Dialogue is an important structural device in a story.

It helps the reader

understand relationships between characters and can also be used to
reveal important pieces of information.
1. What are the rules of setting out dialogue? Look at this example
from When the Mountains Roared by Jess Butterworth,
then
2. write a list of rules. Consider speech marks, punctuation and layout.

'What are you doing out here?' Toad barks.

'Who are you working for?' yells Garjan, his gaze wild.
'Are you taking pictures of me?'
'We are taking pictures of animals,' I say, quickly.
'I'm practising to be a wildlife photographer.

Setting out dialogue in a story involves specific rules to make it clear

and engaging for the reader. Based on the example from “When the
Mountains Roared” by Jess Butterworth, here are some rules for
formatting dialogue:

1. Enclose spoken words in single or double quotation marks, such as ‘

or “.
2. Start a new paragraph for each new speaker’s dialogue.
3. Use appropriate punctuation within the quotation marks, including
commas, question marks, exclamation marks, and periods, depending
on the structure of the sentence.
4. Use capitalization for the first word of the spoken sentence,
regardless of the dialogue tag.
5. Include a dialogue tag (e.g., Toad barks) after the spoken words to
attribute the dialogue to a specific character. Follow it with a comma.
6. Maintain consistent spacing and formatting for each character’s
dialogue to improve readability.

Here’s a list of rules using your example:

1. Enclose spoken words in single or double quotation marks.

2. Start a new paragraph for each new speaker.
3. Use appropriate punctuation within the quotation marks.
4. Capitalize the first word of the spoken sentence.
5. Include a dialogue tag with a comma.
6. Maintain consistent spacing and formatting.

Following these rules helps create clear and engaging dialogue in your
story.
Identify the past tense verbs in this passage. Then convert them into
Present tense verbs in the passage
I walked through the hills trying to find an ancient temple.
I came to a small river. On the other side stood a leopard,
Quiet and proud. I, too, stood quietly. I was amazed. I had
Never looked on such an animal before and never have since.
Our eyes locked for a second and then it vanished. I walked
On, desperate to tell my story to the next person I met.

Here are the past tense verbs in the passage and their conversion into
present tense:

Original passage:
1. walked – converted to walk
2. tried – converted to try
3. came – converted to come
4. stood – converted to stand
5. was – converted to am
6. looked – converted to look
7. have – converted to have
8. locked – converted to lock
9. vanished – converted to vanish
10. walked – converted to walk
11. met – converted to meet
Revised passage with present tense verbs:
I walk through the hills trying to find an ancient temple.
I come to a small river. On the other side stands a leopard, quiet and
proud. I, too, stand quietly. I am amazed. I have never looked on such an
animal before and never have since.
Our eyes lock for a second, and then it vanishes. I walk on, desperate to
tell my story to the next person I meet.

Certainly! Here are five exercises to convert past tense verbs into
present tense:

Exercise 1:
Original: She danced gracefully at the ballet.
Revised: She dances gracefully at the ballet.

Exercise 2:
Original: They explored the ancient ruins in Greece.
Revised: They explore the ancient ruins in Greece.

Exercise 3:
Original: He wrote a beautiful poem about the sunset.
Revised: He writes a beautiful poem about the sunset.
Exercise 4:
Original: The children played in the park all day.
Revised: The children play in the park all day.

Exercise 5:
Original: She sang a lovely song at the concert.
Revised: She sings a lovely song at the concert.

These exercises help practice converting past tense verbs to present

tense, which is a common task in writing and editing.

Certainly! Here are five exercises in passage form where you need to
convert past tense passages into present tense:

Exercise 1:
Original Passage:
She walked to the park yesterday and played on the swings for hours.
The sun was shining brightly, and the birds sang their songs.

Revised Passage:
She walks to the park today and plays on the swings for hours. The sun
is shining brightly, and the birds sing their songs.
Exercise 2:
Original Passage:
They traveled to Paris last summer and visited the Eiffel Tower. The city
of lights was as beautiful as they had imagined.

Revised Passage:
They travel to Paris this summer and visit the Eiffel Tower. The city of
lights is as beautiful as they imagine.

Exercise 3:
Original Passage:
He wrote a novel about his adventures in the jungle, and it became a
bestseller. People loved his storytelling.

Revised Passage:
He writes a novel about his adventures in the jungle, and it becomes a
bestseller. People love his storytelling.

Exercise 4:
Original Passage:
The team won the championship last year, and the fans celebrated in
the streets for days. It was a historic moment.
Revised Passage:
The team wins the championship this year, and the fans celebrate in the
streets for days. It is a historic moment.

Exercise 5:
Original Passage:
She cooked a delicious meal for her family on Thanksgiving. The aroma
filled the entire house.

Revised Passage:
She cooks a delicious meal for her family on Thanksgiving. The aroma
fills the entire house.

These exercises provide opportunities to practice converting entire

passages from past tense to present tense.

Find the figurative language in this text. Identify the examples of

Simile and metaphor

The wind was a howling monster that attacked me as I left

My house. I was late, as usual, and I ran like a cat chasing
A mouse to the bus stop. The bus came around the corner,
Shuddering like an old man against the cold, and as it did so,
I opened my wallet. My money flew away in the wind,
Spinning down the street like an out-of-control dancer.

In the given text, there are examples of simile and metaphor, which are
forms of figurative language. Here they are:

1. Simile:
- “I ran like a cat chasing a mouse to the bus stop.”
- “spinning down the street like an out-of-control dancer.”

2. Metaphor:
- “The wind was a howling monster that attacked me as I left my
house.”
- “shuddering like an old man against the cold.”

These examples illustrate the use of figurative language to enhance the

description and create vivid imagery in the text. Similes make
comparisons using “like” or “as,” while metaphors directly equate one
thing to another for symbolic or descriptive effect.

Certainly! Here are five exercises to identify examples of simile and

metaphor in passages:
Exercise 1:
Identify the figurative language in the following sentence:
“The night was as dark as coal, and the moon was a silver coin in the
sky.”

Answer:
Simile: “as dark as coal”
Metaphor: “the moon was a silver coin in the sky”

Exercise 2:
Find the figurative language in this sentence:
“The ocean waves roared like a hungry lion, crashing against the rocks.”

