Micro Oo

8085

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احمد عبدالحكيم

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Micro Oo

8085

Uploaded by

احمد عبدالحكيم

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Microprocessor

Microprocessor: is a multipurpose programmable logic device that reads

binary instruction from a storage device and accept binary data as input
and processes the instruction for execution.
Memory: is the location where information is saved while no in current
use. It is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes……
Cache Memory: is a smaller, faster memory used by the CPU of a
computer used to reduce the average time to access the memory by
storing copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory.
The difference between Microcontroller & Microprocessor
Microcontroller Microprocessor
Peripherals embedded in it Use external circuits
Compact Bulky
Expensive (more external
Cheap (less external components)
components)
Slow (8 MHz - 50 MHz) Fast (1GHz)

Less power consumption

More power consumption
(power saving system)
Used for small applications Used for large applications
Limited and less complex tasks Huge and complicated tasks
Program memory & data memory Program & data stored in the
are separated (Harvard same module (Weumann
architecture) Model)

CPU Memory
CPU
Memory
I/O ports
I/O ports

Microcontrollers & Microprocessors can’t be replaced by each other.

Basic concepts of microprocessors
Microcomputer: is a computer with a microprocessor as its CPU.
Includes memory, I/O …etc.
Microprocessor: is a silicon chip which includes ALU, register
circuits & control circuits.
Microcontroller: is a silicon chip which includes microprocessor,
memory & I/O in a single package.

Instructions: a group of operations that are executed from the

microprocessor.
Microprocessors processes information 8-bits at a time.
Word: a group of bits that are recognized and processed by the
microprocessor.
The microprocessor brings data from the memory when in need.
while it stores the results into the memory when it’s done.
Then the results must be presented in human readable form.

1 Kilobyte = 1024 bytes

1 megabyte = 1024 kilobytes
1 gigabyte = 1024 megabytes

Microprocessor-based system: (block diagram)

Microprocessor

input output

Memory
Inside the microprocessor (made up of 3 main units)
- ALU
- Control Unit
- Register array
I/O
Input / Output

ALU Register Array

System Bus
Control Unit

Memory
ROM RAM

The control unit: 1- provides the necessary timing and control

signal to all operations in the microcomputer.
2- it controls the flow of data between the M.P
and the peripherals.

Memory Map & Addresses:

The memory map is a picture representation of the address range
and shows where the different memory chips are located within
the address range.
0000 0000
EPROM Address range of EPROM Chip
3FFF

RAM 1 4400
Address range of First RAM Chip
Address Range

5FFF
RAM 2 Address range of second RAM Chip
9000
RAM 3 Address range of third RAM Chip
A400
RAM 4 Address range of fourth RAM Chip

FFFF F7FF
Execution of a program:)‫(آلية التنفيذ للبرامج‬
1- The user enters instructions in binary into the memory (read) (fetch).
2- The microprocessor reads the instructions. (compile) (decode)
3- The microprocessor executes the instruction then shows the
result in memory or output device. (execute)
The sequence is continued till all of the instructions are performed

An instruction: is a binary pattern entered through an input device in

the memory to command the microprocessor to perform that specific
function.
8085 assembly language: is the complete set of 8085 mnemonics.
assembly language program: in the program written in these mnemonics

Machine language and assembly language are M.P specific & considered
low-level languages.
- Machine language is in binary.
- Assembly language is in English- like words.
- English words are converted into binary languages using compiler (or
interpreter).
- Compiler (or interpreter) : is a program that accepts English-like
statements as its input & converts the input into binary. (the input is
called the source code)
- The compiler translates the source code into machine language. (the
translation is called object code.
- Each M.P needs its own compiler or interpreter for each high level
language.
- the difference between the compiler & interpreter:
the compiler reads the whole program then translates it to object code.
the interpreter reads 1 instruction at a time and translates it to object
code, the it reads the next code and so on.

Source Compiler (or Object

code interpreter code
- The 8085 instruction set is classified into 5 groups:
1- Data transfer.
2- Arithmetic.
3- Logic.
4- Branch.
5- Machine control.
(Check the 3 diagrams of the programing model page 32)