RRB SYLLABOUS

1.Pharmacy Subject (Professional Knowledge)

a. Pharmacology:

- General Pharmacology:

- Definition and history of pharmacology.

- Sources and nomenclature of drugs.

- Routes of drug administration and dosage forms.

- Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

- Pharmacodynamics: Receptor theory, dose-response relationship, agonists, antagonists.

- Factors modifying drug action.

- Adverse drug reactions (ADRs): Types, mechanisms, and management.

- Drug interactions: Types and clinical significance.

- Drug dependence, tolerance, and addiction.

- Clinical trials: Phases, study designs, ethics.

- Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):

- Sympathomimetic drugs (Adrenergic agonists).

- Sympatholytic drugs (Adrenergic blockers).

- Parasympathomimetic drugs (Cholinergic agonists).

- Parasympatholytic drugs (Cholinergic blockers).

- Ganglion stimulants and blockers.

-Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System (CNS):

- Sedatives and hypnotics: Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepines.

- Antipsychotics: Phenothiazines, butyrophenones, atypical antipsychotics.

- Antidepressants: SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors.

 - Antiepileptic drugs: Mechanisms and classification.

- Analgesics: Opioid and non-opioid analgesics.

- Anesthetics: General and local anesthetics.

- Antiparkinsonian drugs.

- Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System:

- Antihypertensive drugs: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics.

- Antianginal drugs: Nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers.

- Antiarrhythmic drugs: Classification, uses, and side effects.

- Drugs for heart failure: Digitalis, diuretics, vasodilators.

- Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System:

- Bronchodilators: Beta-agonists, anticholinergics, xanthine derivatives.

- Antitussives: Codeine, dextromethorphan.

- Expectorants and mucolytics.

- Antiasthmatic drugs: Anti-inflammatory agents, leukotriene antagonists.

- Drugs Acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract:

- Antacids: Systemic and non-systemic.

- Antiulcer drugs: H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors, anticholinergics.

- Laxatives and purgatives.

- Antidiarrheal agents.

- Antiemetics: Dopamine antagonists, serotonin antagonists.

- Drugs Acting on the Endocrine System:

- Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents.

- Thyroid and antithyroid drugs.

 - Corticosteroids: Classification, uses, and side effects.

- Sex hormones: Estrogens, androgens, progestins.

- Drugs affecting calcium homeostasis: Vitamin D, calcitonin, bisphosphonates.

- Chemotherapy:

- Antibiotics: Classification, mechanisms of action, resistance.

- Antiviral drugs: Mechanism of action, HIV drugs, influenza drugs.

- Antifungal drugs: Polyenes, azoles, echinocandins.

- Antimalarial drugs: Classification, prophylaxis, treatment.

- Antineoplastic agents: Mechanism, classification, side effects.

- Immunopharmacology :

- Immunosuppressants: Glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors, cytotoxic agents.

- Immunomodulators: Interferons, monoclonal antibodies.

- Vaccines: Types, schedules, and storage.

B. Pharmaceutical Chemistry:

- Inorganic Chemistry:

- Acids, bases, and buffers: pH, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

- Analytical techniques: Gravimetric analysis, titrations (acid-base, redox, complexometric).

- Inorganic pharmaceuticals: Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium compounds.

- Organic Chemistry:

- IUPAC nomenclature and stereochemistry.

- Functional groups: Alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids.

- Organic reactions: Addition, substitution, elimination, oxidation-reduction.

- Carbohydrates: Classification, properties, and reactions.

 - Lipids and proteins: Structure, functions, and synthesis.

- Medicinal Chemistry:

- Structure-activity relationships (SAR).

- Drug design: Prodrug approach, lead optimization.

- Drug metabolism: Phase I and Phase II reactions.

- Bioisosterism and its application in drug design.

C. Pharmaceutics:

- Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:

- Solid dosage forms: Tablets (types, manufacturing, evaluation), capsules (hard and soft gelatin).

- Liquid dosage forms: Solutions, emulsions, suspensions (formulation, stability).

- Semisolid dosage forms: Ointments, creams, gels (preparation, evaluation).

- Novel drug delivery systems: Controlled release, transdermal, liposomes, nanoparticles.

- Pharmaceutical Technology:

- Granulation techniques: Wet granulation, dry granulation, direct compression.

- Tablet coating: Sugar coating, film coating, enteric coating.

- Sterilization methods: Autoclaving, dry heat, filtration, gas sterilization.

- Pharmaceutical packaging: Types of packaging materials, blister packing, strip packing.

- Quality control: IP, BP, USP standards, stability testing, dissolution testing.

- Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP):

- Documentation: SOPs, batch manufacturing records, quality control checks.

- Validation: Process validation, equipment validation, cleaning validation.

D. Pharmacognosy:
- Plant-based Drugs:

- Alkaloids: Sources, extraction methods, and uses (e.g., morphine, atropine).

- Glycosides: Cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone glycosides.

- Volatile oils: Sources, methods of extraction, therapeutic uses.

- Resins and tannins: Classification, properties, and uses.

- Herbal Drug Technology:

- Methods of extraction: Maceration, percolation, soxhlet extraction.

- Standardization of herbal drugs: WHO guidelines, quality control.

- Adulteration of herbal drugs: Methods of detection.

E. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy:

- Hospital Pharmacy:

- Roles and responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist.

- Drug distribution systems: Unit dose, floor stock, centralized, decentralized systems.

- Inventory management: ABC analysis, VED analysis, EOQ.

- Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and patient counseling.

- Clinical Pharmacy:

- Rational drug therapy: Essential drug concept, fixed-dose combinations.

- Drug interactions: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions.

- Adverse drug reactions: Classification, reporting, and management.