Answer:
Simile: “roared like a hungry lion”

Exercise 3:
Identify the figurative language in the passage:
“The city was a beehive of activity, with people buzzing around like busy
worker bees.”

Answer:
Metaphor: “the city was a beehive of activity”
Simile: “buzzing around like busy worker bees”

Exercise 4:
Locate the figurative language in the following sentence:
“Her smile was a ray of sunshine on a cloudy day, brightening
everyone’s mood.”

Answer:
Metaphor: “Her smile was a ray of sunshine”

Exercise 5:
Find the figurative language in this sentence:
“The forest was a green blanket, covering the land in a sea of leaves.”

Answer:
Metaphor: “The forest was a green blanket”

These exercises help you practice identifying similes and metaphors in

sentences and passages, improving your understanding of figurative
language.

Of course! Here are two more exercises in passage form to identify

similes and metaphors:
Exercise 1:
Read the following passage and identify the simile and metaphor:
“The thunderstorm raged like an angry beast in the night, and the
raindrops were a chorus of tiny drums on the rooftop. Lightning forked
through the sky, a fiery serpent hunting its prey.”

Exercise 2:
Find the figurative language in the following passage:
“The old lighthouse stood tall like a guardian of the coast, its beam of
light a protective arm guiding ships home. The waves were a restless
orchestra, playing a symphony of crashing and retreating.”

Feel free to identify the similes and metaphors in these passages, and
I’ll let you know if your answers are correct.

Certainly! Here are the answers for the exercises:

Exercise 1:
- Simile: “The thunderstorm raged like an angry beast in the night.”
- Metaphor: “Lightning forked through the sky, a fiery serpent hunting
its prey.”
Exercise 2:
- Metaphor: “The old lighthouse stood tall like a guardian of the coast,
its beam of light a protective arm guiding ships home.”
- Simile: “The waves were a restless orchestra, playing a symphony of
crashing and retreating.”

Great job! You correctly identified the similes and metaphors in the
passages. Keep practicing to enhance your understanding of figurative
language in writing.

Read this poem. Add full stops and commas as you

Feel appropriate. Make sure your choices keep the meaning of the
poem.

Flying
Through the air
The falcon moves gracefully riding the currents
Like a feather it glides
Coming to a rest high
Upon a cliff edge
Its journey is over
Certainly! Here’s the poem with full stops and commas added to
maintain the meaning:

Flying,
Through the air,
The falcon moves gracefully, riding the currents.
Like a feather, it glides,
Coming to a rest high,
Upon a cliff edge.
Its journey is over.

The addition of full stops and commas helps clarify the structure and
flow of the poem without changing its meaning.

Certainly! Here are five exercises where you can add full stops and
commas as needed to maintain the meaning of the text:

Exercise 1:
Original Text:
The river flows gently its waters are crystal clear
Reaching the meadow the sun shines brightly
The flowers bloom in the warm breeze
It’s a peaceful place
Exercise 2:
Original Text:
In the forest the leaves rustle the birds sing
Walking through the woods the path is winding
The squirrels play in the trees
It’s a lovely day

Exercise 3:
Original Text:
She danced with grace her movements were mesmerizing
The music played softly in the background
The audience watched in awe
It was a stunning performance

Exercise 4:
Original Text:
The old tree stands tall its branches provide shade
Children gather around it playing games
The leaves rustle in the wind
It’s a familiar sight
Exercise 5:
Original Text:
The city skyline sparkles at night the lights twinkle
Driving through the streets the traffic is busy
People rush to their destinations
It’s a vibrant city

Add full stops and commas to each exercise as needed to improve

readability without changing the meaning.

Certainly! Here are the exercises with full stops and commas added to
maintain the meaning:

Exercise 1:
The river flows gently, its waters are crystal clear.
Reaching the meadow, the sun shines brightly.
The flowers bloom in the warm breeze.
It’s a peaceful place.

Exercise 2:
In the forest, the leaves rustle, the birds sing.
Walking through the woods, the path is winding.
The squirrels play in the trees.
It’s a lovely day.

Exercise 3:
She danced with grace; her movements were mesmerizing.
The music played softly in the background.
The audience watched in awe.
It was a stunning performance.

Exercise 4:
The old tree stands tall; its branches provide shade.
Children gather around it, playing games.
The leaves rustle in the wind.
It’s a familiar sight.

Exercise 5:
The city skyline sparkles at night; the lights twinkle.
Driving through the streets, the traffic is busy.
People rush to their destinations.
It’s a vibrant city.

These corrections add appropriate full stops and commas to enhance

the readability of the text while preserving the intended meaning.
Sure, here’s an exercise where you can change simple present verbs to
simple past tense verbs in sentences that include direct speech:

Original Sentences (Simple Present):

1. She says, “I am hungry.”
2. He tells them, “You are great dancers.”
3. They ask, “Are you feeling well?”
4. I declare, “It is a beautiful day.”
5. Mary exclaims, “I am so excited!”
6. John mentions, “I am here to help.”
7. The teacher states, “You are excellent students.”
8. Susan asks, “Are you ready to go?”
9. Tom insists, “I am not afraid.”
10. Sarah whispers, “I am going to the park.”

Converted Sentences (Simple Past):

1. She said, “I was hungry.”
2. He told them, “You were great dancers.”
3. They asked, “Were you feeling well?”
4. I declared, “It was a beautiful day.”
5. Mary exclaimed, “I was so excited!”
6. John mentioned, “I was here to help.”
7. The teacher stated, “You were excellent students.”
8. Susan asked, “Were you ready to go?”
9. Tom insisted, “I was not afraid.”
10. Sarah whispered, “I went to the park.”

In this exercise, the simple present tense verbs in direct speech have
been changed to simple past tense verbs to match the past tense
context.

Rephrase these sentences to change the past tense verbs into present
participle forms.

1. He would drive me to the harshest

Extremes of training.
2. I pushed quickly past him and tried to hide behind my father’s legs.
3. I looked to Dad, but he just stared at the fireplace.

Certainly, here are all three sentences beginning with present

participles:

1. “Driving me to the harshest extremes, he would train me.”

