30.12.

2002
CREALP
CENTRE DE RECHERCHE SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT ALPIN

User's Guide

Matterocking 2.0

Written by:
Michel Jaboyedoff
Quanterrraa
Quanter
Ch. de la Tour-Grise 28
1007 Lausanne
Switzerland
Tel. 079 752 35 15
E-mail: [email protected]
Table of Contents

1. Introduction 2
Installation 2

File format 3

The GRD files 3

The ASC files 4

2. The windows and their use 5

3. What does Matterocking? 7
How the DTM is used 7

Characterization of discontinuities 8

Computation of slope and slope aspect 9

Potential sliding zones 9

Average number of discontinuities counted in each topographic facet 9

Average number of wedges counted in each topographic facet 10

Average number of sectors 11

Number of discontinuities based on apparent spacing 12

Probabilities 13

Altitude difference. 13

4. The menus 14
Common File menu 14

Common Utility menu 15

File to treat window menu 15

File exports 15

Treatments default value option 16

Treatments 17

Alternate menu for edit numerical data window 18

Image view of file 19

The extract window 20

The merge function 21

Report Window 21

References 22

Index 23
M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – I N T R O D U C T I O N 2

1
Chapter

1. Introduction
The program MATTEROKING 2.0 is designed to estimate
the average number of discontinuities on digitized topographic
relief. This software is used for potential rock slope instabilities
detection.

T
heory will not be developed in detail here, it can be found elsewhere in
articles (Jaboyedoff et al., 1996; Rouiller et al., 1997; Jaboyedoff et al.,
1999, Baillifard et al., 2001).

Using digital elevation model (DTM), the program Matterocking permits to

compare structural data with topographic surface orientation in order to estimate
the average number of discontinuities intersecting a topographic relief. Locations
where rock-instabilities can occur by discontinuities or wedges that allow sliding
can be spotted. Different functions are implemented such as estimates of potential
sliding areas, surface number, and linear number of discontinuities within cell of
the DTM.

Matterocking is designed to calculate and not to generate graphic outputs.

Nevertheless, some visualization utilities exist to have a quick view of the results.
The file format are chosen in order to be used in to standard visualization program:
Surfer Golden software© and ArcView ESRI©.

Installation
The program available on the WEB (www.crealp.ch) was compiled under
Windows 98, in order to avoid problems of installation.

To install, click on install program, the installation will update or not the requested
Microsoft system files for running Visual Basic 6.0 applications, and add the
requested DLL and OCX.
M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – I N T R O D U C T I O N 3

File format
The input and output files are rectangular (only surfer files) or squared grid text
files. Two file formats are proposed:

The grid format (*.GRD), which is the standard ASCII file format of
Surfer 6.0.

The grid format (*.ASC), which corresponds to the ArcView 3.x ASCII file
import format.

A third file is proposed for export with coordinates, which can be read from excel.
The no data value of both files type can be changed. The separator for the grid files
can be either “;” or tabulators or spaces.

Two examples of DTM files are distributed with the program TOPOSW.ASC and
TOPOSW.GRD.

The GRD files

The ASCII Surfer file format contains an alphanumeric header DSAA in the first
line. The second line contains the number of columns (Nx), and the number of
lines (Ny). Note that the order of the rows of the file is inversed compared to the
screen display (Fig. 1.1).

The next three lines must contain X ,Y and Z limits (Xmin Xmax, Ymin Ymax,
Zmin Zmax) respectively. The Grid mesh size can be different in x or y direction.
The following lines are Ny rows of Nx data; the rows can be also cut in-between
data values.

The default value is the standard Surfer 6 default value 1.70141e+038. Separators
can be tabulators, spaces, comas, and semicolons. Note that surfer format does not
open a file with number of rows and columns containing a period (reel number
value).

DSAA DSAA
Nx Ny 3 3
Xmin Xmax 0 1500
Ymin Ymax 1000 2500
Zmin Zmax 136 1850
Value(1,1) Value(1,2) … 200 500 136
Value(2,1) Value(2,2) … 510 1525 1850
… … … 315 528 1243

Figure 1.1 Description of the 3.GRD file format with an example of a 3 × 3 grid file (header in bold).

