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Calligraphy and Wood Block Printing
Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing.
Traditional painting involves essentially the same techniques as calligraphy and is done with a brush dipped in black or colored ink; oils are not used. In calligraphy, the popular materials which paintings are made of are paper and silk. Chinese calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting. The foundations of Japanese calligraphy originated in China during the Han dynasty, with all basic forms developed by 220 A.D. It was introduced in Japan in the 6th century A.D. as a means to stay in contact between countries. Japanese calligraphy has many purposes. It is an art form, a means of communication, but also a Zen practice that evokes harmony and wisdom. Chinese calligraphy was introduced to Korea as early as the 2nd or 3rd century CE, and became popular in the 7th century. Kim Saeng became known as the earliest Korean calligraphic master in the 8th century. In the 9th century, poet Choe Chiwon became known for his calligraphy both in his home country Silla and in the Tang Dynasty. Woodblock printing is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia. It originated in China as a method of printing on textiles but eventually became a method for printing on paper. It is strongly associated with Buddhism, which encouraged the spread of charms and sutras. This method was adapted in Japan during the Edo period (1603-1867) and became one of their oldest and most highly developed visual arts. The most common theme in Japan for printmaking describes scenes from everyday life and the best known and most popular style of Japanese art is Ukiyo-e, which is Japanese for "pictures of the floating world”. In Korea the majority of books printed by traditional Korean methods are woodblock prints. An early example of woodblock printing on paper is The Great Dharani Sutra dated between AD 704 and 751. It was found at Bulguksa, South Korea in 1966. Its Buddhist text was printed on mulberry paper scroll in the early Korean Kingdom of Unified Silla.