 2. “Pushing quickly past him, I tried to hide behind my father’s legs.”

3. “Looking to Dad, he just stared at the fireplace.”

Of course! Here are five exercises where you need to rephrase

sentences by starting them with present participles:

Exercise 1:
Original Sentence: “She walked quietly through the forest and enjoyed
the tranquility.”
Rephrased: “Walking quietly through the forest, she enjoyed the
tranquility.”

Exercise 2:
Original Sentence: “He worked diligently on his project and completed it
ahead of schedule.”
Rephrased: “Working diligently on his project, he completed it ahead of
schedule.”

Exercise 3:
Original Sentence: “They talked excitedly about their upcoming vacation
and couldn’t wait to leave.”
Rephrased: “Talking excitedly about their upcoming vacation, they
couldn’t wait to leave.”

Exercise 4:
Original Sentence: “I ate a delicious meal and felt satisfied.”
Rephrased: “Eating a delicious meal, I felt satisfied.”

Exercise 5:
Original Sentence: “The children played happily in the park and laughed
a lot.”
Rephrased: “Playing happily in the park, the children laughed a lot.”

These exercises require you to rephrase the sentences by starting them

with present participles while maintaining the original meaning.

Certainly! Here are 15 more sentences for exercises in rephrasing by

starting with present participles:

1. Original Sentence: “She read a captivating book and lost track of

time.”
Rephrased: “Reading a captivating book, she lost track of time.”
 2. Original Sentence: “They swam in the crystal-clear waters and
enjoyed the sunshine.”
Rephrased: “Swimming in the crystal-clear waters, they enjoyed the
sunshine.”

3. Original Sentence: “He painted a beautiful landscape and

displayed it in the gallery.”
Rephrased: “Painting a beautiful landscape, he displayed it in the
gallery.”

4. Original Sentence: “I hiked to the mountaintop and marveled at

the breathtaking view.”
Rephrased: “Hiking to the mountaintop, I marveled at the
breathtaking view.”

5. Original Sentence: “The chef cooked a delicious meal and received

applause from the diners.”
Rephrased: “Cooking a delicious meal, the chef received applause
from the diners.”

6. Original Sentence: “They traveled to exotic places and

experienced diverse cultures.”
Rephrased: “Traveling to exotic places, they experienced diverse
cultures.”
 7. Original Sentence: “She wrote an inspiring poem and shared it
with her friends.”
Rephrased: “Writing an inspiring poem, she shared it with her
friends.”

8. Original Sentence: “He played a haunting melody on the piano

and touched people’s hearts.”
Rephrased: “Playing a haunting melody on the piano, he touched
people’s hearts.”

9. Original Sentence: “I jogged in the park and relished the fresh

morning air.”
Rephrased: “Jogging in the park, I relished the fresh morning air.”

10. Original Sentence: “The team practiced tirelessly and won

the championship.”
Rephrased: “Practicing tirelessly, the team won the championship.”

11. Original Sentence: “They laughed heartily at the comedian’s

jokes and had a great time.”
Rephrased: “Laughing heartily at the comedian’s jokes, they had a
great time.”

12. Original Sentence: “She gardened in the backyard and grew

colorful flowers.”
 Rephrased: “Gardening in the backyard, she grew colorful flowers.”

13. Original Sentence: “He danced gracefully on the stage and

wowed the audience.”
Rephrased: “Dancing gracefully on the stage, he wowed the
audience.”

14. Original Sentence: “The children sang a joyful song and

spread cheer all around.”
Rephrased: “Singing a joyful song, the children spread cheer all
around.”

15. Original Sentence: “I studied diligently for the exam and felt
well-prepared.”
Rephrased: “Studying diligently for the exam, I felt well-prepared.”

These sentences provide practice in rephrasing by beginning with

present participles.

Find synonyms.
Altercation
Cease
Circular
Incensed
Fatigued
Placid
Implement
Melancholy
Stroll
Ecstatic

Here are synonyms for the provided words:

1. Altercation: Argument, dispute, quarrel

2. Cease: Stop, end, halt
3. Circular: Round, cyclic, spherical
4. Incensed: Furious, enraged, angered
5. Fatigued: Tired, exhausted, weary
6. Placid: Calm, peaceful, serene
7. Implement: Tool, device, instrument
8. Melancholy: Sadness, sorrow, desolation
9. Stroll: Walk, amble, saunter
10. Ecstatic: Overjoyed, elated, euphoric

Certainly! Here are three exercises where you can find synonyms for the
given words:
Exercise 1:
Find synonyms for the following words:
- Clumsy
- Abandon
- Ponder
- Unique
- Vivacious

Exercise 2:
Discover synonyms for the following words:
- Precarious
- Pensive
- Terminate
- Jubilant
- Lethargic

Exercise 3:
Locate synonyms for the following words:
- Admire
- Perceive
- Persistent
- Exhilarated
- Tranquil

Feel free to find synonyms for the words in each exercise, and I’ll let you
know if your choices are correct!

Of course! Here are the synonyms for the words in each exercise:

Exercise 1:
- Clumsy: Awkward
- Abandon: Desert
- Ponder: Contemplate
- Unique: Distinct
- Vivacious: Energetic

Exercise 2:
- Precarious: Unstable
- Pensive: Thoughtful
- Terminate: End
- Jubilant: Ecstatic
- Lethargic: Tired
Exercise 3:
- Admire: Respect
- Perceive: Detect
- Persistent: Tenacious
- Exhilarated: Thrilled
- Tranquil: Serene

These are the synonyms for the words in each exercise. Well done if
your choices matched these!

