INTERNSHIP REPORT

Python Programming and Data Analytics Intern

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHONOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR,
ANANTHAPURAMU

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted by

P. YUVANJALI
(Roll no: 21121A05K5)

Under the Esteemed Supervision of

Dr .N. Bala Krishna
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

(Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu and approved by AICTE, New Delhi) Accredited by NAAC with A Grade
Sree Sainath Nagar, Tirupati, Chittoor Dist. -517 102, A.P, INDIA

i
 SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
Sree Sainath Nagar, A. Rangampet

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Certificate

This is to certify that the internship report entitled “Python Programming and Data Analytics

Internship” is the bona fide work done by P.YUVANJALI(Roll No:21121A05K5) in the

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, and submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru

Technological University Anantapur, Anantapuramu in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science during the

academic year 2023- 2024.

Head:

Dr. B. Narendra Kumar Rao

Professor & Head
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
InternshipCertificate

iii
 ABSTRACT
The internship report presents a comprehensive exploration of the application of data
analytics techniques using the Python programming language. Undertaken at Ekalavya Innovative
solutions, the internship aimed data analysis. The report begins with an introduction to the
significance of data analytics in contemporary business environment and the pivotal role of python
in the domain.

Data Science and Analytics with Python is designed for practitioners in data science and
data analytics in both academic and business environments. Python is defined as process of
handling complexity by hiding unnecessary information from the user. The aim is to present
the reader with the main concepts used in data science using tools developed in Python, such
as SciKit-learn, Pandas, Numpy, and others. Challenges encountered during the process are
discussed, along with innovative solutions devised to overcome them. Visualization, generated
using Matplotib and Seaborn, serve to elucidate complex trends and facilitate a deeper
understanding of the data. The heart of the report lies in the analysis and results section, where
key insights and patterns derived from the data ets are presented.

In conclusion, this internship significantly contributed to the advancement pratical skills in data
analytics with Python. The report underscores the versatility of Python as a tool for extracting
meaningful insights from diverse datasets. The gained experience not only aligns with the
organizational goals of Ekalavya Innovative solutions but aldo establishes a foundation for
continued exploration and innovation in the realm of the data analytics.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely thankful to our beloved Chairman and founder Dr. M. Mohan Babu
who took keen interest to provide us the oppurtunity for carrying out the project work. We are highly indebted
to Dr. B.M.Satish, Principal of Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College for his valuable support in all
academic matters.

We are very much obliged to Dr. B. Narendra Kumar Rao , Professor & Head, Department of CSE,
for providing us the guidance and encouragement in completion of this work.

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to the Ekalavya Innovative Solution Tirupati who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful internship, which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and I came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.

P. YUVANJALI
21121A05K5

v
 CONTENTS

Title Page no.

CERTIFICATE i-iii

ABSTRACT iv
AKNOWLEDGEMENT v

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION 1-5

1.1 Python……………………………………………………1-2

1.2 Scripting Language………………………………………2-3

1.3 Object Oriented Programming……………………………3-3

1.4 History of Python………………………...……………….3-4

1.5 Behind the Scene of Python………………………………5-5

MODULE 2: Downloading & Installing Python 6-13

2.1 Downloading Python……………………………………..6-7

2.2 Installing Python…………………………………………8-10

2.3 Setup path of variable………………..…………………10-11

2.4 Running The Python IDLE……………………………….12-13

2.5 Python Code Execution………………………………….13-13

vi
MODULE 3: Data Types & Operator 14-18

3.1 Data Type………………………………………………….14-15

3.2 Variables…………………………………………………..15-15

3.3 String……………………………………………………...15-16

3.4 Python Operator…………………………………………..16-17

3.5 Arithmetic Operator……………………………………….17-17

3.6 Comparison Operator……………………………...………17-18

MODULE 4: Tuple & List 18-21

4.1 Tuple……………………………………………….……..18-20

Accessing Tuple Values…………………………18-18

Built in Operation……………...………………..18-19

Built in Touple Functions…………………..…...19-19

4.2 List………………………………………………………...20-21

Accessing List Values…………………………….20-21

Built in Operation………………………………..21-21

Built in Functions………………………………...21-21

MODULE 5: Loops & Conditional Statement 21-26

5.1 Loops………………………………………………….21-26

Loops Definition……………………………………21-22

Loops Example……………………………………..22-23

5.2 Conditinal Statement………………………………….23-25

Conditional Statement Definition…………………23-23

vii
 Conditional Statement Example…………………….24-25

MODULE 6: Uses & Conditional Statement 26-27

6.1 What can we do With Python?.............................................26-26

6.2 Who Uses Python Today?………….……………………..27-27

6.3 Why do People use Python?...............................................27-27

CONCLUSION 28
REFERENCES 29-30

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

Tables Description Page No.

