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45 views3 pages

INDEX

it is easy.

Uploaded by

rudrapratapsingh8901
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INDEX

SR. NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.


1. Introduction to Crystallography and X-Ray Techniques 1-8
(a.) Fundamentals of Crystallography
 Importance and applications in materials science
 Historical evolution and key discoveries
(b.) Role of X-Ray Techniques
 Introduction to X-ray diffraction and its significance
 Applications in studying crystal structures and properties
2. Principles of Crystal Structures 8-15
(a.) Crystal Symmetry and Arrangements
 Symmetry operations and space groups in crystallography
 Crystal lattice, unit cell, and periodicity
(b.) Crystallographic Axes and Planes
 Miller indices and description of crystallographic planes
 Atomic arrangements along crystallographic directions
3. Basics of X-Ray Diffraction 15-23
(a.) Theory of X-Ray Diffraction
 Bragg's Law and diffraction patterns
 Scattering of X-rays by crystal lattices
(b.) Experimental X-Ray Techniques
 Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction
 X-ray sources and detectors in diffraction experiments
4. Advanced X-Ray Methods 23-31
(a.) High-Resolution X-Ray Techniques
 High-resolution X-ray diffraction and its applications
 Detailed structural analysis at atomic levels
(b.) Time-Resolved X-Ray Techniques
 Dynamics studies and time-resolved X-ray experiments
 Probing transient states and dynamic processes in crystals
5. Applications of X-Ray Crystallography 31-40
(a.) Material Characterization
 Role of X-ray crystallography in characterizing materials
 Studying phase transitions, defects, and microstructures
(b.) Biological and Chemical Applications
 Determining structures of biomolecules and complex compounds
 Contributions to pharmaceuticals and biological sciences
6. Conclusion 40-44
(a.) Summary of Key Findings
 Recapitulation of tools and methods discussed
 Significance of X-ray techniques in crystallography
(b.) Closing Remarks on X-Ray Crystallography
 Concluding thoughts on its impact and potential future
advancements
 Encouragement for continued research and exploration
REFERENCES
Books:
1. "X-Ray Crystallography" by William Clegg
2. "Introduction to Crystallography" by Donald E. Sands
3. "Elements of X-Ray Diffraction" by Bernard Cullity and S.R. Stock
4. "Crystallography and Crystal Defects" by Anthony Kelly and Kevin M. Knowles

Research Papers:
1. Warren, B. E. (1969). "X-ray diffraction." Courier Corporation.
2. Sheldrick, G. M. (2015). "Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL." Acta
Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry, 71(1), 3-8.
3. Riekel, C., & Burghammer, M. (2014). "X-ray microdiffraction in structural biology."
Crystallography Reviews, 20(3), 153-203.
4. Hendrickson, W. A. (2014). "The scientific impact of the structure of a protein."
Structure, 22(5), 590-591.

Journals:
1. Journal of Applied Crystallography
2. Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations of Crystallography
3. Journal of Chemical Crystallography
4. Crystal Growth & Design

Online Resources:
1. International Union of Crystallography (IUCr): [https://www.iucr.org/]
(https://www.iucr.org/)
2. Cambridge Structural Database (CSD): [https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/]
(https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/)
3. National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory:
[https://www.bnl.gov/nsls/] (https://www.bnl.gov/nsls/)
4. Protein Data Bank (PDB): [https://www.rcsb.org/] (https://www.rcsb.org/)
Scientific Databases:

1. Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD): [https://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/icsd.html]


(https://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/icsd.html)
2. Materials Project: [https://materialsproject.org/] (https://materialsproject.org/)
3. Crystallography Open Database (COD): [http://www.crystallography.net/]
(http://www.crystallography.net/)

These references cover theoretical foundations, experimental methodologies,


crystallographic analysis, and advancements in the field of crystallography using X-rays.

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