Certainly! Here’s an exercise with 20 words for which you need to

choose the correct synonym out of four options provided:

1. Amicable
a) Hostile
b) Friendly
c) Puzzling
d) Spontaneous

2. Ambiguous
a) Clear
b) Uncertain
 c) Precise
d) Coherent

3. Benevolent
a) Greedy
b) Kind
c) Cruel
d) Mysterious

4. Elated
a) Depressed
b) Excited
c) Serene
d) Angry

5. Resilient
a) Fragile
b) Flexible
c) Stubborn
d) Durable

6. Incessant
 a) Periodic
b) Consistent
c) Never-ending
d) Irregular

7. Enigmatic
a) Open
b) Mysterious
c) Clear
d) Dull

8. Apathetic
a) Energetic
b) Indifferent
c) Active
d) Enthusiastic

9. Loquacious
a) Talkative
b) Silent
c) Introverted
d) Shy
10. Inevitable
a) Unavoidable
b) Surprising
c) Controllable
d) Uncertain

11. Gregarious
a) Social
b) Unsociable
c) Hostile
d) Shy

12. Zealous
a) Apathetic
b) Enthusiastic
c) Careless
d) Pessimistic

13. Magnanimous
a) Generous
b) Selfish
 c) Stingy
d) Unkind

14. Sincere
a) Fake
b) Honest
c) Insincere
d) Forthright

15. Jubilant
a) Sad
b) Joyful
c) Gloomy
d) Anxious

16. Serendipity
a) Luck
b) Misfortune
c) Coincidence
d) Intention

17. Frugal
 a) Wasteful
b) Thrifty
c) Extravagant
d) Generous

18. Pernicious
a) Harmful
b) Beneficial
c) Gentle
d) Indifferent

19. Adversity
a) Prosperity
b) Hardship
c) Comfort
d) Luxury

20. Impeccable
a) Flawless
b) Imperfect
c) Shoddy
d) Mediocre
Please select the correct synonym (a, b, c, or d) for each word.

Here are the correct synonyms for the exercise:

1. Amicable – b) Friendly
2. Ambiguous – b) Uncertain
3. Benevolent – b) Kind
4. Elated – b) Excited
5. Resilient – d) Durable
6. Incessant – c) Never-ending
7. Enigmatic – b) Mysterious
8. Apathetic – b) Indifferent
9. Loquacious – a) Talkative
10. Inevitable – a) Unavoidable
11. Gregarious – a) Social
12. Zealous – b) Enthusiastic
13. Magnanimous – a) Generous
14. Sincere – b) Honest
15. Jubilant – b) Joyful
16. Serendipity – a) Luck
17. Frugal – b) Thrifty
18. Pernicious – a) Harmful
19. Adversity – b) Hardship
20. Impeccable – a) Flawless

These are the correct synonyms for the exercise. Well done if you got
them right!

Certainly! Here’s an exercise with easy synonyms:

1. Big
a) Small
b) Large
c) Funny
d) Round

2. Fast
a) Slow
b) Quick
c) Tired
d) Happy

3. Happy
 a) Sad
b) Joyful
c) Angry
d) Excited

4. Hot
a) Cold
b) Warm
c) Cool
d) Dry

5. Bright
a) Dark
b) Shiny
c) Soft
d) Loud

6. Quiet
a) Loud
b) Noisy
c) Silent
d) Fast
7. Simple
a) Complex
b) Easy
c) Difficult
d) Short

8. Wet
a) Dry
b) Damp
c) Clean
d) Tidy

9. Old
a) New
b) Ancient
c) Modern
d) Young

10. Strong
a) Weak
b) Powerful
 c) Sturdy
d) Healthy

Please select the correct synonym (a, b, c, or d) for each word.

Certainly! Here’s an exercise with synonyms for “average”:

1. Average
a) Normal
b) Exceptional
c) Common
d) Unusual

2. Ordinary
a) Outstanding
b) Routine
c) Unique
d) Rare

3. Mediocre
a) Excellent
b) Fair
 c) Inferior
d) Superior

4. Typical
a) Atypical
b) Standard
c) Customary
d) Peculiar

5. Run-of-the-mill
a) Extraordinary
b) Usual
c) Exceptional
d) Uncommon

6. Middle-of-the-road
a) Radical
b) Moderate
c) Conservative
d) Extreme

7. Regular
 a) Irregular
b) Consistent
c) Frequent
d) Intermittent

8. Commonplace
a) Uncommon
b) Prevalent
c) Unique
d) Extraordinary

9. Standard
a) Exceptional
b) Average
c) Typical
d) Exceptional

10. So-so
a) Fantastic
b) Average
c) Excellent
d) Great
Please select the correct synonym (a, b, c, or d) for each word.

Of course! Here’s an exercise with synonyms for “average” that falls

between easy and difficult:

1. Mean
a) Excellent
b) Average
c) Uncommon
d) Extraordinary

2. Mundane
a) Unique
b) Routine
c) Common
d) Outstanding

3. Lackluster
a) Inferior
b) Superior
 c) Standard
d) Average

4. Usual
a) Exceptional
b) Atypical
c) Commonplace
d) Ordinary

5. Moderate
a) Extreme
b) Run-of-the-mill
c) Regular
d) Standard

6. Conventional
a) Unconventional
b) Average
c) Typical
d) Peculiar

7. Everyday
 a) Infrequent
b) Customary
c) Irregular
d) Average

8. Unremarkable
a) Remarkable
b) Average
c) Common
d) Exceptional

9. Standardized
a) Original
b) Mean
c) Average
d) Outstanding

10. Lackadaisical
a) Enthusiastic
b) So-so
c) Average
d) Excellent
Please select the correct synonym (a, b, c, or d) for each word. This
exercise provides a moderate level of difficulty in finding synonyms for
“average.”

Certainly! Here are the correct synonyms for the exercise:

1. Average – a) Normal
2. Ordinary – b) Routine
3. Mediocre – c) Fair
4. Typical – b) Standard
5. Run-of-the-mill – b) Usual
6. Middle-of-the-road – b) Moderate
7. Regular – b) Consistent
8. Commonplace – a) Uncommon
9. Standard – c) Typical
10. So-so – b) Average

If you have any more questions or need further assistance, please feel
free to ask!

