www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.

com

et
i.N
la
sa
da
Pa
w.
ww

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

et
i.N
la
sa
da
Pa
w.
ww

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

HALF YEARLY EXAMINATION - 2023 - ANSWER KEY

XII STANDARD – COMMERCE – ENGLISH MEDIUM
DR.A.VENNILA
PRINCIPAL
MYDEEN MATRIC. HR.SEC. SCHOOL
Time Allowed : 3 Hours MELACAUVEY – KUMBAKONAM.

Maximum Marks : 90 CELL NO.: 8220179521

8608481579

I. Choose the most suitable from the given four alternatives and write the option code and the
corresponding answer 20 x 1 = 20
1 B Taylor 11 C Cheque

et
2 D Defining Organizational 12 A Human Resource
Objectives

i.N
3 A To Raise Funds 13 D All of the above
4 A Short Term Funds 14 B Make in India
5 C Bull 15 A Selection

la
6 B Mumbai 16 C Three Directors
7
8
D
B Social Class
sa
Apprenticeship Training 17
18 A
C Eighteen
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
9 C 15.04.1987 19 A A and R are correct and R is the correct
da
explanation for A
10 D All of the above 20 A Mental Revolution
II. Answer any seven questions. Question No.30 is compulsory. 7 x 2 = 14
Pa

21) List out the management tools.

Management Tools.
 Accounting,
w.

 Business law,
 Psychology,
 Statistics,
ww

 Econometrics,
 Data processing, etc.
22) Demat Account
 A demat account holds all the shares that are purchased in electronic or dematerialized form.
 Basically, a demat account is to shares what a bank account is to money.

23) Types of Speculators:

1) Bull
2) Bear
3) Stage
4) Lame Duck

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

24) Poaching:
 Organisations instead of training and developing their own employees, hire employees of
othercompetitive companies by paying them more both financial and non financial
benefits.
 It is also called raiding.

25) Social Marketing – Meaning:

 Social marketing is a new marketing tool. It is the systematic application of marketing philosophy
and techniques to achieve specific behavioural goals which ensure social good.
 Example:- Asking people not to smoke in public areas

et
26) Regulated Market

 These are types of markets which are organised, controlled and regulated by statutorymeasures.

i.N
 Example: Stock Exchanges of Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata etc.

27) Advantages of Globalisation

(a) Increase in foreign collaboration

la
(b) Expansion of market
(c) Technological development
(d) Reduction in brain drain
sa
28) Examples of Pure Entrepreneurs:
da
 Pure entrepreneurs are individuals who are pushed to enter into venture by psychological and
economic motives.
 Example:- Dhirubai Ambani, Jamshadji Tata, T.V. Sundaram Iyengar, Seshadriji, Birla,
Narayanamurthi, Aziz Premji and so on.
Pa

29) Whole time Director:

 A Director is one who devotes whole of his time of working hours to the company and has a
w.

significant personal interest in the company as the source of his income.

30) The word market is derived from Latin word ‘Marcatus’.

ww

PART - III
III. Answer any seven questions. Question No.40 is compulsory. 7 x 3 = 21
31) Features of MBO:
1. MBO tries to combine the long run goals of organisation with short run goals.
2. Management tries to relate the organisation goals with society goals.
3. MBO’s emphasis is not only on goals but also on effective performance.
4. A high degree of motivation and satisfaction is available to employees through MBO.

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

32) Note on Secondary Market

 The place where formerly issued securities are traded is known as Secondary Market.(Resale
Market)
 Secondary Market is the market for securities that are already issued.
 Stock Exchange is an important institution in the secondary market.
 It does not provide funding to companies

33) Types of Treasury Bills:

91 days Treasury Bills:

 Its issued at a fixed discount rate of 4 per cent as well as through auctions.

et
182 days Treasury Bills:
 The RBI holds 91 days and 182 Treasury Bills and they are issued on tap basis throughout the week.

i.N
364 days Treasury Bills:
 364 days Treasury Bills do not carry any fixed rate.
 The discount rate on these bills are quoted in auction by the participants and accepted by the
authorities.
 Such a rate is called cut off rate.

la
34) Bull and Bear Speculators:
Bull Speculators:
sa
A Bull or Tejiwala is an operator who expects a rise in prices of securities in the future.
In anticipation of prices rise he makes purchases of shares at present and other securities with
da
the intention to sell at higher prices in future.
 He is called Bull. He is an optimistic speculator
Bear Speculators:
Pa

 A Bear or Mandiwala speculator expects prices to fall in future and sells securities at present
with a view to purchase them at lower prices in future.
 He is called Bear. He is a pessimistic speculator.
w.