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – I N T R O D U C T I O N 4

The ASC files

ncols Nx Ncols 3
nrows Ny nrows 3
xllcorner Xmin - Delta/2 xllcorner -375
yllcorner Ymin - Delta/2 yllcorner 625
cellsize Delta cellsize 750
NODATA_value Dodat NODATA_value -9999
Value(Nx,1) Value(Nx,2) … 315 528 1243
Value(Nx-1,1) Value(Nx-1,2) … 510 1525 1850
… … … 200 500 136

Figure 1.2 Description of the 3.ASC file format with an example of a 3 × 3 grid file (header in bold). Same file as
in figure 1.1, observe the inverse position of rows.

The ASCII ArcView grid file is slightly different from the Surfer one, it is
necessarily a squared grid. The headers must be displayed in lines with identifier
indicating each header value (ncols, nrows, xllcorner, yllcorner, cellsize,
NODATA_value). As in Surfer file the number of columns ncols (Nx) and rows
nrows (Ny) must be specified. The grid position is described by the lower left corner
x-y coordinates xllcorner and yllcorner and the cell size cellsize (Delta). Note that the lower
corner of the ASC file does not correspond to the lower corner of the GRD files, because the first
one uses a point as a pixel and the second uses point as mesh. Thus the ASC lower comer is
shifted by a half-cell size down and left. The no data value NODATA_value is optional
(Nodat), if it is not indicated, the default value –9999 is used by the program.

The program Matteroking reads ASC file only if each header is on its own line.

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E W I N D O W S 5

2
Chapter

2. The windows and their use

General functionalities of the program are described in this chapter.

The program Matterocking displays 5 types of windows, each one has a specific
functionality. Most of the menus are similar, except for the window of treatments
(Fig. 2.1).

The grid files can be either treated, saved in other formats, edited numerically,
viewed graphically; part of them can be extracted. The history of actions, which
have led to file saving is stored in a file REPORT.TXT.

Figure 2.1 Main window of the program, containing the five types of windows.

The windows for treatment load data from file for the numerical treatment
performed by Matterocking, and allows also to export file in other formats. It
M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E W I N D O W S 6

displays the characteristics of the grid. The specific menus of this window are the
treatment and exports.

The files can be edited and saved after modification in the numerical grid display.
The files can be viewed in a graphic display, which indicates also the characteristics
of the grids. A similar window permits to extract graphically or not a part of grid
file.

A report window contains all the actions that have led to a new file. This window
cannot be closed.

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – W H A T D O E S I T D O ? 7

3
Chapter

3. What does Matterocking?

The methods used in the program Matterocking are simply described in this
chapter.

How the DTM is used

DTM are 3D grid points of elevation values z that are distant by Dx in x direction
and Dy in y direction (Dx and Dy are necessarily equal for ASC files). A cell is
limited by four points, corresponding to a facet of topography, defined by the three
x-y-z coordinates for each point. It can be approximated by a plane (Fig 3.1). The
lines joining the middle of the opposite side of the topographic cell define this
plane.

Matterocking used mostly the orientation of the facets to calculate the number of
discontinuity by cells.

Grid nodes
Po e p
th
le lan

Simplified Topography = plane

of e

Elevation

Me
sh
Dx
Dy
sh
Me

Figure 3.1 In yellow the approximation of a facet of DTM cell using a plane.
M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – W H A T D O E S I T D O ? 8

The estimation of the orientation that is the perpendicular to the topographic cell is
estimated in the center of four points and leads to a shift of the output grid origin
from X (X + Dx/2) and Y (Y + Dy/2). This procedure has the advantage
of less smoothing slopes than the standard GIS methods, which usually use a
rectangle which contains point distant by 2 Dx and 2 Dy to estimate orientation of
the topography.

During computation the cells that contain one or more default value, is not taken
into account because the orientation cannot be computed. The grid is blanked for
such cells.

Characterization of discontinuities
Here the discontinuities are considered as planar structures with average isotropic
dimensions. This means that they can be simulated on average as discs (Fig. 3.2 a).