Certainly! Here’s another exercise with synonyms, and I’ve provided the
correct answers as well:
1. Brave
a) Courageous
b) Timid
c) Fearful
d) Hesitant

2. Beautiful
a) Gorgeous
b) Ugly
c) Attractive
d) Pretty

3. Fast
a) Slow
b) Quick
c) Lethargic
d) Rapid

4. Delicious
a) Tasty
b) Bland
 c) Yummy
d) Disgusting

5. Angry
a) Furious
b) Happy
c) Annoyed
d) Joyful

6. Smart
a) Intelligent
b) Dull
c) Clever
d) Stupid

7. Small
a) Tiny
b) Huge
c) Little
d) Giant

8. Patient
 a) Tolerant
b) Impatient
c) Understanding
d) Calm

9. Loud
a) Noisy
b) Quiet
c) Silent
d) Soft

10. Sad
a) Mournful
b) Happy
c) Joyful
d) Sorrowful

Correct Answers:
1. a) Courageous
2. a) Gorgeous
3. b) Quick
4. a) Tasty
5. a) Furious
6. a) Intelligent
7. a) Tiny
8. a) Tolerant
9. a) Noisy
10. a) Mournful

I hope you find these exercises helpful for practicing synonyms!

Writers combine reporting verbs, the words characters use in their

Dialogue and the narrated text to convey information about characters.

Read the following dialogue, then describe your impression of the two
characters.

Hassan strode down the alley. ‘Hurry up!’ he barked.

‘But… started Amir.
‘But what?’ said Hassan, rolling his eyes.
‘But I’m scared,’ whispered Amir.
‘Look,’ said Hassan bluntly, ‘I’m scared
Too, but we’ve got to get there – now!’
‘Yes, but… began Amir.
‘But nothing!’ Hassan interrupted.

From the provided dialogue, it’s possible to form some initial

impressions of the two characters:

Hassan appears assertive and determined, as he is described as striding

down the alley and using commanding dialogue like “Hurry up!” and
“I’m scared too, but we’ve got to get there – now!” He comes across as
someone who takes charge in challenging situations.

Amir, on the other hand, seems to be more hesitant and fearful. He

hesitates to move forward, expresses his fear by saying, “But I’m
scared,” and uses words like “but” and “Yes, but…” which suggest a
more indecisive and cautious demeanor.

In summary, Hassan seems confident and assertive, while Amir appears

uncertain and anxious, creating a dynamic between the two characters
in this particular scenario.

Certainly! Here are five exercises where you can read a dialogue and
describe your impressions of the characters involved:

Exercise 1:
Read the following dialogue, then describe your impression of the two
characters.
John: “Let’s go for it, no matter what!”
Emily: “I’m not so sure, John.”

Exercise 2:
Read the dialogue, then describe your impression of the two characters.
Lisa: “I think we should tell the truth.”
Mike: “That could be risky, Lisa.”

Exercise 3:
Read the dialogue, then describe your impression of the two characters.
Sarah: “I can’t believe this is happening!”
David: “We’ll figure it out, Sarah.”

Exercise 4:
Read the dialogue, then describe your impression of the two characters.
Alex: “We have to take action immediately.”
Laura: “I’m feeling overwhelmed, Alex.”

Exercise 5:
Read the dialogue, then describe your impression of the two characters.
Tom: “This is our chance to make a difference.”
Rachel: “I’m not sure, Tom.”
These exercises provide opportunities to form impressions of characters
based on their dialogue and interactions.

Certainly! Here are five exercises with dialogues, and I’ve added ellipses
to the passages:

Exercise 1:
Read the following dialogue, then describe your impression of the two
characters.
John: “Let’s go for it… no matter what!”
Emily: “I’m not so sure, John…”

Exercise 2:
Read the dialogue, then describe your impression of the two characters.
Lisa: “I think we should tell the truth… but…”
Mike: “That could be risky, Lisa…”

Exercise 3:
Read the dialogue, then describe your impression of the two characters.
Sarah: “I can’t believe this is happening… but…”
David: “We’ll figure it out, Sarah…”
Exercise 4:
Read the dialogue, then describe your impression of the two characters.
Alex: “We have to take action immediately… but…”
Laura: “I’m feeling overwhelmed, Alex…”

Exercise 5:
Read the dialogue, then describe your impression of the two characters.
Tom: “This is our chance to make a difference… but…”
Rachel: “I’m not sure, Tom…”

These exercises include dialogues with ellipses, which can convey a

sense of hesitation or uncertainty in the characters’ speech. Feel free to
describe your impressions of the characters based on these
interactions.

Certainly! Here are descriptions of the characters based on the provided

dialogues with ellipses:

Exercise 1:
John appears determined and willing to take risks, as he says, “Let’s go
for it… no matter what!” Emily, on the other hand, seems cautious and
uncertain, with her response, “I’m not so sure, John…” She might be
more hesitant and analytical.
Exercise 2:
Lisa appears to value honesty and is willing to discuss it as she says, “I
think we should tell the truth… but…” Mike appears to be more
skeptical and possibly concerned about potential consequences with his
response, “That could be risky, Lisa…” His use of ellipses suggests that
he’s considering the risks involved.

Exercise 3:
Sarah seems surprised and emotional with her statement, “I can’t
believe this is happening… but…” David appears to be more composed
and confident as he responds, “We’ll figure it out, Sarah…” He seems
ready to tackle the situation.

Exercise 4:
Alex is proactive and determined to take action, as he says, “We have to
take action immediately… but…” Laura, on the other hand, seems
overwhelmed and uncertain, as indicated by her response, “I’m feeling
overwhelmed, Alex…” She might need more reassurance or a clear plan.

Exercise 5:
Tom is enthusiastic about making a difference, saying, “This is our
chance to make a difference… but…” Rachel appears hesitant and not
fully convinced, as she responds, “I’m not sure, Tom…” Her use of
ellipses indicates some doubt or reservations.
These are the descriptions of the characters based on their dialogue
and the added ellipses.

Exercise:
Read the following 70-word dialogue, then describe your impression of
the two characters.

Alice: “I think we should explore the haunted house…”

Bob: “Are you serious, Alice?”
Alice: “Absolutely, it’s an adventure waiting to happen…”
Bob: “But it’s so spooky…”
Alice: “That’s the point, Bob…”
Bob: “Well, okay, I’m intrigued…”
Alice: “Great! Let’s go tonight, it’ll be thrilling…”

Describe your impression of Alice and Bob based on this dialogue.