Table 1.1 Salesforce Support Features
2
Table 2.1 Intern User Platform 8
Table 3.1.1 Table Field Label
12 Table 3.1.2 Field Label
12
LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Description Page No.

Figure 3.1 Schema Builder 15

Figure 4.1 Controlling Data Access with Salesforce Platform 24

Figure 6.1 Completion of Apex specialist super badge 36

Figure 6.2 Completion of Process automation Badge 38

ix
x
 MODULE-1

[INTRODUCTION]

1.1 Python

Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language.

Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express
concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or Java. The
language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and functional
programming or procedural styles. It features a dynamic type system and automatic memory
management
and has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for installation
on many operating systems, allowing Python code execution on a wide variety of systems.

1.2 Scripting Language

A scripting or script language is a programming language that supports scripts, programs written for
a special run-time environment that automate the execution of tasks that could alternatively be
executed one-by-one by a human operator.

Scripting languages are often interpreted (rather than compiled). Primitives are usually in the
elementary tasks or API calls, and the language allows them to be combined into more complex
programs. Environments that can be automated through scripting include software applications,
web pages within a web browser, the shells of operating systems (OS), embedded systems, as well
as numerous games.

A scripting language can be viewed as a domain-specific language for a particular environment; in

the case of scripting an application, this is also known as an extension language. Scripting
languages are also sometimes referred to as very high-level programming languages, as they operate
at a
high level of abstraction, or as control languages.

1.3 Object Oriented Programming Language

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects",

which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of
procedures,

often known as methods. A distinguishing feature of objects is that an object's procedures can access
and often

modify the data fields of the object with which they are associated (objects have a notion of "this" or
"self").

In OO programming, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact
with

one another. There is significant diversity in objectoriented programming, but most popular languages
are

class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which typically also determines their type.

1.3 History of Python

Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started in December 1989 by
Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by
SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system. Van
Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of
Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, benevolent dictator for life
(BDFL).
Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms,
including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is
often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard library.

Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC
programming language and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0.[34] Python 2.0 was released in
2000. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely backward-compatible with
earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the last release of Python 2.

“Python is an experiment in how much freedom programmers need. Too much freedom and nobody
can read another's code; too little and expressiveness is endangered.”

-Guido van Rossum

1.5 Behind the Scene of Python

About the origin of Python, Van Rossum wrote in 1996:

Over six years ago, in December 1989, I was looking for a "hobby" programming project that would
keep me
occupied during the week around Christmas. My office ... would be closed, but I had a home
Computer, and not
much else on my hands. I decided to write an interpreter for the new scripting language I had been
thinking
about lately: a descendant of ABC that would appeal to Unix/C hackers. I chose Python as a working
title
for the project, being in a slightly irreverent mood (and a big fan of Monty Python's Flying Circus).

MODULE – 2
Downloading & Installing Python

2.1 Downloading Python

If you don’t already have a copy of Python installed on your computer, you will need to open up your
Internet
browser and go to the Python download page (http://www.python.org/download/).
Now that you are on the download page, select which of the software builds you would like to
download. For
the purposes of this article we will use the most up to date version available (Python 3.4.1).

Once you have clicked on that, you will be taken to a page with a description of all the new updates
and
Features of 3.4.1, however, you can always read that while the download is in process. Scroll to the
bottom
of the page till you find the “Download” section and click on the link that says “download page”.
 Now you will scroll all the way to the bottom of the page and find the “Windows x86 MSI
installer.” If
you want to download the 86-64 bit MSI, feel free to do so. We believe that even if you have a
64-bit
operating system installed on your computer, the 86-bit MSI is preferable. We say this because it
will
still run well and sometimes, with the 64- bit architectures, some of the compiled binaries and
Python
libraries don’t work well.

2.2 Installing Python

 Once you have downloaded the Python MSI, simply navigate to the download location on your
computer, double clicking the file and pressing Run when the dialog box pops up.

If you are the only person who uses your computer, simply leave the “Install for all
users” option selected. If you have multiple accounts on your PC and don’t want to
install it across all accounts, select the “Install just for me” option then press “Next.”
If you want to change the install location, feel free to do so; however, it is best to leave
it as is and simply select next, Otherwise...

