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Lecture 6 NestedIf&Switch

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4 views

Lecture 6 NestedIf&Switch

Uploaded by

aranya13078
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nested If/Else If/Switch Case in C

if-else statement
— else part is optional
— The else is associated with closest else-less if
— if(n>0)
Even though the else is indented with the
if(a>b) z=a; first if, by rule it will be associated with
else z=b; the nearest if
— Braces must be used to force association with the first
— if(n>0)
{
if(a>b) z=a;
}
else z=b;
Nested if
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int id; else
printf("Please enter last 3 digits of your {
id:\n"); if(id<61)
scanf("%d", &id); printf("B1\n");
printf("You are in ");
if(id%2) else
{ printf("B2\n");
if(id<60) }
printf("A1\n");
else return 0;
printf("A2\n"); }
}
Blocks of Code
— Surround the statements in a block with opening and ending curly
braces.
— One indivisible logical unit
— Can be used anywhere a single statement may
— Multiple statements
— Common programming error:
— Forgetting braces of compound statements/blocks
Blocks of Code
— if(expression) {
statement1;
statement2;
…
statementN;
}
else {
statement1;
statement2;
…
statementN;
}
— If expression is true all the statements with if will be executed
— If expression is false all the statements with else will be executed
if-else if statement
— if(expression)
statement;
else if (expression)
statement;
else if (expression)
statement;
else
statement;
if-else if statement
— Multi-way decision
— expressions are evaluated in order
— If the expression of any if is true
— the statement associated with it is executed
— Multiple statements can be associated using curly braces
— the whole chain is terminated
— If none of the expressions are true
— else part is executed
— Handles none of the above/ default case
— Optional
if-else if statement
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int num; else
scanf("%d", &num); printf("0.0");
if(num>=80) return 0;
printf("5.0\n"); }
else if(num>=75)
printf("4.75\n");
else if(num>=70)
printf("4.50\n");
Use of logical operator
#include<stdio.h>
int main( ){
char ch;
scanf("%c", &ch);
if(ch>='A' && ch<='Z')
printf("%c\n", ch+('a'-'A'));
else if(ch>='a' && ch<='z')
printf("%c\n", ch-('a'-'A'));
else
printf("Invalid\n");
return 0;
}
Short Circuit Evaluation
if(a!=0 && num/a)
{
}

— If first operand of ‘&&’ is zero, the 2nd operand is not evaluated


— If first operand of ‘||’ is nonzero, the 2nd operand is not evaluated
Conditional Expressions
— Uses ternary operator “?:”
— expression1?expression2:expression3;
— z= (a>b)? a: b; /* z=max(a,b);*/
— Can be used anywhere an expression can be
Switch Case
switch (expression) {
case constant: statements
case constant: statements
default: statements
}
— Use of break
Switch Case
switch (month) {
case 1: printf("January\n");
case 2: printf("February\n");
default: printf("Invalid\n");
}
Switch Case
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
scanf(“ %c” , &ch);
switch (i) {
case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
printf("digit\n");
break;
default: printf("non digit\n");}
return 0;
}
— Use of break
Switch Case (use of break)
int x, a, b;
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
switch (b) {
case 0:
printf("divide by zero error\n");
default: x=a/b;
}
Switch Case (use of break)
int x, a, b;
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
switch (b) {
case 0:
printf("divide by zero error\n");
break;
default: x=a/b;
}
Symbolic Constant
— A name that substitutes for a sequence of characters
— #define name replacement
— Any occurrence of name (not in quotes and not part of another name)
will be replaced by corresponding replacement
— #define PI 3.141593
— #define TRUE 1
— #define FALSE 0

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