Based on this 70-word dialogue:

Alice comes across as adventurous and fearless, willing to explore the

haunted house even though it’s spooky. She sees it as an exciting
adventure and seems enthusiastic about the idea.
Bob, on the other hand, initially appears hesitant and cautious,
expressing concern about the spooky nature of the haunted house.
However, he becomes more open to the idea, suggesting that he might
be curious and willing to join Alice on this thrilling adventure.

Overall, Alice is daring, while Bob seems cautious but willing to step out
of his comfort zone.

Read the descriptions of two folk tales. A. Write down what features
they have in
Common.
b.the types of characters and
c. the plot.

Princess Kwan-Yin – a Chinese folk tale

A king has three daughters, but his favourite is the youngest one, Kwan-
Yin. He
Wants her to be queen when he gives up the throne. Kwan-Yin does not
want to
Be queen – she thinks it will make her unhappy. She wants to spend her
life studying and helping poor people. As the king is dying, he tells
Kwan-Yin that he has found a husband for her and she must be married
and become queen…
Comparing text

The Orphan Boy and the Mysterious Stone – a Nigerian folk tale
When his father and mother die, 10-year-old Ayong Kita becomes chief
of the tribe. However, his people do not like him, so he runs away. He
has no money
And becomes very hungry, but has a dream in which his father tells him
where to find buried treasure. He does not go because he is frightened.
He then meets
An old woman who gives him a stone from a lake. She tells him to go
and dig up
The treasure …

a. Common Features:
- Both folk tales involve young protagonists, Kwan-Yin in the Chinese
tale and Ayong Kita in the Nigerian tale.
- Both stories have elements of familial relationships. In “Princess Kwan-
Yin,” it’s about a king and his three daughters, while in “The Orphan Boy
and the Mysterious Stone,” it’s about the orphaned boy Ayong Kita.
- The stories feature a significant decision or choice that the young
protagonists have to make regarding their futures.
- There is an element of destiny or fate involved in both tales.

b. Types of Characters:
- “Princess Kwan-Yin” has characters like the king, the three daughters,
and Kwan-Yin.
- “The Orphan Boy and the Mysterious Stone” features characters such
as Ayong Kita, his parents, and the old woman who gives him the stone.

c. Plot:
- In “Princess Kwan-Yin,” the plot revolves around Kwan-Yin’s reluctance
to become queen and her desire to help the poor. The story culminates
in the king’s request for her to get married and become queen.
- In “The Orphan Boy and the Mysterious Stone,” the plot follows Ayong
Kita as he becomes chief of his tribe, faces rejection, has a dream about
buried treasure, and eventually receives a stone from an old woman,
leading to the quest for buried treasure.

While these folk tales share common elements such as young

protagonists and themes of destiny and choices, they also feature
unique cultural and contextual aspects that distinguish their plots and
characters.

Certainly! Here are 100-word descriptions for each exercise:

**Exercise 1: Comparing Fairy Tales**

**Fairy Tale 1 – “Little Red Riding Hood”**
In “Little Red Riding Hood,” a girl named Little Red Riding Hood visits
her grandmother, but she encounters a cunning wolf who disguises
himself as her grandmother. The wolf’s deceitful intentions and Little
Red Riding Hood’s innocence create tension in this classic fairy tale.

**Fairy Tale 2 – “Cinderella”**

In “Cinderella,” the story centers on a kind girl named Cinderella, who is
mistreated by her wicked stepmother and stepsisters. Her life changes
when she is magically transformed and allowed to attend the royal ball,
leading to a transformative and enchanting journey.

**Exercise 2: Mystery Stories**

**Exercise 3: Historical Fiction**

**Historical Fiction Story 1 – “The Diary of Anne Frank”**
“The Diary of Anne Frank” chronicles the life of Anne Frank, a Jewish
girl who hides with her family during World War II. Anne’s diary
captures her experiences, fears, and hopes during this dark period,
creating a poignant historical account.

**Historical Fiction Story 2 – “The Book Thief”**

“The Book Thief” unfolds in Nazi Germany, following Liesel Meminger, a
young girl who finds solace in books during tumultuous times. Her
journey is intertwined with the power of words, highlighting the
resilience of the human spirit amidst historical upheaval.
**Exercise 4: Adventure Stories**
**Adventure Story 1 – “Treasure Island”**
In “Treasure Island,” Jim Hawkins embarks on a perilous journey to
uncover hidden treasure. Along the way, he confronts pirates and
danger, including the charismatic yet treacherous Long John Silver. The
story’s high-seas adventure and treasure hunt captivate readers.

**Adventure Story 2 – “Around the World in 80 Days”**

“Around the World in 80 Days” features Phileas Fogg, who wagers that
he can circumnavigate the globe in 80 days. Fogg’s daring bet sets in
motion a thrilling adventure filled with challenges, obstacles, and
unexpected twists, making it a classic tale of exploration.

**Exercise 5: Science Fiction Stories**

**Science Fiction Story 1 – “Dune”**
“Dune” unfolds in a distant future on the desert planet Arrakis. Paul
Atreides navigates political intrigue and desert warfare, making choices
that will shape the planet’s destiny. Themes of power, environment, and
culture are central in this epic science fiction saga.

**Science Fiction Story 2 – “Ender’s Game”**

In “Ender’s Game,” Earth faces an alien invasion, and children are
trained to fight. Ender Wiggin emerges as a brilliant strategist, leading
the fight against the Formics. This story explores themes of leadership,
identity, and the consequences of war in a futuristic setting.

Certainly! Here are answers for each exercise:

**Exercise 1: Comparing Fairy Tales**

- Common Features: Both tales involve young female protagonists and
magical elements.
- Types of Characters: “Little Red Riding Hood” features a girl, her
grandmother, and a cunning wolf. “Cinderella” has a kind girl, a wicked
stepmother, and fairy godmother.
- Plot: “Little Red Riding Hood” follows a girl’s encounter with a
deceitful wolf. In “Cinderella,” a girl’s life transforms through magic to
attend a royal ball.