Matterocking compares the average geometrical characteristics of the

discontinuities with DTM, thus average orientation (direction/dip), average spacing
(L), average trace length (T) have to be defined (Fig. 3.2 b). T can be assumed as
the average section of a disc with a plane of constant orientation.

Figure 3.2 a) Illustration of the signification of the average trace length T compared to the diameter D of a disc. b)T
is the average section of the disc. The section of a discontinuity is represented by s = L × T

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – W H A T D O E S I T D O ? 9

Computation of slope and slope aspect

Using the perpendicular of the topographic facet, the slope aspect (azimuth) is
easily obtained, computing its direction in the plan x-y assuming that the normal to
the plane rising towards the sky (and not under the topography). The values range
from 0° to 360°.

The slope is simply the angle between the perpendicular to the plane with the
vertical, it ranges from 0° to 90°.

Potential sliding zones

To create rock instability by sliding, a discontinuity set must have a dip less steep
than the topographic surface. The computation is simply to calculate that the
steepest slope of the discontinuity set makes with the perpendicular to the
topographic facet a smaller angle than 90° (Fig. 3.3).

This test is performed for the entire grid leading to zones of potential sliding of
value 1 and –1 for the not sliding points (the solution with –1 was chosen instead
of no data value, because no variation occurs and thus Surfer can not contour
unique value and no data value).

Figure 3.3 (A) Example of stereonet of the possible direction of sliding (in green), taking into account the topographic
orientation (in black). (B) Illustration of the potential sliding zone in section, the apparent density depends on the angle θ
between topography and discontinuity.

Average number of discontinuities counted in

each topographic facet
Assuming a topographic surface S perpendicular to a discontinuity set, the average
number of discontinuities counted within the surface S is ns = S/(L × T), assuming
that (L × T) is the section a discontinuity. Now if the angle between discontinuities
and topographic facet is different from 90°, then the number of discontinuities is

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – W H A T D O E S I T D O ? 1 0

smaller because the apparent section is greater than (L × T), the apparent spacing
Lapp increasing to L/sin θ, where θ is the angle between the perpendiculars to the
discontinuity and the topographic surface (Fig. 3.4).

This calculation is independent from the direction of dipping of the discontinuity.

Figure 3.4 Illustration of the average section of a discontinuity cutting a topographic facet. θ is the angle the
perpendicular to the discontinuity and the topographic facet (see ’Fig 3.3). Here the discontinuity orientation does not
allow siding.

Average number of wedges counted in each

topographic facet
Wedges are defined by two discontinuity sets. Assuming a continuous network of
infinite discontinuities for the two sets spaced respectively by L1 and L2, it draws
on a surface perpendicular to the discontinuity sets a network made of
parallelepipeds. The parallelepipeds are considered as the section of the wedges.
The number of wedges in a surface S is given by nw = S / (L1 × L2 / sin α), where
is the angle between the two sets.

This value is increased if the line of intersection of the two sets is not perpendicular
to the surface of topography (Fig 3.5 and 3.6). If β is the angle between the
discontinuity intersection line and the pole of the surface of topography, the
number of apparent wedges is given by: nwapp = S × cos β / (L1 × L2 / sin α).

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – W H A T D O E S I T D O ? 1 1

Figure 3.5 Illustration of on topographic facet of the meaning of a wedges section. Here the wedge orientation does not
allow siding. Sapp corresponds to the apparent surface of the wedge on the facet of surface s.

Figure 3.6 Stereonet corresponding to a wedge sliding.

Average number of sectors

The previous methods present a difference; the number of discontinuities is
independent of the steepest slope of the discontinuities, thus it does not give any
information about the direction of potential sliding compared to the topographic
surface. On the contrary wedge is sensitive to the direction of sliding. The less
wedges occur, the less probable is an instability.

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – W H A T D O E S I T D O ? 1 2

The same principle can be used assuming that the greatest slope of a discontinuity
set is equivalent to the direction of the wedge and L × T equivalent to the section
of the wedge, leading to sectors of discontinuity potentially involved in sliding. T
can be changed to a smaller value than the trace length (Fig. 3.7). T can be chosen
as rock instability expected dimension. The scale is relative.

This procedure permits to obtain an image of the potential volume involved in

sliding.

