 80mm
= 6620mm
2. Additional Beam Top Bars
a. Quantity = one each at L/4 + EL = 2pcs
b. DD1 = L/4 + EL + Width of column – CC
L = S – 2 (width of column)
= 6000mm – 2 (400mm)
= 6000mm – 800mm
= 5200mm
L/4 = 5200mm / 4 = 1300mm
EL = Say 16db = 16 (D16) = 256mm
DD1 = 1300mm + 256mm + 400mm – 50 = 1906mm
DD2 = Depth of beam = 600mm
c. CL = DD1 + DD2 – BC
= 1906mm + 600mm – 25db
= 2506 – 2.5 (D16)
- 40mm
= 2466mm

d. Illustration
3. Stiffener – usually placed or tied on both sides of the rebar assembly and
smaller in diameter than main rebar say next diameter smaller than D16
is D12. It has no bends.
a. Quantity – 2pcs or more
b. CL = DD1 of top rebars
= 5900mm
c. Illustration

4. Beam Bottom Rebars

a. Quantity – 2pcs.
b. DD1 = same with DD1 of beam – 2CC
DD2 Depth of beam – 2CC
DD3
DD2 = 600mm – 2 (50mm)
DD3 = 600mm = 100
= 500mm
c. Illustration

d. CL = DD1 + DD2 + DD3 – 2BC

= 5900mm + 500mm + 500mm – 2 (25db)
= 6900mm – 5db
- 5 (D16)
- 80mm
= 6820mm

5. Extra Bottom Rebar is equal to half the clear span of the bear plus the
extended length (EL) on both ends. It has no bend and can be one or more
depending on the designed thickness or breadth of the concrete beam.
a. Q = one or more
b. XBR = L/2 (CL) + 2EL
EL = 16db db = D16
= 5200mm/2 + 2 (16db)
 = 2600mm + 32db
= 2600mm + 32 (db)
= 2600mm + 32 (16)
= 2600mm + 512mm
= 3112mm
c. Illustrations

6. Beam stirrups – hold the beam rebar components at designed spacing.

They can be open or close stirrups. Common diameters being used are
D8, D10 and D12. Shape is commonly rectangular in form.
a. Quantity at given spacing of 100mm
Q = L / Spacing = 5200mm / 100mm = 52pcs.
b. DD1 = thickness of beam – 2CC
= 400mm – 2 (50mm)
400mm – 100mm
= 300mm
DD2 = depth of beam – 2CC
= 6000mm – 2CC
= 600mm – 2 (50mm)
= 600mm – 100mm
= 500mm
c. Illustration

d. CL = 2 (DD1) + 2 (DD2) + HC
= 2 (300mm) + 2 (500mm) + 12db
= 600mm + 1000mm + 12(D10) HC = Hook correction
= 12db
= 1600mm + 120mm
= 1720mm
e. Commercial length to order
52pcs – D10 x 1720mm
18pcs – D10 x 6.0m
7. Tie Wire = say DD = 8”
a. CL = 16” = 400mm
b. Quantity of beam rebars (minimum)
= 6 pcs.
Quantity of stirrups = 52 pcs.
c. No. of ties = 6 x 52pcs = 312pcs.
d. TW in Kg. = CL x No. of Ties / Length of TW/Kg. = 50000mm/kg.
= 400mm x 312pcs / 50000mm
= 2.5kg = 3kg. Tie wire

BENDING 90º HOOK OF BEAM MAIN REBAR

Steps in Bending 90º Hook
1. Determine the detailing dimension (DD)
2. Solve for the cutting length (CL)
3. Find the arc length
4. Place rebar on the bending jig attack on a work bench or elevated plank.
5. Mark the arc length plus the length of hook with stopper.
6. Bend the rebar with suitable diameter of bending pipe with its end on the
arc length swinging to a one-fourth turn.
7. Check squareness of the bend

Bending in 135º Hook

Self – Check 4.3.04

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________
Yr. and Section __________________________

A. Identification Type
Direction : Analyze the illustration or placement drawing below. Answer
the following questions.

G. TIE WIRE – DD = 10”

 Information Sheet 4.3.05
Fabricating Floor Slab Rebars

Floor slab refers to a floor, made of reinforced concrete forming a part of the
building structure. It may be a basement floor, ground level or upper level floor.
Six inches (6”) or 150mm thick floor slab is considered for residential and
commercial buildings. Standard concrete floor slab thickness for residential
construction is four inches (4”) or 100mm. Five (5) to ix (6) inches is
recommended if the concrete slab occasionally received heavy load.

