Science, Technology, and Nation-Building Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the

Philippines PRE - COLONIAL PERIOD Pre-Spanish Philippines • Scientific knowledge is observed in the
way they plant their crops that provide them food, in taking care of animals to help them in their daily
tasks, and for food production. • Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigations, and in
developing tools that they can use in everyday life. (e.g., they developed tools for planting, hunting,
cooking, and fishing; for fighting their enemies during war. • The sophisticated designs of gold and silver
jewelries, ceramics, and metal tools proved that their technological ideas helped in the development of
different tools. • Trading with China, Indonesia, Japan and nearvy countries have influenced their lives by
providing different opportunities for cultural and technological exchange.
COLONIAL PERIOD Spanish Era • The Spaniards established schools for boys and girls and introduced the
concept of subjects ad disciplines. • School of Science and Technology - the beginning of formal science
and technology in the country. • Learning of Science in school focuses on understanding different
concepts related to human body, plants, annimals, and heavenly bodies. • Learning of Technology in
school focuses on using developing house tools used in everyday life. Spanish Era • Galleon trade -
brought additional technology an development in the Philippines. • The Philippines, being one of the
centers of global trade in Southeast Asia during that time, was considered to be one of the most
developed places in the region.
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Influences of America • Americans established the public education system, improved the engineering
works and the health conditions of the people. • They established a research university, the University of
the Philippines, and created more public hospotals than the former colonial master. • In basic education,
science education focuses on nature studies and science and sanitation, until it became a subject
formally known as "Science." POST - COLONIAL PERIOD Overseas Development Allocation (ODA) • Help
the country improve its scientific productivity and technological capability.
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Government Policies on Science and Technology • Introduce and implemented programs, projects and
policies to boost science and technology. • Goal: prepare the whole country and its people to meet the
demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science.
Kathe Atm soltone Faen, GE JU? Instructor • Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and® Astronomical
Services Administration (PAG - ASA) The National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS)
agency of the Philippines mandated to provide protection against natural calamities and to insure the
safety, well-being and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion of national progress by
undertaking scientific and technological services in meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomy and
other geophysical sciences.
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Department of Science and Technology (DOST) • Executive department of the Philippine government
responsible for the coordination of science and technology-related projects in the Philippines and to
formulate policies and projects in the fields of science and technology in support of national
development. National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) • Expertise that recommend policies
and programs that will improve the competitiveness of the Philippines in the ASEAN Region. • NRCP
clustered policies into four: 1. 2. 3. 4. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and
Governance Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics
Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Biological sciences, Agriculture and Forestry Variables in
the Development of Science and Technology Policies in the Philippines • National goals • International
treaty • Legal frameworks • Social needs, Issues, and Problems
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LOGO OF DEPS
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Famous Filipinos in the Field of Science • Ramon Cabanos Barba - for his outstanding research on tissue
culture in Philippine mangoes. • Josefino Cacas Comiso - for his works on observing the characteristics of
Antarctica by using satellite images • Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. - known internationally in the field of electrical
engineering; was elected as officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering •
Lourdes Jansuy Cruz - notable for her research on sea snail venom • Fabian Millar Dayrit - for his
research on herbal medicine Famous Filipinos in the Field of Science • Rafael Dineros Guerrero III - for
his research on tilapia culture • Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr. - for inventing the meconium drugs testing •
Lilian Formalejo Patend - for doing research on plant biotechnology • Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz - for being
an outstanding educator and graph theorist • Gregory Ligot Tangonan - for his research in the field of
communications technology Filipino Scientists who are recognized abroad fo their outstanding
contributions to science: • Caesar A. Saloma - an internationally renowned physicist • Edgardo Gomez -
famous scientist in marine science • William Padolina - chemistry and president of National Academy of
Science and Technology (NAST) - Philippines • Angel Alcala - marine science
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Facility or University supports scientific research Kache Ann Soltones Paen, GE 107 Instructor • University
of the Philippines-Los Baños = science paradise for agriculture, forestry, plant and animal science, and
veterinary science. • University of the Philippines-Visayas = national center for marine science, fisheries
and other related sciences. University of the Philippines-Manila = center of excellence and has produced
many researchers, doctors, health professionals and scientists in the area of medical and public health. •
University of the Philippines-Diliman = established national science and engineering. Factors that
influence the Development of Filipino Scientists Individual interests in Science /Family Natural
environment School science ~ Science laboratories
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Lesson 4: Science Education in the Philippines Science Education in Basic and Tertiary Education •
Science education develops a strong foundation for studying science and for considering science-related
careers in the future. • In tertiary education, science education deals with developing students'
understanding and appreciation of science ideas and scientific works. • It also focuses on the preparation
of science teachers, scientists, engineers, and other professionals in various science-related fields such as
engineering, agriculture, medicine, and health sciences. Rachel Ann Soltones Palen, GE 107 Instructor
Basic Education • Science education helps students learn important concepts and facts that are related
to everyday life. Rachel Ann Soltones Palen, GE 107 Instructor Science education according to some
authors •John Dewey (2001) - science education importance in utilizing natural environment in teaching
students. •Marx (1994) - science is going to be one of the most important school subjects in the future.