Scroll down in the window and find the “Add Python.exe to Path” and click on the small
red “x.” Choose the “Will be installed on local hard drive” option then press “Next.”
 Now that you have completed the installation process click on “Finish”.

2.3 Setup the path Variable

Begin by opening the start menu and typing in “environment” and select the option called “Edit the
system environment variables.”

When the “System Properties” window appears, click on “Environment Variables…”

Once you have the “Environment Variables” window open, direct your focus to the bottom half. You
will notice that it controls all the “System Variables” rather than just this associated with your user.
Click on “New…” to create a new variable for Python.
Simply enter a name for your Path and the code shown below. For the purposes of this

example we have installed Python 2.7.3, so we will call the path: “Pythonpath.” The

string that you will need to enter is: “C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts;”.

Note: A path is the address of a file or folder on your hard drive. The PATH environment variable,
also referred to as just PATH or Path, is a list of paths to directories that youroperating system keeps
and
uses to find executable scripts and programs.
2.4 Running The Python IDLE

Now that we have successfully completed the installation process and added our

“Environment Variable,” you are ready to create your first basic Python script. Let’s begin
by opening Python’s GUI by pressing “Start” and typing “Python” and selecting the “IDLE
(Python GUI).”
 Once the GUI is open, we will begin by using the simplest directive possible. This is the
“print” directive which simply prints whatever you tell it to, into a new line. Start by typing
a print directive like the one shown in the image below or copy and paste this text then
press

“Enter”: print (“Congratulations on executing your first print directive!”)

2.5 Python Code Execution

Python’s traditional runtime execution model: source code you type is translated to byte code, which is
then run by the Python Virtual Machine. Your code is automatically compiled, but then it is interpreted.

Source code extension is .py

Byte code extension is .pyc (compiled python code)

MODULE -3
[Data Type & Operations]

3.1 Data Type

Data types determine whether an object can do something, or whether it just would not make sense.
Other programming languages often determine whether an operation makes sense for an object by
making
sure the object can never be stored somewhere where the operation will be performed on the object
(this type system is called static typing). Python does not do that. Instead it stores the type of an
object with the object, and checks when the operation is performed whether that operation makes
sense
for that object.
Python has many native data types. Here are the important ones:

Booleans are either True or False.

Numbers can be integers (1 and 2), floats (1.1 and 1.2), fractions (1/2 and 2/3), or even
complex numbers.

Strings are sequences of Unicode characters, e.g. an HTML document.

Bytes and byte arrays, e.g. a JPEG image file.

Lists are ordered sequences of values.

Tuples are ordered, immutable sequences of values.

Sets are unordered bags of values.

3.2 Variable

Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means that when you
create a variable you reserve some space in memory.

Based on the data type of a variable, the interpreter allocates memory and decides what
can be stored in the reserved memory. Therefore, by assigning different data types to
variables, you can store integers, decimals or characters in these variables.

Ex: counter = 100 # An integer

assignment miles = 1000.0 # A floating

point name = "John" # A string

3.3 String

In programming terms, we usually call text a string. When you think of a string as a collection
of letters, the term makes sense.

All the letters, numbers, and symbols in this book could be a string. For

that matter, your name could be a string, and so could your address.
 Creating String

In Python, we create a string by putting quotes around text. For example, we could take our
otherwise useless

• "hello"+"world" "helloworld" # concatenation

• "hello"*3 "hellohellohello" # repetition

• "hello"[0] "h" # indexing

• "hello"[-1] "o" # (from end)

• "hello"[1:4] "ell" # slicing

• len("hello") 5 # size

• "hello" < "jello" 1 # comparison

• "e" in "hello" 1 # search

3.4 Python Operator

Arithmetic Operator

Operator
Meaning Example

+ Add two operands or unary plus x+y

+2

- Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus x-y

-2

* Multiply two operands x*y

 / Divide left operand by the right one (always results into x/y
float)

% Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the x % y (remainder of

right x/y)

// Floor division - division that results into whole number x // y

adjusted to the left in the number line

** Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right x**y (x to the

power y)

3.5 Comparison Operator

Greater that - True if left operand is greater than the right x>y

Less that - True if left operand is less than the right x<y

Equal to - True if both operands are equal x == y

Not equal to - True if operands are not equal x != y

Greater than or equal to - True if left operand is greater than or equal x >= y
to the right
Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to the +x <=
right y
 MODULE-4
[Tuple & List]

4.1 Tuples

A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, just like lists. The differences
between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists and tuples use parentheses.