One-way floor slab carries load in one direction perpendicular to the

supporting beams.

Two-way slab carries load in both directions. It is supported on four sides. It is

considered as spanning two-way when the longer to shorter span length in less
than two in ratio.

There are three types of two-way slab :

1. Two-way solid slab on beams

Source : https://www.quora.com/Engineering-What-are-the-basic-differences-between-one-way-and-two-way-slabs-Where-do-
we-use-them-specifically
● Two-way waffle slab

o
o Source : https://www.quora.com/Why-are-waffle-slabs-provided%E2%80%8B

● Two-way waffle slab with integral beams

●
▪ Source : https://structville.com/2019/04/example-on-structural-design-of-waffle-slab.html

●
▪ Source : https://structville.com/2019/04/example-on-structural-design-of-waffle-slab.html
Self – Check 4.3.05
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________
Yr. and Section __________________________

Essay Type (15pts.)

Directions : Answer the questions briefly but comprehensively
● What is a floor slab?

● How do you reinforce a one-way slab?

● How do you reinforce a two-way slab?

● Illustrate in 3D a one-way slabs rebar assembly.

● Illustrate in 3D a two-way slab reinforcement.

Activity
Directions :
● Fabricate 20pcs slab rebar with a detailing dimension of 300m using #12
or 14 GI wire
● Be sure to apply the necessary 45 degrees bend at L/5
 Information 4.3.06
Fabricating Stair Rebars
Reinforced concrete is the most appropriate materials for stair construction. A
simple straight type of concrete stair is reinforced by fabricating upper and
lower rebar assembly intended for the slab of the stair. The rebars include
longitudinal and transverse rebar. Concrete stair is like an inclined slab, the riser
and the threads of the stair can be reinforced by fabricating a continuous zigzag
bend rebars corresponding to the height of the riser and width of the thread less
the concrete covers. Transverse rebars holds the bend zigzag rebars.

Source : https://www.fantasticeng.com/2019/02/steps-for-installation-of.html

Example of a Stair Rebar

Source : https://buluqalmuhandisalmadaniwordpresscom.wordpress.com/category/r-c-c/

Example of a Stair Reinforcement

Types of Stairs

1. Straight stairs feature a single linear flight without change of direction.

 Source : https://www.keuka-studios.com/types-of-stairs-2/

2. L-Shape Stair is also known as quarter turn making a 90 degree turn left
or right after landing.

Source : https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/model/8b032d06b9e847a5b3e2c2a1d3972c65/L-Shaped-Stair

3. Winder Stair has set of treads wide on one end called winders taking place
the landing to save space.
 Source : https://stairs4u.com/design/winders__pie_stairs.htm

4. U-shaped is a half turn with parallel flights separated by landing.

Source : https://www.keuka-studios.com/types-of-stairs-2/#3_U_Shaped_Stairs

5. Spiral Stairs is a compact design centered around a column appearing is a

perfect circle from the top view. Spiral stain has narrow wedge shape
treads which are hard to traverse.
 Source : https://www.123rf.com/clipart-vector/spiral_staircase.html?sti=lyx5q373gc8gy8xcu8

6. Curved Stair has continuous flights of treads with out landing forming a
non-colinear shape.

Source : https://www.keuka-studios.com/types-of-stairs-2/#6_Curved_Stairs

7. Bifurcated Stair is the grandest style of stairs. It includes one sweeping set
of treads splitting into two smaller flights going in opposite directions.
 Source : https://engineeringdiscoveries.com/classification-of-staircases/02d447c8fa5061bda1474cb1ed3ade53

Stair Design Lay-Out

Stair riser heights shall be 7 inches (7”) or 180mm maximum and 4 inches
(4”) or 100mm minimum as stipulated in IBC 1011.5.2 OSHA 1910.25 ©
requires standard riser of stair height of 9 1/2 inches (9 ½”) or 240mm. tread or
steps of stairs shall be 11 inches (11”) or 275mm to 280mm wide.