**Exercise 2: Mystery Stories**

- Common Features: Both tales feature amateur detectives solving
mysteries.
- Types of Characters: “Sherlock Holmes” has the detective Sherlock
Holmes and Dr. Watson. “Nancy Drew” features the teenage detective
Nancy Drew.
- Plot: In “Sherlock Holmes,” the detective solves complex mysteries. In
“Nancy Drew,” a teenage detective investigates and unravels various
mysteries.
**Exercise 3: Historical Fiction**
- Common Features: Both tales are set in historical periods and follow
young protagonists.
- Types of Characters: “The Diary of Anne Frank” features Anne Frank
and her family. “The Book Thief” follows Liesel Meminger.
- Plot: “The Diary of Anne Frank” is Anne’s diary capturing her life
during World War II. In “The Book Thief,” Liesel finds solace in books
during Nazi Germany.

**Exercise 4: Adventure Stories**

- Common Features: Both tales involve adventurous journeys and
obstacles.
- Types of Characters: “Treasure Island” includes Jim Hawkins and Long
John Silver. “Around the World in 80 Days” features Phileas Fogg.
- Plot: In “Treasure Island,” Jim searches for hidden treasure amidst
pirates. In “Around the World in 80 Days,” Phileas Fogg embarks on a
journey to circumnavigate the globe in 80 days.

**Exercise 5: Science Fiction Stories**

- Common Features: Both tales are set in futuristic worlds with unique
challenges.
- Types of Characters: “Dune” has Paul Atreides. “Ender’s Game”
features Ender Wiggin and the Formics.
- Plot: In “Dune,” Paul navigates political intrigue and desert warfare. In
“Ender’s Game,” Ender leads the fight against an alien invasion.

Certainly! Here are five exercises with descriptions of folk tales for
comparison:

**Exercise 1: Comparing Folk Tales**

Read the descriptions of two folk tales, then write down what features
they have in common, the types of characters, and the plot.

**Folk Tale 1 – “The Three Little Pigs” (English Folk Tale)**

Three little pigs build houses to protect themselves from a wolf. The
wolf tries to blow down their houses, but only one pig’s house survives.

**Folk Tale 2 – “The Tortoise and the Hare” (Aesop’s Fable)**

A fast hare challenges a slow tortoise to a race. The hare
overconfidently naps during the race, allowing the tortoise to win.

**Exercise 2: Mythical Folk Tales**

Read the descriptions of two mythical folk tales, then write down what
features they have in common, the types of characters, and the plot.
**Mythical Folk Tale 1 – “King Arthur and the Sword in the Stone”
(Arthurian Legend)**
Young Arthur pulls a sword from a stone, proving himself as the true
king of England. He embarks on epic quests with his knights of the
Round Table.

**Mythical Folk Tale 2 – “The Greek Myth of Perseus”**

Perseus, a demigod, embarks on a quest to slay the Gorgon Medusa.
With divine aid, he succeeds and faces various adventures in Greek
mythology.

**Exercise 3: Cultural Folk Tales**

Read the descriptions of two cultural folk tales from different regions,
then write down what features they have in common, the types of
characters, and the plot.

**Cultural Folk Tale 1 – “Anansi the Spider” (African Folk Tale)**

Anansi, a cunning spider, outwits various characters and creatures
through clever tricks and schemes in traditional African folklore.

**Cultural Folk Tale 2 – “Momotaro, the Peach Boy” (Japanese Folk

Tale)**
Momotaro, a boy born from a giant peach, embarks on a journey to
defeat ogres with the help of animal companions in Japanese folklore.
**Exercise 4: Moral Folk Tales**
Read the descriptions of two moral folk tales, then write down what
moral lessons they convey, the types of characters, and the plot.

**Moral Folk Tale 1 – “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” (Aesop’s Fable)**
A boy falsely cries wolf to get attention. When a real wolf appears, his
cries go unheard, teaching the lesson of honesty.

**Moral Folk Tale 2 – “The Golden Goose” (Grimm Brothers)**

A simpleton helps various characters, and as a reward, he receives a
golden goose that sticks to those who try to steal its feathers, teaching
the lesson of sharing and greed.

**Exercise 5: Regional Folk Tales**

Read the descriptions of two folk tales from different regions, then
write down the cultural elements unique to each tale, the types of
characters, and the plot.

**Regional Folk Tale 1 – “Pecos Bill” (American Tall Tale)**

Pecos Bill, a legendary cowboy, tames wild horses and shapes the
American frontier, representing the spirit of the Wild West in American
folklore.

**Regional Folk Tale 2 – “The Monkey King” (Chinese Folklore)**

Sun Wukong, the Monkey King, possesses extraordinary powers and
embarks on adventures in the classic Chinese epic “Journey to the
West.”

These exercises provide opportunities to compare and contrast various

folk tales from different cultural, mythological, and moral contexts.

Certainly! Here are the answers for each exercise:

**Exercise 1: Comparing Folk Tales**

- Common Features: Both tales have animal characters and themes of
cleverness and resourcefulness.
- Types of Characters: “The Three Little Pigs” includes three pigs and a
wolf. “The Tortoise and the Hare” features a hare and a tortoise.
- Plot: Both stories involve a challenge where the weaker character
outsmarts the stronger one.

**Exercise 2: Mythical Folk Tales**

- Common Features: Both tales involve mythical heroes embarking on
quests.
- Types of Characters: “King Arthur and the Sword in the Stone” has King
Arthur, knights, and the Lady of the Lake. “The Greek Myth of Perseus”
features Perseus, gods, and mythical creatures.
- Plot: Both stories follow the heroes as they face challenges and
embark on heroic adventures.
**Exercise 3: Cultural Folk Tales**
- Common Features: Both tales feature clever protagonists overcoming
challenges.
- Types of Characters: “Anansi the Spider” has Anansi, various animals,
and creatures. “Momotaro, the Peach Boy” includes Momotaro and
animal companions.
- Plot: Both stories revolve around the cleverness and resourcefulness
of the main character to achieve their goals.

**Exercise 4: Moral Folk Tales**

- Moral Lesson 1 (“The Boy Who Cried Wolf”): The moral lesson is about
the importance of honesty and not making false claims.
- Moral Lesson 2 (“The Golden Goose”): The moral lesson is about the
consequences of greed and the value of sharing.