Accessing Values in Tuples:

To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to obtain
value available at that index. For example − tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000); tup2 = (1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7 ); print "tup1[0]: ", tup1[0] print "tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5]
When the above code is executed, it produces the following result − tup1[0]: physics tup2[1:5]:
[2, 3, 4, 5]
Basic Tuples Operations

Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean concatenation and
repetition here too, except that the result is a new tuple, not a string. In fact, tuples respond to
all of the general sequence operations we used on strings in the prior chapter −
Python Expression Results Description

len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length

(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Concatenation

('Hi!',) * 4 ('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!') Repetition

3 in (1, 2, 3) True Membership

for x in (1, 2, 3): print x, 123 Iteration

Built-in Tuple Functions

Python includes the following tuple functions −

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(tuple1, tuple2) Compares elements of both tuples.

2 len(tuple) Gives the total length of the tuple.

3 max(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with max value.

4 min(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with min value.

5 tuple(seq) Converts a list into tuple.

4.2 List

The list is a most versatile datatype available in Python which can be written as a list of comma-
separated values (items) between square brackets. Important thing about a list is that items in a list need
not be of the same type.
Creating a list is as simple as putting different comma-separated values between square brackets. For
example − list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]; list3 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];
Similar to string indices, list indices start at 0, and lists can be sliced, concatenated and so on.

Accessing Values in Lists:

To access values in lists, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to obtain
value available at that index. For example − list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]; print "list1[0]: ", list1[0] print "list2[1:5]: ", list2[1:5]
Output: list1[0]: physics

list2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

Update: list = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; print

"Value available at index 2 : " print list[2] list[2] = 2001; print

"New value available at index 2 : " print list[2]

Output: Value available at index 2 : 1997

New value available at index 2 : 2001

Delete: list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; print list1

del list1[2]; print "After deleting value at index 2 : " print list1

['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]

Output: After deleting value at index 2 :

['physics', 'chemistry', 2000]

Basic List Operation :

Python Expression Results Description

len([1, 2, 3]) 3 Length

[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Concatenation

['Hi!'] * 4 ['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!'] Repetition

3 in [1, 2, 3] True Membership

for x in [1, 2, 3]: print x, 123 Iteration

Built-in List Functions & Methods:

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(list1, list2) Compares elements of both lists.

2 len(list) Gives the total length of the list.

3 max(list) Returns item from the list with max value.

4 min(list) Returns item from the list with min value.

5 list(seq) Converts a tuple into list.

Python includes following list methods:

SN Methods with Description

1 list.append(obj) Appends object obj to list

2 list.count(obj) Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list

3 list.extend(seq) Appends the contents of seq to list

4 list.index(obj) Returns the lowest index in list that obj appears

5 list.insert(index, obj) Inserts object obj into list at offset index

6 list.pop(obj=list[-1]) Removes and returns last object or obj from list

7 list.remove(obj) Removes object obj from list

8 list.reverse() Reverses objects of list in place

9 list.sort([func]) Sorts objects of list, use compare func if given

 MODULE-5
[ Loops & Conditional Statement]
5.1 Loops
Loop definition
Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more
complicated execution paths.
A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements
multiple times. The following diagram illustrates a loop statement −

Python programming language provides following types of loops to handle looping

requirements.

Loop Description
Type
 while Repeats a statement or group of statements
loop while a given condition is TRUE. It tests the
condition before executing the loop body.

for loop Executes a sequence of statements

multiple times and abbreviates the code that
manages the loop variable.

nested You can use one or more loop inside any

loops another while, for or do..while loop.

Loop Example:
For Loop:
>>> for mynum in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]: print ("Hello", mynum )
Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
Hello 5
While Loop:
>>> count = 0 >>while(count< 4):

print 'The count is:', count count = count + 1

The count is: 0

The count is: 1 The count is: 2 The count is: 3

Conditional Statements:

Decision making is anticipation of conditions occurring while execution of the program and
specifying actions taken according to the conditions.
Decision structures evaluate multiple expressions which produce TRUE or FALSE as outcome. You
need to determine which action to take and which statements to execute if outcome is TRUE or
FALSE otherwise.
Python programming language provides following types of decision making statements. Click
the following links to check their detail.