Basic Principles in Laying Out Stair

1. Determine height of the riser. Comfortable height is 180mm (minimum)
and only allowed on 200mm (maximum) special considerations.
Comfortable height of riser means comfortable for both ascending and
descending.
2. Calculate the number of steps by dividing the rise of stair by the height of
riser which is 180mm.
3. Divide the run of the stair by the effective width of tread. Width of tread is
275mm (minimum) and 350mm (maximum).
4. Adjust the length of the run or the width of tread to obtain similar number
of riser and treads.
● If in case fractional value cannot be avoided in dividing the rise
by the riser adjust to obtain equal number of risers but not
greater than 190 millimeters (7 1/2”) and not less than 170
millimeters (7”)
Components of Rebars for R.C. Stair

1. Longitudinal rebars – top and bottom rebars at design spacing.

2. Transverse rebars – short rebar tied perpendicularly to the longitudinal
rebars at design spacing.
3. Continuous tread and riser rebar tied to the top longitudinal rebar
assembly and joined by transverse rebars at every corner.

Stair Inclination

Ramp = 1º to 20º

Stair = 20º to 50º

Ideal Stair = 30º to 35º

Components of Rebar for R.C. Stair

 Source : https://buluqalmuhandisalmadaniwordpresscom.wordpress.com/category/r-c-c/

Self – Check 4.3.06

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

A. Completion Type
Directions : Fill in the blanks with the correct answer in “ALL CAPS”
1. The most suitable material for stair construction is
________________________.
2. Basically concrete stair can be reinforced by rebars called longitudinal
and ________________________.
3. Concrete stair resembles an ___________________________.
4. A well designed and constructed concrete stair is expected to be
____________________________.
5. The vertical distance between tread is ____________________.
6. The numerical distance between tread vertically must be
___________________________.
7. The width of the tread shall be ______________________.
8. Stair with non-colinear continuous flights without landing is
___________________________.
9. The grandest among all types of stairs is ________________________.
10. The sum of all heights of riser is called _________________________.
11. The riser and the tread can be reinforced by _________________________.
12. Divide the run of the stairs by ________________________________.
13. Under OSHA, the height of riser is ___________________________.
14. The easiest type of stair to reinforce is ________________________.
15. Stair with narrow wedge shape tread is ___________________________.

B. Activity
A. Directions :
1. Fabricate 3 pcs. Of continuous zigzag riser and tread rebars at a scale
of 1;10 for a stair with rise of 3.0m and run = 4.0m.
2. Fabricate top and bottom stair waist slab rebar with a width of 0.6m
and length of 5.0m at a scale of 1:10.
3. Spacing of rebar is 12” both ways.

B. Tools and Materials

 1. Pliers
2. GI wire #10 or 12
3. Tie wire, fine

C. Assessment Criteria
Initiative 25%
Speed 25%
Criticality of Dimension 25%
Workmanship 25%

LESSON 4 : ASSEMBLING REBARS

OVERVIEW
Assembling rebar involves two ways depending on the requirement of tasks.
The first method is workshop assembly that is assembly of rebars is done away
from the worksite or jobsite. Whereas, the second method requires the
assembly of the rebars at the construction site.
Assembling rebar includes tying at proper designed spacing rebars for
footing column, walls, beams or girders and floor slab as well, a stirrups holding
the column, beams and girder rebar components.
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to :
a. Assemble / install footing rebars
b. Assemble / install column rebars
c. Assemble beam rebars
d. Assemble / install slab rebars
 Information Sheet 4.4.01
REBAR LIMITATIONS

A. Rebar Limitations for footing

1. Minimum size of footing
D12 or 12mm Ø for Flexure
D16 or 16mm Ø for Compression
2. Spacing of rebar
Not less than nominal diameter of rebar
1 1/3 times size of aggregate
Nor 1” or 25mm

B. Rebar Limitation for Column

1. Minimum size of column rebar – not less than D16 or 16mm Ø
2. Minimum required number – 4 pieces
3. Size of column stirrups or ties – D10 or 10mm dia. But not greater than
D12 or 12mm Ø
4. Spacing of column stirrups
a. Not more than 16db
b. Not more than 48db stirrups dia.
c. Not more than least dimension of column
d. Spacing of column stirrups at L/4 from beam support is S/2
5. Spacing of vertical bars shall not be less than 1.5db, 1.5 times of
aggregates, nor 38mm (1 ½” )
6. Vertical bar bundled – not more than 4 pcs.
7. Minimum vertical rebar anchorage – not less than 12db

