Computer Programming Lab

Experiment 3

Exploring Various Types of Operators in C++

Objectives:

 To understand operators in C++
 To use various operators in programs

Operators:

anoperator is a symbol to perform some specific functionality. The values/variables on which operator performs
An
specific function are called operands. Based on the number of operands, the operators in C++ are:
 Unary Operators
 Binary Operators
 Ternary Operators
Based on the functionality, the operators in C++ are:
 Arithmetic Operators
 Relational Operators
 Logical Operators
 Bitwise Operators
 Assignment Operators
 Other/Miscellaneous Operators

Arithmetic Operators:

Arithmetic
an operators are used to perform some mathematical operation on given variables. Arithmetic operators used in C++
are:

Operator Function
+ Adds the operands

- Subtracts the operands

* Multiply the operands

/ Divide the operands

% Remainder after division
++ Increment operator

-- Decrement Operator

Designed & Prepared by Engr. Syed Ahtisham Mehmood Shah

 Computer Programming Lab
Experiment 3
The following codes give idea about arithmetic operators:
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int x=20;
int y=10;
int add;
int subtract;
int multiply;
int remainder;
int divide;
add=x+y;
subtract=x-y;
multiply=x*y;
divide=x/y;
remainder=x%y;
cout<<"The addition is"<<add<<endl;
cout<<"The subtraction is"<<subtract<<endl;
cout<<"The multiplication is"<<multiply<<endl;
cout<<"The division is"<<divide<<endl;
cout<<"The remainder is"<<remainder<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
For increment and decrement operators, the following are used;
 Post Increment
 Post Decrement
 Pre Increment
 Pre decrement
The following code gives the idea of these operators:
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int x=20;
int y=10;
int z=30;
int k=40;
int j;
int l;
int m;
int n;
j=x++;
m=++y;
l=z--;
n=--k;
cout<<"The post increment of j is"<<j<<endl;

Designed & Prepared by Engr. Syed Ahtisham Mehmood Shah

 Computer Programming Lab
Experiment 3
cout<<"The pre increment of y is"<<m<<endl;
cout<<"The post decrement of l is"<<l<<endl;
cout<<"The pre decrement of k is"<<n<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}

Relational Operators:

Relational operators give relation between operands. Relational operators used in C++ are:
an

Operator Function
< Checks if the left operand is less than right operand
> Checks if the right operand is less than left operand
== Checks if the left and right operands are equal

!= Checks if the left and right operands are not equal

<= Checks if the left operand is less than or equal to right operand

>= Checks if the left operand is greater than or equal to right operand

The following code gives idea about relational operators:

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int x=20;
int y=10;
cout<<"x is less than y"<<(x<y)<<endl;
cout<<"x is greater than x"<<(y<x)<<endl;
cout<<"x is equal to y"<<(x==y)<<endl;
cout<<"x is not equal to y"<<(x!=y)<<endl;
cout<<"x is less than or equal to y"<<(x<=y)<<endl;
cout<<"x is greater than or equal to y"<<(x>=y)<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}

Logical Operators:

These
an operators are used to perform logical operation on operands. These operators are given in the
following table as;

Designed & Prepared by Engr. Syed Ahtisham Mehmood Shah

Computer Programming Lab
Experiment 3

Operator Function
&& Logical AND will give true only if both operands are true
|| Logical OR will give true if any one of the operands is true

! Logical NOT reverses the state

The following code gives idea about these operators:

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int x=20,y=30,z;
cout<<"please enter the number";
cin>>z;
if((z>x)&&(z>y)){
cout<<"the entered number "<<z<<" is greater than 30"<<endl;
}
if((z>x)&&(z<y)){
cout<<"the entered number "<<z<<" is less than 30"<<endl;
}
if((z<x)&&(z<y)){
cout<<"the entered number "<<z<<" is greater than 20"<<endl;
}
if((z>x)||(z<y)){
cout<<"the entered number "<<z<<" is entered"<<endl;
}
if(!z==0){
cout<<"the entered number "<<z<<" has been removed"<<endl;
}
getch();
return 0;
}

Bitwise Operators:

an
These operators perform operation on bitwise basis. The following table gives the idea:

Operator Function
& Performs the bit wise and operation on operands

Designed & Prepared by Engr. Syed Ahtisham Mehmood Shah

 Computer Programming Lab
Experiment 3

| Performs the or operation on bitwise basis on operands

^ Performs the bit wise exclusive or operation on operands

~ Performs the bit wise not operation on operands

<< Performs the bit wise left shift operation on operands

>> Performs the bit wise right shift operation on operands
The following
code gives the idea:
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int x=26,y=9;
cout<<(x&y)<<endl;
cout<<(x|y)<<endl;
cout<<(x^y)<<endl;
cout<<(~x)<<endl;
cout<<(x<<1)<<endl;
cout<<(x>>1)<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}

Assignment Operators:

Assignment
an operators assign the value and are given as: (Refer to the class lecture for further
understanding)

Operator Function
= Simple assignment operator

+= Add and assignment operator

%= Modulus and assignment operator

-= Subtract and assignment operator

*= Multiply and assignment operator

/= Divide and assignment operator

The following code gives the idea:

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int x=26,y=9;

Designed & Prepared by Engr. Syed Ahtisham Mehmood Shah

Computer Programming Lab
Experiment 3

x+=1;
cout<<x<<endl;
x-=1;
cout<<x<<endl;
x/=2;
cout<<x<<endl;
x%=2;
cout<<x<<endl;
x*=2;
cout<<x<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}

Miscellaneous Operators:

Some of the other operators used in C++ include sizeof, conditional operator, type cast, comma, pointer
an
operators etc. Some of them have been used here at this moment:

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int x=10,y=20,z,n;
float m=8.9;
cout<<"plz enter the number"<<endl;
cin>>z;
cout<<sizeof(int)<<endl;
n=((z<x)&&(z<y))? z:y ;
cout<<int(m)<<endl;
cout<<n<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}

Tasks:
1) Write a program that takes a number input from user and returns the double of that input.
2) Write a program that takes length and width of rectangle from user and outputs the area and
perimeter of rectangle.
3) Write a program that takes input of length in feet and outputs the length in inches.
4) Write a program that takes input of length in inches and returns the length in feet and inches.
5) Write a program that takes number input from user and outputs whether the number is even or odd.
6) Write a program that takes input from user and tells whether the number is between 20 and 30.
7) Write a program that takes floating point input from user outputs the integer part.
8) Write a program that takes integer input from user and outputs the result of assignment operators
Designed & Prepared by Engr. Syed Ahtisham Mehmood Shah
Computer Programming Lab
Experiment 3

on the input.
9) Write a program that takes 3 inputs from user and outputs the result of binary operators on any of
two inputs.
10) Given the function body:
int x=10,y=14,z,l,m,n;
z=x++;
cout<<x<<endl<<z<<endl;
l=++x;
cout<<x<<endl<<l<<endl;
m=x--;
cout<<x<<endl<<m<<endl;
n=--x;
cout<<x<<endl<<n<<endl;
First analyze the ouput and then verify on the code.

Conclusion:

an

Designed & Prepared by Engr. Syed Ahtisham Mehmood Shah