**Exercise 5: Regional Folk Tales**

- Regional Folk Tale 1 (“Pecos Bill”): This American tall tale represents
the pioneering spirit of the Wild West and incorporates elements of
American frontier folklore.
- Regional Folk Tale 2 (“The Monkey King”): “The Monkey King” is a
classic character from Chinese folklore, featured in the epic “Journey to
the West,” and represents elements of Chinese mythology and legends.
These exercises highlight the unique characteristics, characters, and
cultural elements of different folk tales while also recognizing common
themes and moral lessons.

Correct the spelling mistakes underlined in this extract. Use various

strategies
To work out the correct spelling. Write the correct version above the
misspelt
Word.

Sophie woke up, opened her eyes and looked

Around. She was absolootly amazed. She looked
At the sea – a huge purple oshun stared back at
Her. Every now and again, a sea creature that
Looked like a dollfin appeared above the water.
What was this place? Before she had time to
Think, a missteerious buzzing sound rose. It
Became louder until she realised it was some
Sort of aircraft – a type of hellikopter, but unlike one she’d ever seen
before.
Sophie woke up, opened her eyes and looked
Around. She was absolutely amazed. She looked
At the sea – a huge purple ocean stared back at
Her. Every now and again, a sea creature that
Looked like a dolphin appeared above the water.
What was this place? Before she had time to
Think, a mysterious buzzing sound rose. It
Became louder until she realized it was some
Sort of aircraft – a type of helicopter, but unlike one she’d ever seen
before.

Spelling corrections have been made above the misspelled words.

Strategies used include phonetic and contextual analysis.
Certainly! Here’s a spelling correction exercise with a passage to work
on:

**Exercise: Spelling Corrections**

Correct the underlined spelling mistakes in the following passage and

write the correct version above each misspelled word.

Alice found herself in a curius place. She walked down a winding path
and noticed the most peculier creatures. There was a smilng Cheshire
Cat that disapeared and reappeared at will, and a Mad Hatter hosting a
tea party with an endless supply of tea. What kind of wonderland had
she stumbled upon?

Feel free to provide your answers or request the correct versions when
you’re ready!

Certainly! Here are the corrected spellings in the passage:

Alice found herself in a curious place. She walked down a winding path
and noticed the most peculiar creatures. There was a smiling Cheshire
Cat that disappeared and reappeared at will, and a Mad Hatter hosting
a tea party with an endless supply of tea. What kind of wonderland had
she stumbled upon?

These are the correct versions of the misspelled words.

Certainly! Here’s a similar exercise for analyzing a non-fiction text:

**Title: The Art of Bonsai**

In non-fiction texts, writers often structure their information with care.
They may gradually reveal information and have specific focuses in
different paragraphs. Read the following passage, then answer the
questions.
Bonsai, the ancient Japanese art of cultivating miniature trees, is a
fascinating practice. It requires patience and a deep understanding of
horticulture. To create a bonsai, you first need to select a suitable tree
species. This choice is vital, as different trees have distinct
characteristics. The next step is to prune and shape the tree to create a
natural, yet miniature appearance. Wiring is another technique used to
bend and style branches, and this requires meticulous care. Bonsai
enthusiasts often spend hours tending to their trees, and the end result
is a living work of art.

Now, let’s delve into the questions:

a. What is bonsai, and what does it require?

b. Why is the choice of tree species important in bonsai cultivation?
c. Name one technique used in shaping bonsai trees.
d. How would you describe the dedication of bonsai enthusiasts?

Certainly! Here are the answers to the questions:

a. Bonsai is the ancient Japanese art of cultivating miniature trees. It

requires patience and a deep understanding of horticulture.

b. The choice of tree species is important in bonsai cultivation

because different trees have distinct characteristics, and selecting
the right species is crucial to achieving the desired appearance.
 c. One technique used in shaping bonsai trees is wiring, which is
used to bend and style branches.

d. Bonsai enthusiasts are dedicated as they often spend hours

tending to their trees, and the end result is a living work of art.

Certainly! Here’s another exercise for analyzing a non-fiction text:

**Title: The Solar System**

In non-fiction texts, authors often structure their information
thoughtfully. They may present facts systematically and have different
sections focusing on specific aspects. Read the following passage, then
answer the questions.

Our solar system is a vast and intriguing place. It consists of the sun,
eight planets, and numerous smaller celestial bodies. The sun, at the
center, is a massive ball of hot gas, providing light and heat to all the
planets. The planets orbit the sun in distinct paths. Four of them,
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, are known as the inner planets.
Beyond them, the outer planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
—dwell in the far reaches of the solar system. In addition to these
major players, there are also asteroids, comets, and other objects that
inhabit the vastness of space.
Now, let’s explore the questions:

a. What are the main components of our solar system?

b. How many inner planets are there, and can you name them?
c. Which planets are considered the outer planets in our solar system?
d. Besides planets, what other celestial bodies exist in our solar system?

Certainly! Here are the answers to the questions:

a. The main components of our solar system are the sun, eight
planets, and numerous smaller celestial bodies.

b. There are four inner planets in our solar system: Mercury, Venus,
Earth, and Mars.

c. The outer planets in our solar system are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
and Neptune.

d. Besides planets, other celestial bodies that exist in our solar

system include asteroids, comets, and other objects.

Sure, here is another exercise:

**Original poem:**

> The moon is full and bright

> It shines down on the sea
> The waves crash against the shore
> And the wind whispers through the trees

**Poem with full stops and commas:**

> The moon is full and bright,

> It shines down on the sea.
> The waves crash against the shore,
> And the wind whispers through the trees.

**Explanation:**

I added a comma after the first line to create a brief pause and
emphasize the fullness and brightness of the moon. I also added
commas after the second and third lines to separate the two clauses in
each line. Finally, I added a full stop at the end of the last line to
indicate the end of the poem.
I believe that these additions make the poem more enjoyable to read
and help to convey the rhythm and flow of the poet’s language.

Can you try adding full stops and commas to the following poem?

**Original poem:**

> The river flows swiftly

> Down the mountainside
> It curves and twists
> Like a silver snake

Here is my suggested version with full stops and commas:

**The river flows swiftly,**

**Down the mountainside.**
**It curves and twists,**
**Like a silver snake.**