C. Rebar Limitation for Beams / Girder

1. Beam rebar size – no less than D16 or 16mm Ø
2. Top bars at center span – 2 pieces at support – as required by design
3. Bottom rebar at mid-span – as required at support – 2 pieces
4. Size of stirrups – no less than D10 nor bigger than D12
5. Clear distance between parallel rebars
- Not less than nominal rebar diameter of 1.35 times maximum size of
coarse aggregate, nor 1” (25mm).
6. Bundled main rebar – not more than 2 pieces per bundle.
7. Spacing of stirrups
a. Not more than d/2
b. Not more than A√ / 0.15% (b)
Where d = depth of beam or girder
A √ = cross – sectional area of stirrups in (mm²)
b = width of beam or girder
S = spacing of stirrups
c. Spacing of stirrups at L/4 from support shall be S/2
8. Minimum rebar anchorage = no more than 12db
D. Rebar Limitations for Slab
1. Slab rebar size =
a. main rebars – not less than D10 but not greater than D16
b. temperature rebars – not less than D10 but no more than D12
 2. Spacing of slab rebars – not more than 400mm on center
3. Extended length of rebar
a. Top rebars is extended up to L/4 of the next span
b. Bottom rebars is extended at least 6” or 150mm to the adjacent
beams or walls

Self – Check 4.4.01

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

A. Multiple Choice
Directions : Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The minimum rebar anchorage shall not be less than
______________________.
a) 6db c) 16db
b) 12db d) 36db
2. Temperature rebars for slab shall not be less than _________________.
a) D8 c) D16
b) D10 d) D20
3. Top rebars for slab shall be extended to the next span up to
______________________.
a) L/2 c) L/4
b) L/3 d) L/7
4. Spacing of stirrups at L/4 from the support is __________________.
a) S/2 c) S/4
b) S/3 d) S/5
5. Spacing of beam stirrups not more than d/2 is placed at
______________________.
a) L/2 c) L/7
b) L/4 d) L/9
6. Bundles main beam rebar shall not be more than _____________.
 a) 2pcs. c) 6pcs.
b) 4pcs. d) 8pcs.
7. The minimum size of footing rebar is ________________________.
a) D8 c) D16
b) D10 d) D20
8. The minimum size of column rebar is ________________________.
a) D8 c) D20
b) D16 d) D25
9. The size of column stirrups shall be ________________________.
a) D10 c) D25
b) D20 d) D28
10. Bundled column rebars or any vertical rebars shall not be more than
__________________________.
a) 2pcs c) 6pcs
b) 4pcs d) 8pcs

11. The column stirrups at a spacing no more than ___________________.

a) 8db c) 16db
b) 12db d) 20db
12. Assemble beam rebar with diameter not more than ________________.
a) 8db c) 12db
b) 10b d) 16db
13. The minimum number of column rebar is _______________________.
a) 4pcs c) 12pcs
b) 8pcs d) 16pcs
14. The size of beam stirrups shall be not less than D10 but not greater
than ______________________________.
a) D12 c) D20
b) D16 d) D25
15. Beam top rebars at center span shall be at least
__________________________.
a) 2pcs
b) 4pcs
c) 6pcs
d) 8pcs
 Information Sheet 4.4.02
Tying Rebars

Assembling rebar is the process of tying reinforcing bars together, which are
arranged and spaced correctly, with wire. The tying will stop the bars from
moving when the concrete is being placed or by being moved by other
construction works before the concrete is placed.

There are three main methods of tying ;

1. Snap trying
This is normally applied to flat horizontal work
2. Cross trying or figure eight trying. This used on mostly for wall or main
rebars of a column. Both bars are tightly secured because of the
intersecting frontal and diagonal ties used in this tying.
3. Wall tying or wrap and snap tying. This is used for tying wall rebars.
Tools, Equipment and Materials

● A wire cutter – electrical or side cutting plier

● Tie wires – tie wires #18

● A wire twister

● Rebar for a column footing

● Rebar for a column

\
Self – Check 4.4.02

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

 Information Sheet 4.4.03
Assembling Column and Footing Rebar

Assembling rebars is one of the major task of a rebar worker. Although

assembling methods vary depending on the complexities of rebar works, a rebar
worker finds no difficulty to execute the job successfully if he knows basically
what he is going to do. This learning element presents only the fundamentals of
assembling rebars such as for column and its footing.
Self – Check 4.4.03

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

Activity :

Performance Test

Given the necessary tools and materials you are going to assemble a
column and footing rebars.

Assessment Standards / Criteria

Footing bars spacings +/- 5mm squareness of footings +/- 5mm rigidity
of footing assembly. Plumbness of column rebar assembly – squareness of
column rebar assembly hoops spacing +/- mm rigidity of the structure.