Lap L
p
T’
Discontinuity

)
ne
pla
y(
ph
g ra
po
f to
to
ce
Fa

Figure 3.7 Using the section of a discontinuity perpendicular to the discontinuity grater slope, it can be a projection
on the topographic facet, leading to the section of the apparent section of the discontinuity.

Number of discontinuities based on apparent

spacing
The traces of discontinuity sets are parallel on a planar topographic facet. The
apparent spacing is perpendicular to the two traces. The mean number of
discontinuities can be calculated along this direction. On a facet of topography the

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – W H A T D O E S I T D O ? 1 3

maximum length l of a line parallel to the apparent spacing can be estimated. The
number of discontinuities that can be found on average is given by l/Lapp (Fig. 3.8).

Figure 3.8 l corresponds to the longer length of facet parallel to the apparent spacing Lapp.

Probabilities
Assuming random distribution of discontinuity position, it is possible to calculate
the probability P to find at least one discontinuity within a distance or a surface.
This probability is simply given by P = 1-e –N, where N is the mean number of
discontinuities found within a distance or a surface.

This method can be applied by counting on several cells the number of

discontinuity (surface). The application to each cell is not necessarily appropriate
because the size of discontinuity can lead to trivial results.

It makes sense to estimate probability of finding a discontinuity within a cell using

spacing.

Altitude difference.
Within a cell of the DTM, the maximum height of a slope can be computed by
using the maximum difference between two extreme points of the cells. This
corresponds to a rough estimate of cliff height.

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E M E N U S 1 4

4
Chapter

4. The menus

Common File menu

Figure 4.1 Menu file and window of file treatment.

Open file to treat opens and loads in memory a file to treat and activate the menu
that allows the treatments. The windows opened display the characteristics of the
file (Fig. 4.1).

Figure 4.2 View file header window.

Read header of file permits to read only the header of file, it gives the
specification of a file (Fig. 4.2). Note that for ASC, no minimum and maximum
values are displayed because they do not appear in the header.

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E M E N U S 1 5

Close window closes the active window and Quit terminates the program
Matterocking.

Common Utility menu

Figure 4.3 Common menu Utility.

This menu contains five different functionalities, which leads to the opening of
new windows or allowing the transformation of files.

The Numeric grid edition grid menu opens a file in a grid format in a new
window, containing the grid value.

The Grid image view menu opens a file and displays in a two colors gradient
image within a fixed size in a new window.

The View actions of this session menu maximizes the report window.

The Extract menu opens a window that allows extracting a part of a grid file.

The Merge menu permits to merge grids that are contiguous.

File to treat window menu

The file loaded can be exported or treated several times.

File exports
The menu Above a threshold value proposes to save a new grid file that contains
value above a threshold or cut off value chosen by the user and below which the
grid data value is set to the current default value of the file (Fig. 4.4).

The menu In an another format gives simply the possibility to save the current
file in the same or another format.

The menu Save as numeric grid with coordinates, saves the current file in a file
containing line and column headers that indicate coordinates.

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E M E N U S 1 6

Figure 4.4 Input form for the threshold value.

Treatments default value option

Figure 4.5 Different treatment menus.

The treatment is the heart of the software (Fig. 4.5). It permits to compare
topography and discontinuities geometrical characteristics.

Figure 4.6 Form input for the different default values.

The Default value option menu set the default values i.e. no data value (see file
format paragraph) of the different file format (Fig. 4.6). Changes are stored in a file
d_val.bin in the application directory. Note that the changes are effective for all
new opened files and for all next session up to the next changes. This file is
automatically created if it does not exist. The original default value can be
automatically introduced.

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E M E N U S 1 7

Treatments
All menus of treatments display a dialog box for saving the results. Depending on
the treatment a dialog box asks for the geometrical characteristics of the
discontinuity set.

The first treatment simply saves a file of Slope and Slope aspect (azimuth)
calculated from the active DTM file.

Figure 4.7 Dialog input box for the orientation value of the discontinuity set.

Potential sliding (yes/no) menu asks for an orientation of a discontinuity set. It

creates a file containing the 1 and -1 corresponding respectively to the zones where
the discontinuity can produce rockslides or not (Fig. 4.7).