Statement Description

if An if statement consists of a boolean

statements expression followed by one or more
statements.

if...else An if statement can be followed by an

statements optional else statement, which executes
when the boolean expression is FALSE.

nested if You can use one if or else if statement

statements inside another if or else if statement(s).
Conditional Statement Example:
If Statement:
a=33 b=200
If b>a:
print(“b”)
If...Else Statement:
a=200 b=33
if b>a:
print(“b is greater than a”) else:
print(“a is greater than b”)
Function

Function blocks begin with the keyword def followed by the function name and parentheses ( ( )
).
Any input parameters or arguments should be placed within these parentheses. You can also
define parameters inside these parentheses.
The first statement of a function can be an optional statement - the documentation string of the
function.
The code block within every function starts with a colon (:) and is indented.
The statement return [expression] exits a function, optionally passing back an expression to the caller.
A return statement with no arguments is the same as return None.
Syntex:
Def functionname(parameters): “function_docstring” Function_suite Return[expression]
Example:
Def printme(str):

“this print a passed string into this function” print str

return
1. # Function definition is here def printme( str ):
"This prints a passed string into this function" print str return;

# Now you can call printme function printme("I'm first call to user defined function!")
printme("Again second call to the same function").
 MODULE-6
[Uses and Scope of Python]
SCOPE OF PYTHON

1 - Science
- Bioinformatics

2 - System Administration
- Unix

- Web logic

- Web sphere

3 - Web Application Development

6.1What Can We do With Python?

1 - System programming

2 - Graphical User Interface

Programming 3 - Internet Scripting

4 - Component Integration
5 - Database Programming
6 - Gaming, Images, XML , Robot and more
6.2WHO USES PYTHON TODAY?
• Python is being applied in real revenue-generating products by real companies.
• Google makes extensive use of Python in its web search system, and employs Python’s creator.
• Intel, Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Seagate, Qualcomm, and IBM use Python for hardware testing.
• ESRI uses Python as an end-user customization tool for its popular GIS mapping products.

6.3WHY DO PEOPLE USE PYTHON?

• The YouTube video sharing service is largely written in Python.
• Python is object-oriented o Structure supports such concepts as polymorphism,
operation overloading, and multiple inheritance.
• Indentation o Indentation is one of the greatest future in Python.
• It's free (open source) o Downloading and installing Python is free and easy o
Source code is easily accessible
• It's powerful o Dynamic typing o Built-in types and tools o Library utilities
o Third party utilities (e.g. Numeric, NumPy, SciPy) o Automatic memory
management
• It's portable o Python runs virtually every major platform used today o As long
as you have a compatible Python interpreter installed, Python programs will run
in exactly the same manner, irrespective of platform.

1
 Conclusion
I believe the trial has shown conclusively that it is both possible and desirable to use Python as the principal

teaching language:

o It is Free (as in both cost and source code).

o It is trivial to install on a Windows PC allowing students to take their interest further. For
many the hurdle of installing a Pascal or C compiler on a Windows machine is either too

expensive or too complicated;

o It is a flexible tool that allows both the teaching of traditional procedural programming and
modern OOP; It can be used to teach a large number of transferable skills;

o It is a real-world programming language that can be and is used in academia and the
commercial world;

o It appears to be quicker to learn and, in combination with its many libraries, this offers the
possibility of more rapid student development allowing the course to be made more

challenging and varied; and most importantly, its clean syntax offers increased

understanding and enjoyment for students.

2
 REFERENCES

1. Python Software Foundation. (2023). Python 3.9.7 Documentation. Retrieved from

https://docs.python.org/3/
2. pandas development team. (2023). pandas 1.3.3 documentation. Retrieved from
https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/
3. Hunter, J. D. (2007). Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment. Computing in Science &
Engineering, 9(3), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55
4. University of Michigan. (n.d.). Applied Data Science with Python Specialization. Coursera.
Retrieved from https://www.coursera.org/specializations/data-science-python
5. University of Michigan. (n.d.). Introduction to Data Science in Python. edX. Retrieved from
https://www.edx.org/professional-certificate/introduction-to-data-science
6. McKinney, W. (2021). Python Data Science Handbook. O'Reilly Media. Retrieved from
https://jakevdp.github.io/PythonDataScienceHandbook/
7. Hunter, J. D., Dale, D. B., Firing, E., & Droettboom, M. (2023). Matplotlib Documentation.
Retrieved from https://matplotlib.org/stable/contents.html
8. The pandas development team. (2023). Seaborn: statistical data visualization. Retrieved
from https://seaborn.pydata.org/
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