Directions ;

1. Fabricate and assemble footing rebars with 400 x 400mm cross-sectional

dimension using D10.
2. Fabricate and assemble column rebars with 175mm x 175mm cross-
sectional dimension using D10.
 Information Sheet 4.4.04
Assembling Wall Rebars

Wall rebar is assembled vertically and horizontally in a grid pattern anchored

on a continuous wall footing rebars. Concrete wall rebar has a maximum vertical
and horizontal spacings of 0.60 meters. Walls made of concrete hollow blocks
(CHB wall) has spacing of vertical rebar at 0.8 meters and horizontals rebars for
every three layers of concrete hollow block (CHB) or 0.6 meters also anchored
on a continuous CHB wall footings. Assembling CHB wall rebar is done
progressively unlike rebars for poured concrete wall are assembled completely
before installing the wall forms. CHB vertical rebars could be installed at
convenient detailing dimension at cutting lengths of 0.6m, 0.8m, 1.0m or
maximum of 1.20 meters. Splicing of wall vertical rebars is done as the height or
layers of concrete hollow blocks increases.

Img Src : https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Typical-cross-section-of-the-base-of-a-loadbearing-CMU-wall-

showing-rebar-placement-in_fig1_326995556
 CHB WALL

REBARS FOR CHB WALL

Self – Check 4.4.04

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

A. Completion Type
Directions : Fill in the blank with the correct answer in “ALL CAPS”
1. There are several types of wall rebars ; namely :
a. ______________________
b. ______________________
c. ______________________
2. Wall rebar is assembled vertically and horizontally in a pattern like
_________________________.
3. Poured concrete wall rebars are tied vertically and horizontally with
spacing of ______________________.
4. Wall rebar is supported and anchored at the foundation by
__________________________.
5. Concrete hollow block (CHB) walls horizontal rebars are tied for every
__________________________.
6. Vertical rebars for CHB wall has recommend spacing of
_________________________.
7. CHB rebars are assembled ___________________.
8. CHB vertical rebars need _____________________.
9. Concrete wall rebars must be completed or assembled first before
installing __________________________.
10. Assemble wall rebars especially for concrete wall by applying
__________________________.

B. Activity : Fabricating and Assembling Wall Rebars

Directions :
1. Fabricate and assemble rebars for 1 meter x 1 meter wall at a spacing
of 8” on center.
2. Fabricate and assemble wall footing with detailing dimension of 0.3
meter and 1.0 meter longitudinal footing rebar.
Tools and Materials

a. D8 rebar
b. Tie wire
c. Bending jig and pipe
d. Wire twister
e. Pull push rule
f. Try square
Assessment and Criteria

Initiative 25%
Speed 25%
Accuracy 25%
Quality 25%

100%

Information Sheet 4.4.05

Assembling Beam / Girder Rebars

Beam or girder rebars are composed of four (4) longitudinal rebars spread at
each corner of the cross-sectional dimension of the building horizontal
component. They are called main beam rebars. Additional top bars are placed
each o n both ends of the beam near the support and extra bottom beam rebars
at mid span at L/4 and L/2 respectively. The beam / girder components are held
together by the stirrups at shorter spacing near the supports. Stirrups can be
open or closed with 90 degree or 135 degree hooks.

DETAILS OF BEAM

DETAILS OF BEAM
 STEPS IN ASSEMBLING BEAM / GIRDER REBARS

1. Insert the required and fabricated beam/girder rebar components into the
required number of stirrups. Mark the positions of the stirrups with the
required spacings.

2. Tie the top beam main rebars and additional top beam rebars on both
ends less the width of the columns with the stirrups. Ties the main bottom
rebars and extra beam bottom rebars.

3. Check the center to center spacings of stirrups on both ends at L/4 and at
the midspan at L/2.
 4. Tie the corresponding stirrups into the beam rebars.

Self – Check 4.4.05

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

A. Identification
Directions : Identify what is being described.
Write answer before each number in “ALL CAPS”
___________1. They are the four (4) longitudinal beam / girder rebars
spread at each corner of the cross-sectional of the beam.
___________2. It is the location or position of the extra bottom rebar.
___________3. It is the location of the additional beam top rebars.
___________4. It is the exact location or position of the additional beam
top rebars.
___________5. It is the exact location or position of the extra bottom
beam bear.
___________6. They are the hooks
___________7. of the stirrups
___________8. It is the common shape of beam stirrups.
___________9. They are the two kinds of
___________10. beam stirrups.