35) Stress Interview – Meaning:

 This type of interview is conducted to test the temperament and emotional balance of thecandidate
ww

 Interviewer deliberately creates stressful situation by directing the candidate to do irrational and
irritating activities.
 They assess the suitability of the candidate by observing the reaction and response of thecandidate
tothe stressful situations.

36) Niche marketing:

1. Niche marketing denotes a strategy of directing all marketing efforts towards one well
definedsegment of the population.
2. A niche market does not mean a small market, but it involves specific target audience
with aspecialized offering.
3. The sports channels like STAR Sports, ESPN, STAR Cricket and Fox Sports target the niche
market of sports enthusiasts.

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

37) Artificial Scarcity:

 There are certain situations where the shop-keepers put up the board ‘No Stock” in front of their
shops,even though there is plenty of stock in the store.
 In such situations consumers who are desperate to buy such goods have to pay high price
to buy those goods and thus earning more profit unconscientiously.
 Even in Cinema houses, board may hang in the main entrance ‘House Full’ while cinema tickets
will be freely available at a higher price in the black market.

38) Technological Environment:

 The development in the IT and telecommunications has created a global market.
 Technology is widely used in conducting market research for understanding the special needs of the
customer.
 Digital and social media are used as a platform for advertising and promoting the products/services.

et
39) Statutory Meeting:

i.N
 According to Companies Act, every public company, should hold a meeting of the shareholders
within6 months but not earlier than one month from the date of commencement of business of the
company.
 This is the first general meeting of the public company is called the Statutory Meeting.

la
 This meeting is conducted only once in the lifetime of the company.
 A private company or a public company having no share capital need not conduct a statutory
sa
meeting.
 The company gives the circular to shareholders before 21 days of the meeting.

40) Urban Entrepreneur is the name of an entrepreneur who starts his entrepreneurial activity in
da
urban areas like State Capital, District Headquarters, Towns, Municipalities etc.,

PART - IV
Pa

IV. Answer all questions. 7 x 5 = 35

41.a. Principles of Modern Management:
 The Father of Modern Management is Mr.Henry Fayol, and according to him there are
w.

14 majorprinciples of management.
i. Division of Work:
 According to this principle the whole work is divided into small tasks.
ww

 It leads to specialization which increases the efficiency of labour.

ii. Authority and Responsibility:
 Authority means the right of a superior to give the order to his subordinates whereas
responsibility means obligation for performance.
iii. Discipline:
 It is obedience, proper conduct in relation to others, respect of authority, etc.
 It is essential for the smooth functioning of all organizations.

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

iv. Unity of Command:

 This principle states that each subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to
one and only one superior.
 If an employee receives orders from more than one superior, it is likely to create confusion and
conflict.
v. Unity of Direction:
 All related activities should be put under one group, there should be one plan of action for
them, and they should be under the control of one manager.

[OR]
41.b. Difference between Debentures and Shares

et
BASIS FOR SHARES DEBENTURES
COMPARISON
Meaning The shares are the owned funds The debentures are the borrowed funds

i.N
of the company. of the company.
Holder The holder of shares is known The holder of debentures is known as
as shareholder. debenture holder.
Status of Holders Owners Creditors

la
Form of Return Shareholders get thedividend. Debenture holders get the interest.

Payment of Dividend can be paid to

sa Interest can be paid to debenture
return shareholders only out ofprofits. holders even if there is no profit.

Security for No Yes

payment
da

42.a. Problems faced by Women Entrepreneurs

Pa

1. Problem of Finance:
 The access of women to external sources of funds is limited as they do not generally ownproperties
in their own name.
 Because of the limited funds, women entrepreneurs are not able to effectively and efficiently run
w.

and expand their business.

2. Limited Mobility:
 Indian women cannot afford to shed their household responsibilities towards their family evenafter
ww

they plunge into the venture started by them.