- Patient education: Dosage adherence, lifestyle modifications.

F. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence:
- Drugs and Cosmetics Act & Rules:

- Definitions: Misbranded, adulterated, spurious drugs.

- Licensing: Retail, wholesale, and manufacturing licenses.

- Schedules (A to Y): Detailed provisions, label requirements.

- Drug regulatory authorities: CDSCO, state drug control authorities.

- Pharmacy Act, 1948:

- Structure and functions of the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI).

- Registration of pharmacists, qualifications, and responsibilities.

- Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act:

- Regulatory provisions: Licensing, storage, and sale of narcotics.

- Penalties for violations, enforcement agencies.

- Intellectual Property Rights (IPR):

- Patents: Process and product patents, patent filing, patent life.

- Trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks.

G. Biochemistry and Pathology:

- Biochemical Principles:

- Enzymes: Classification, kinetics, coenzymes, enzyme inhibitors.

- Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, gluconeogenesis.

- Lipid metabolism: Beta-oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism.

- Protein metabolism: Transamination, deamination, urea cycle.

- Nucleic acids: DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation.

- Vitamins: Classification, deficiency diseases, biochemical roles.

 - Pathophysiology:

- Common diseases: Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction.

- Inflammatory processes: Acute and chronic inflammation.

- Infection and immunity: Types of infections, immune responses, hypersensitivity.

H. Microbiology:

- Sterilization and Disinfection:

- Sterilization methods: Heat, filtration, radiation, gaseous sterilization.

- Disinfectants and antiseptics: Types, mechanisms, applications.

- Microbial Diseases:

- Bacterial diseases: Tuberculosis, typhoid, cholera.

- Viral diseases: HIV, hepatitis, influenza.

- Fungal diseases: Candidiasis, aspergillosis.

- Parasitic infections: Malaria, amoebiasis.

- Antibiotics and Resistance:

- Mechanisms of antimicrobial action.

- Mechanisms of resistance: Plasmid-mediated resistance, efflux pumps.

2. General Awareness
- Current Affairs:

- National and international events, government schemes, important appointments.

- Awards and honors, sports achievements.

- Environmental issues, sustainable development, climate change.

- General Science:
- Biology: Human body systems, genetics, plant physiology.

- Physics: Laws of motion, energy, electricity, magnetism.

- Chemistry: Atomic structure, chemical bonding, periodic table, acids and bases.

- Indian Polity:

- Indian Constitution: Features, preamble, fundamental rights, duties.

- Parliament: Structure, functioning, roles of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

- Judiciary: Structure, functions, powers, landmark judgments.

- State government structure, local self-government.

- Indian Geography:

- Physical geography: Major rivers, mountains, plains, climate.

- Economic geography: Agriculture, industries, transportation.

- Demographic trends: Population distribution, urbanization, migration.

- Indian Economy:

- Basic concepts of economics: Demand, supply, inflation, GDP.

- Economic planning in India: Five-year plans, NITI Aayog.

- Recent economic reforms: GST, financial inclusion, digital economy.

- Banking system: RBI, commercial banks, financial institutions.

- Indian History and Culture:

- Ancient Indian history: Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic age, Maurya and Gupta empires.

- Medieval Indian history: Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, regional kingdoms.

- Modern Indian history: British rule, freedom struggle, partition.

- Cultural heritage: Art, architecture, literature, festivals.

3. General Arithmetic
- Number System:

- Types of numbers: Natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational and irrational numbers.

- Divisibility rules, HCF, LCM.

- Percentages, Ratios, and Proportions:

- Percentage calculations: Increase/decrease, profit/loss.

- Ratio analysis: Compound ratio, inverse ratio.

- Proportions: Direct and inverse proportions.

- Profit, Loss, and Discounts:

- Profit and loss calculations.

- Successive discounts, mark-up, mark-down.

- Simple and Compound Interest:

- Interest calculations: Principal, rate, time.

- Compound interest: Growth calculations, half-yearly, quarterly compounding.

- Time, Speed, and Distance:

- Speed calculations, relative speed.

- Average speed, time calculations.

- Time and Work:

- Work done by multiple people, work efficiency.

- Pipes and cisterns, work and wages.

- Averages, Mixtures, and Alligation:

 - Average of numbers, weighted average.

- Mixture problems: Simple and complex mixtures.

- Data Interpretation:

- Bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts.

- Tabular data analysis.

- Mensuration:

- Perimeter, area, and volume of 2D and 3D figures.

- Surface area of cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, spheres.

4. General Intelligence and Reasoning

- Analogies (Verbal and Non-Verbal):

- Number analogies, word analogies.

- Figure analogies.

- Classification (Verbal and Non-Verbal):

- Odd one out (numbers, words, figures).

- Coding-Decoding:

- Letter and number coding.

- Symbol-based coding, matrix coding.

- Series Completion (Number, Alphabet, and Pattern):

- Number series, alphabetical series, alphanumeric series.

- Blood Relations:
 - Family tree, relationships.

- Direction-based blood relation puzzles.

- Direction Sense Test:

- Directions (clockwise, anticlockwise), distance calculations.

- Logical Venn Diagrams:

- Logical relations, set theory.

- Syllogism:

- Statements and conclusions, deductive logic.

- Puzzles (Seating Arrangements, Circular Arrangements):

- Linear seating arrangements.

- Circular arrangements (facing inward/outward).

- Data Sufficiency:

- Evaluating sufficiency of given data for problem-solving.

- Statement and Assumptions, Arguments, and Conclusions:

- Logical analysis of statements, drawing valid inferences.

- Cause and Effect Relationships:

- Identifying causes and their effects.

- Critical Reasoning and Logical Deduction:

- Analyzing logical structures, finding patterns, and solving complex problems.