B. Activity : Assembling Beam Rebars

Directions :
1. Assemble the beam rebars you have fabricated at proper and obvious
standard spacing.
2. Connect the beam rebar assembly to the column and footing rebar
assembly.
Tools and Materials

a. Wire twister
b. Wire cutter
c. Tie wire
d. Fabricated beam rebars
e. Pull push rule
f. Column footing assembly
Assessment Criteria

Initiating 25%
Speed 25%
Accuracy 25%
Rigidity 25%

100%

Information Sheet 4.4.06

Assembling Slab Rebar

Slab rebars is assembled or installed based on its support conditions. Slab

design can be supported by columns, walls and beams. Flat slab is directly
supported by column. A one-way slab is supported on its two sides where
bending takes place in one direction.
Img Source ; https://bsbgroup.com/blog/one-way-concrete-flooring-system

A One - Way Slab

A two-way slabs is a rectangular slabs supported on all four sides where

bending take place in two directions. Rebars are installed or assembled along
both directions. Its thickness varies from 100mm with drop panel and 125mm
without drop panel.

Img src : https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/slab/design-two-way-slab-coefficient-method/30717/

A Two - Way Slab

Steps in Assembling Slab Rebars

Once the column and beam rebars are installed or assembled, slab rebars
installation or assembly follows.

A. One-way slab rebars

1. Measure and mark the spacings of the top and bottom rebars on the
opposite side of both short and long span.
2. Set down the slab bottom rebars parallel to the short span with the
marked spacings

3. Set down the slab top bars on top at the bottom rebars perpendicularly
with the marked spacing.
 4. Tie the top rebars and the slab bottom rebars.

B. Steps in Assembling Two-Way Slab Rebar

1. Measure and mark the spacings of the slab top and bottom rebars on
the opposite sides of both the short and long span. Lay down the
rebars at half-length of the center or midspan of the long span.
2. Set down the top rebars at half-length of the midspan of the short
span.

3. Tie the slab rebars maintaining the marked spacings.

4. Assemble the bent rebars along both short and long span and strips.
Bottom rebars and extended at least 6” into the supporting beams or
walls. Top rebars is extended ¼ the span of the adjacent slab.
 5. Tie the temperature rebars on top of bent rebars on both short and
long span.

● Rebars terminating from the column and interior support columns or walls
is extended from L/4 for at least 15db.

Self – Check 4.3.06

Name _____________________________________ Date ___________________

Yr. and Section __________________________

A. Complete Type
Directions : Fill in the blank with the correct answer in “ALL CAPS”
1. The thickness of two-way slab without drop panel is
___________________________.
2. The rectangular portion above the column and below the slab
preventing the slab from shearing and rupturing is
___________________________.
3. The bending of one-way slab takes place in _______________________.
4. Support a flat slab directly by ____________________.
5. Slab is usually supported by _____________________
6. _________________________ and
7. _________________________.
8. The bending of two-way slab takes place in ___________________.
9. Top rebars of slab are extended to the adjacent slab for about
_________________________.
10. Rebars terminating from the column and interior columns and walls
are extended starting from L/4 at about ______________________.

B. Activity : Fabricating and Assembling Slab Rebars

Directions :
1. Fabricate and assemble a model of one-way slab rebars for a floor area
of 2.5m x 4.0m at a scale of 1:10.
2. Fabricate and assemble a model of two-way slab rebars for a floor area
of 2.5m x 4.0m at a scale of 1:10.
3. Use 1/8” dia. Or 3mm diameter (#10 or #12) G.I. wire and spacing of
3.0m or center.
Tools and Materials

a. G.I. Wire 3mm dia.

b. Tie wire “Fine”
c. Pliers
d. Pull push rule
e. Claw hammer
f. Nail 3” -
g. Bending pipe 3/8 dia.
Assessment Criteria

Initiative 25%
Speed 25%
Accuracy 25%
Resourcefulness 25%

100 %

Course References

Books

● Fajardo, Max B. Jr. Simplifies Methods of Building Construction

Phil. ; 5138 Merchandising, 2000
 ● Tagayun , Vicente A. Estimating Bill of Materials
Manila: VAT Publishing 2005
Internet

● https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Typical-cross-section-of-the-base-of-
a-loadbearing-CMU-wall-showing-rebar-placement-in_fig1_326995556
● https://www.keuka-studios.com/types-of-stairs-2/

● https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/continuous-beams-8

● https://bsbgroup.com/blog/one-way-concrete-flooring-system

● https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/slab/design-two-way-slab-
coefficient-method/30717/
● https://engineeringdiscoveries.com/classification-of-staircases/
02d447c8fa5061bda1474cb1ed3ade53