Number of discontinuities (surface) menu creates a file that contains the

average number of discontinuities per unit cells of the DTM, based on average
surface of discontinuities. The azimuth, the dip, the average spacing and the trace
length of the discontinuity set must be inputted (Fig. 4.8). The computation can be
performed on the entire surface if the check box is checked or computed only
within the surface in which potential sliding exists.

Figure 4.8 Dialog input box for the computation or number of discontinuity per unit cell based on surface count. The
check box permits to compute this value on the entire surface of the DTM.

Number of discontinuities (spacing) menu creates a file that contains the

average number of discontinuities per unit cell or the probability to find at least one
discontinuity within the cell, this last option is set by checking the probability
option. The azimuth, the dip and the trace length of the discontinuity set must be
inputted (Fig. 4.9). Those values can also be computed either on the entire surface
or in the potential sliding zone (default).

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E M E N U S 1 8

Figure 4.9 Dialog input box for the computation or number of discontinuities per unit cell based on spacing count.
The check box permits to compute this value on the entire surface of the DTM, if probability is check the probability to
find at lest one discontinuity per unit cells is computed, the results range from 0 to 1.

Number of sectors (surface) menu creates a file that contains the average
number of discontinuity in the direction of its steepest slope per unit cells of the
DTM, based on average surface of section of the discontinuity set. Inputs are
identical to Number of discontinuities (surface) (Fig. 4.8).

Number of wedges menu creates a file that contains the average number of
wedges per unit cells of the DTM. The azimuths, the dips and the trace lengths of
the two discontinuity sets must be inputted (Fig. 4.10). This value can be obtained
on the entire surface by checking Compute on the entire surface.

Figure 4.10 Dialog input box for the computation or number of wedges per unit cell based on surface count. The
check box permits to compute this value on the entire surface of the DTM. Orientation and spacing must be specified for
the two sets of discontinuities.

The menu Altitude diff. simply creates a file of the greatest difference of altitude
within a cell, computed for the limiting points.

Alternate menu for edit numerical data window

The numerical data are displayed in a grid, which can be modified and saved. The
coordinates of each grid point are displayed on upper left corner of the window.
The headers of the grid correspond to the column number and the row number as
it appears on a map.

The Edit menu permits to Copy (Ctrl + C) the current selection and paste it to the
clipboard with tabulator separator, which is compatible with Excel.

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E M E N U S 1 9

In the menu file Save saves the current file with the current modifications. The
menu Save as permits to save the current state of the file as a new file in the one of
the two available formats (Fig. 4.11). As in the File to treat window the menu Save
as numeric grid with coordinates save the current file in a file containing line
and column headers that indicate coordinates.

Figure 4.11 Grid file edit window. The coordinates are displayed in the upper left corner; the input box is located on
the top of the numerical view. The file menu with its three options of file saving is also dropped down.

Image view of file

The display of a file as image, by Grid image view displays in a two colors
gradient image from red to yellow. Three supplementary menus are added. First in
the File menu a Print low quality menu is added, which performed a screen
dump of the active window. The Edit menu permits to Copy file header and its
location and performs also screen Copy of the image (Fig. 4.11).

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E M E N U S 2 0

Directory: C:\_users\VB_file\MDIPR\test\40_30_nbs_01.GRD
Grid: 40 (25) x 40 (25)
X min-max: 636012.5 - 636987.5
Y min-max: 112512.5 - 113487.5
Z min-max: .108269166391652 - 13.6680297347889

Figure 4.11 Grid file image view copied from the Matterocking. The copy of the header is displayed below.

The extract window

Figure 4.12 Extract form file window with the graphic display. The blue area corresponds to the selected area. The
coordinates are automatically updated while moving scroll bars.

This window is similar to the image view of file with a supplementary menu Save
selection which allows to save the selection made by a graphic utility and scrolls
bars (Fig. 4.12). Before opening the window the program asks if the user wants to
see data or if selection is performed without display of data (for big files).

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M A T T E R O C K I N G V 2 . 0 M A N U A L – T H E M E N U S 2 1

The merge function

Figure 4.13 Illustration of the different possibility for merging files 1 an d 2.

