1 Review
1 Review
8. Draw, by hand, a rough sketch of the graph of each function. (f) Reflect about the y-axis.
(a) y − sin x (b) y − tan x (c) y − e x (g) Stretch vertically by a factor of 2.
(d) y − ln x (e) y − 1yx (f) y − x | | (h) Shrink vertically by a factor of 2.
(g) y − sx (h) y − tan21 x (i) Stretch horizontally by a factor of 2.
(j) Shrink horizontally by a factor of 2.
9. Suppose that f has domain A and t has domain B.
(a) What is the domain of f 1 t? 12. (a) What is a one-to-one function? How can you tell if a
(b) What is the domain of f t? function is one-to-one by looking at its graph?
(c) What is the domain of fyt? (b) If f is a one-to-one function, how is its inverse function
f 21 defined? How do you obtain the graph of f 21 from
10. How is the composite function f 8 t defined? What is its the graph of f ?
domain?
13. (a) How is the inverse sine function f sxd − sin21 x defined?
11. Suppose the graph of f is given. Write an equation for each of What are its domain and range?
the graphs that are obtained from the graph of f as follows. (b) How is the inverse cosine function f sxd − cos21 x
(a) Shift 2 units upward. (b) Shift 2 units downward. defined? What are its domain and range?
(c) Shift 2 units to the right. (d) Shift 2 units to the left. (c) How is the inverse tangent function f sxd − tan21 x
(e) Reflect about the x-axis. defined? What are its domain and range?
TRUE-FALSE QUIZ
1
Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is true, 7. If f is one-to-one, then f 21sxd − .
explain why. If it is false, explain why or give an example that f sxd
8. You can always divide by e x.
disproves the statement.
9. If 0 , a , b, then ln a , ln b.
1. If f is a function, then f ss 1 td − f ssd 1 f std.
10. If x . 0, then sln xd6 − 6 ln x.
2. If f ssd − f std, then s − t.
ln x x
3. If f is a function, then f s3xd − 3 f sxd. 11. If x . 0 and a . 1, then − ln .
ln a a
12. tan21s21d − 3y4
4. If x 1 , x 2 and f is a decreasing function, then f sx 1 d . f sx 2 d
sin21x
5. A vertical line intersects the graph of a function at most once. 13. tan21x −
cos21x
6. If f and t are functions, then f 8 t − t 8 f. 14. If x is any real number, then sx 2 − x.
EXERCISES
1 V
V /
I
/ 1 x
- f- 1
I\ V
V 0 1 x
" / _/ I
(a) Estimate the value of f s2d. (a) State the value of ts2d.
(b) Estimate the values of x such that f sxd − 3. (b) Why is t one-to-one?
(c) State the domain of f. (c) Estimate the value of t21s2d.
(d) State the range of f. (d) Estimate the domain of t21.
(e) On what interval is f increasing? (e) Sketch the graph of t21.
70 CHAPTER 1 Functions and Models
3. If f sxd − x 2 2 2x 1 3, evaluate the difference quotient 21. Life expectancy improved dramatically in the 20th century.
The table gives the life expectancy at birth (in years) of males
f sa 1 hd 2 f sad
born in the United States. Use a scatter plot to choose an
h appropriate type of model. Use your model to predict the life
4. Sketch a rough graph of the yield of a crop as a function of the span of a male born in the year 2010.
amount of fertilizer used.
Birth year Life expectancy Birth year Life expectancy
5–8 Find the domain and range of the function. Write your answer
in interval notation. 1900 48.3 1960 66.6
1910 51.1 1970 67.1
5. f sxd − 2ys3x 2 1d 6. tsxd − s16 2 x 4
1920 55.2 1980 70.0
7. hsxd − lnsx 1 6d 8. Fstd − 3 1 cos 2t 1930 57.4 1990 71.8
1940 62.5 2000 73.0
9. Suppose that the graph of f is given. Describe how the graphs 1950 65.6
of the following functions can be obtained from the graph of f.
f
(a) y − f sxd 1 8 (b) y − f sx 1 8d 22. A small-appliance manufacturer finds that it costs $9000 to
(c) y − 1 1 2 f sxd (d) y − f sx 2 2d 2 2 produce 1000 toaster ovens a week and $12,000 to produce
(e) y − 2f2 sxd (f ) y − f 21sxd 1500 toaster ovens a week.
10. The graph of f is given. Draw the graphs of the following (a) Express the cost as a function of the number of toaster
functions. ovens produced, assuming that it is linear. Then sketch
(a) y − f sx 2 8d (b) y − 2f
2 sxd the graph.
(c) y − 2 2 f sxd (d) y − 12 f sxd 2 1 (b) What is the slope of the graph and what does it represent?
(c) What is the y-intercept of the graph and what does it
(e) y − f 21sxd (f ) y − f 21sx 1 3d
represent?
y 23. If f sxd − 2x 1 ln x, find f 21s2d.
~V~ x11
24. Find the inverse function of f sxd − .
I 2x 1 1
,,v 25.. Fi
Find
F ind
n the exact value of each expression.
v,,, 1
(aa) e 2 ln 3 (b) log10 25 1 log10 4
0 1 x
(c) tansarcsin 12 d (d) sinscos21s54dd
26. Solve each equation for x.
(a) e x − 5 (b) ln x − 2
11–16 Use transformations to sketch the graph of the function. x
(c) ee − 2 (d) tan21x − 1
11. y − sx 2 2d3 12. y − 2 sx
27. The half-life of palladium-100, 100 Pd, is four days. (So half of
13. y − x 2 2 x 1 2
2
14. y − lnsx 1 1d any given quantity of 100 Pd will disintegrate in four days.) The
100,000
18.. Find an expression for the function whose graph consists of
18 Pstd −
100 1 900e2t
the line segment from the point s22, 2d to the point s21, 0d
together with the top half of the circle with center the origin where t is measured in years.
and radius 1. ; (a) Graph this function and estimate how long it takes for the
population to reach 900.
19. If f sxd − ln x and tsxd − x 2 2 9, find the functions (b) Find the inverse of this function and explain its meaning.
(a) f 8 t, (b) t 8 f , (c) f 8 f , (d) t 8 t, and their domains. (c) Use the inverse function to find the time required for
20. Express the function Fsxd − 1yysx 1 sx as a composition of the population to reach 900. Compare with the result of
three functions. part (a).