•Knight (1986) - science education provides skills and knowledge that are necessary for a person to live
in. •Tilghman (2005) - age of science develop a citizenry that will meet the goals of science in society.
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Science Schools in the Philippines • Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS) - It is a service
institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) whose mandate is to offer free
scholarship basis for secondary courses with special emphasis on subjects pertaining to the sciences. •
Special Science Elementary School (SSEs) Project - It aims to develop Filipino children equipped with
scientific and technological knowledge, skills, and values. • Quezon City Regional Science High School -
The school was a product of a dream to esablish a special science school for talented students in science
and mathematics. It envisions to serve as a venue in providing maximum opportunities for science-gifted
students to develop spirit of inquiry and creativity. Science Schools in the Philippines • Manila Science
High School - It is the first science high school in the Philippines. The organization and curriculum of the
school puts more emphasis on science and mathematics. It aims to produce scientists with scientists
with souls. • Central Visayan Institute Foundation - It is the home and pioneer of the prominent school-
based innovation known as the Dynamic Learning Program (DLP). The school takes pride in its Research
Center for Theoretical Physics (RCT), which organizes small international workshops to foster the
informal but intense exchange of ideas and perspectives on outstanding problems in physics and
mathematics.
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Lesson 5: Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines
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Indigenous science knowledge • Pawilen (2005) - developed diverse structures and contents through the
interplay between the society and the environment. rachel ann so tones talen. or ur Instucon Indigenous
Knowledge System Some examples of indigenous knowledge that are taught and practiced by the
indigenous people are: • predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in observing
animals' behavior and celestial bodies • using herbal medicine • preserving foods • classifyng plants and
animals into families and groups based on cultural properties • preserving and selecting good seeds for
planting • using indigenous technology in daily lives • building local irrigation systems • classifying
different types of soil for planting based on cultural properties • producing wines and juices from
tropical fruits • keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables in the yard Rachel Ann Soltones
Palen, GE 107 Instructor| Indigenous Science • It is part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced
by different groups of people and early civilizations. • According to Cajete, Indigenous Science includes
everything from metaphysics to philosophy and various practical technologies practiced by indigenous
peoples both past and present. • It has also developed diverse structures and contents through the
interplay between the society and environment.
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Indigenous Science • It is part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced by different groups of
people and early civilizations. • According to Cajete, Indigenous Science includes everything from
metaphysics to philosophy and various practical technologies practiced by indigenous peoples both past
and present. • It has also developed diverse structures and contents through the interplay between the
society and environment. Indigenous Science 1.) Indigenous science uses science process skills such as
obsering comparing, classifying, measuring, problem solving, inferring, communicating, and predicting.
2.) Indigenous science is guided by culture and community values such as the following: • The land is a
source of life. It is a precious gift from the creator. • The Earth is reverred as "Mother Earth." It is the
origin of their identity as people. • All living and nonliving things are interconnected and interdependent
with each other. • Human beings are stewards or trustee of the land and other natural resources. They
have a responsibility to preserve it. • Nature is a friend to human beings - it needs respect and proper
care Indigenous Science 3.) Indigenous science is composed of traditional knowledge practiced and
valued by people and communities such as ethno-biology, ethno-medicine, indigenous farming methods,
and folk astronomy. Indigenous science is important in the development of science and technology in
the Philippines.
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Indigenous Science • It is part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced by different groups of
people and early civilizations. • According to Cajete, Indigenous Science includes everything from
metaphysics to philosophy and various practical technologies practiced by indigenous peoples both past
and present. • It has also developed diverse structures and contents through the interplay between the
society and environment. Indigenous Science 1.) Indigenous science uses science process skills such as
obsering comparing, classifying, measuring, problem solving, inferring, communicating, and predicting.
2.) Indigenous science is guided by culture and community values such as the following: • The land is a
source of life. It is a precious gift from the creator. • The Earth is reverred as "Mother Earth." It is the
origin of their identity as people. • All living and nonliving things are interconnected and interdependent
with each other. • Human beings are stewards or trustee of the land and other natural resources. They
have a responsibility to preserve it. • Nature is a friend to human beings - it needs respect and proper
care Indigenous Science 3.) Indigenous science is composed of traditional knowledge practiced and
valued by people and communities such as ethno-biology, ethno-medicine, indigenous farming methods,
and folk astronomy. Indigenous science is important in the development of science and technology in
the Philippines.
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