This menu asks for two files that have to be merged. The files have to be
contiguous exactly; it means that the adjacent columns must have the same number
of rows, and being distant from a Dx exactly. The same remark can be made for
the contiguous rows; they must contain the same number of columns and must be
distant from Dy exactly (Fig 4.13).

Report Window
The Report of the session window is always opened; it is impossible to close it (Fig.
4.14). The file menu associated with report replaces de close function with
Maximize and Minimize the report window.

The Report utility menu gives the possibility to Emptied or View the entire file
report in an independent text window to visualize and Save the total of the report
file.

Figure 4.14 Edit window of the complete report file. The sessions are indicated and the parameters used for
computation of each outputted file are also indicated.

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References

Baillifard, F., Jaboyedoff, M., Rouiller, J.-D. & Tosoni, D. 2001: Présentation des
méthodes d'études: Matterock. In Carere, K., Ratto, S. & Zanolini, F. (eds)
Programme Interreg 2c - "Falaises", Prévention des mouvements de versants
et des instabilités de falaises. Confrontation des méthodes d'études des
éboulements rocheux dans l'arc alpin, p. 70-79.

Jaboyedoff, M., Philippossian, F., Mamin, M., Marro, C. and Rouiller, J.-D., 1996.
Distribution spatiale des discontinuités dans une falaise. Rapport de travail
PNR31. VDF, Zürich, 90 pp.

Jaboyedoff, M., Baillifard, F., Marro, C., Philippossian, F. and Rouiller, J.-D., 1999.
Detection of rock instabilities: matterock methodology. In: H. Masuya and
V. Labiouse (Editors), Joint Japan-Swiss seminar on impact load by rock falls
and design of protection structures, Kanazawa, pp. 13-19.

Rouiller, J.-D., Jaboyedoff, M., Marro, C., Phlippossian, F. and Mamin, M., 1998.
Pentes intables dans le Pennique valaisan. Matterock: une méthodologie
d'auscultation des falaises et de détection des éboulements majeurs
potentiels. Rapport final du PNR31. VDF, Zürich, 239 pp.

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Index
Above a threshold value, 15 NODATA_value, 4
Alternate menu for edit numerical data window, 18 Nrows, 4
Altitude diff., 18 Number of discontinuities (spacing), 17
Altitude difference, 13 Number of discontinuities (surface), 17, 18
ASC, 3, 4, 7, 14 Number of discontinuities based on apparent
Average number of discontinuities counted in each spacing, 12
topographic facet, 9 Number of sectors (surface), 18
Average number of sectors, 11 Numeric grid edition grid, 15
Average number of wedges counted in each Nx, 3, 4
topographic facet, 10 Ny, 3, 4
Cellsize, 4 Potential sliding (yes/no), 17
Characterization of discontinuities, 8 Potential sliding zones, 9
Common File menu, 14 Probabilities, 13
Common Utility menu, 15 Read header of file, 14
Computation of slope and slope aspect, 9 Report utility, 21
Copy, 18, 19 Report Window, 21
Copy file header, 19 Save as numeric grid with coordinates, 15, 19
DSAA, 3 Save as numeric grid with coordinates Print low
DTM, 2, 7, 8, 13, 17, 18 quality, 15, 19
Dx, 7, 8, 21 Save selection, 20
Edit, 18, 19, 21 slope, 2, 9, 11, 12, 13, 18
Emptied, 21 slope aspect, 9
Extract, 15, 20 The ASC files, 4
File exports, 15 The extract window, 20
File format, 3 The GRD files, 3
File to treat window menu, 15 Treatments, 16, 17
GRD, 3, 4, 20 Treatments default value option, 16
Grid image view, 15, 19 View actions of this session, 15
How the DTM is used, 7 View the entire file report, 21
Image view of file, 19 Xllcorner, 4
In an another format, 15 Xmax, 3
Installation, 2 Xmin, 3, 4
Matterocking, i, 2, 5, 7, 8, 15, 20 Ymax, 3
Merge, 15 Ymin, 3, 4
Minimize the report window, 21 Zmax, 3
Ncols, 4

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