 This restricts the mobility of women entrepreneur significantly.
3. Lack of Education
 Illiterate and semi-literate women entrepreneurs encounter a lot of challenges in their
entrepreneurial journey with respect to maintaining accounts, understanding money matters,
day-to-day operations of the company, etc.,
 This reduces the efficiency of operating the business successfully.

4. Stiff Competition
 Women entrepreneurs have to face serious competition for their goods from organised sectorand
from their male counterparts.
 Since they are not able to spend freely due to financial restrictions, they are not able to compete
effectively and efficiently in the market.

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

5. Lack of Information
 Women entrepreneurs are reported not to be generally aware of subsidies and incentives
available for them due to their poor literacy levels or due to their pre occupation with household
responsibilities.

[OR]
42.b. Types of Financial Markets:

Financial Markets can be classified in different ways. They are as follows:

a. On the Basis of Type of Financial Claim

(i) Debt Market is the financial market for trading in Debt Instrument (i.e. Government Bonds
or Securities, Corporate Debentures or Bonds)

et
(ii) Equity Market is the financial market for trading in Equity Shares of Companies.

i.N
b. On the Basis of Maturity of Financial Claim
(i) Money Market is the market for short term financial claim (usually one year or less)
E.g. Treasury Bills, Commercial Paper, Certificates of Deposit

la
(ii) Capital Market is the market for long term financial claim more than a year E.g. Shares,
Debentures
sa
c. On the Basis of Time of Issue of Financial Claim
(i) Primary Market is a term used to include all the institutions that are involved in the sale of
securities for the first time by the issuers (companies). Here the money from investors goes
da
directly to the issuers.
(ii) Secondary Market is the market for securities that are already issued. Stock Exchange is an
important institution in the secondary market.
Pa

d. On the Basis of Timing of Delivery of Financial Claim

(i) Cash/Spot Market is a market where the delivery of the financial instrument and payment of
cash occurs immediately. i.e. settlement is completed immediately.
w.

(ii) Forward or Futures Market is a market where the delivery of asset and payment of cash
takes place at a pre-determined time frame in future.
ww

e. On the Basis of the Organizational Structure of the Financial Market

(i) Exchange Traded Market is a centralized organization (stock exchange) with standardized
procedures.
(ii) Over–the–Counter Market is a decentralized market (outside the stock exchange) with customized
procedures.

43.a. Functions of SEBI: (any 5)

1) Safeguarding the interests of investors by means of adequate education and guidance.
2) Regulating and controlling the business on stock markets.
3) Barring insider trading in securities.
4) Prohibiting deceptive and unfair methods used by financial intermediaries operating in
securities markets.

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

5) Registering and controlling the functioning of stock brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer
agents, bankers
6) SEBI regulates mergers and acquisitions as a way to protect the interest of investors.
7) Promoting self-regulatory organization of intermediaries.
8) It has extensive legal powers.
9) Carrying out steps in order to develop the capital markets by having an accommodating
approach.
10) Provide appropriate training to financial intermediaries.

[OR]

43.b. Methods of Training:

et
(I) On the Job Training:
 On the job training refers to the training which is given to the employee at the work place

i.N
by hisimmediate supervisor.
i) Coaching Method:
 The superior teaches or guides the new employee about the knowledge and skills
relevantto agiven job.

la
 The superior should point out mistakes committed by the new worker and also advise
theremedialmeasures, to trainees.
ii) Mentoring method:
sa
 Mentoring is the process of sharing knowledge and experience of an employee.
 Mentoring is always done by senior person; it is also one-to-one interaction, like coaching.
 The focus in this training is on the development of attitude of trainees.
da
iii) Job Rotation Method:
 Under this method a trainee is periodically shifted from one work to another work
and fromone department / division to another department / division for a particular
Pa

period of time.
 The main aim of job rotation is to expose the employee to various inter related jobs

(II) Off the Job Training

w.

 Off the job training is the training method where in the workers/employees learn the
job roleaway from the actual work floor.
i) Lecture Method:
ww

 Under this method trainees are educated about concepts, theories, principles
andapplication ofknowledge in any particular area.
 Trainer may be generally drawn from Colleges, Universities, Consultancies, etc.,
 They impart training effectively by their oratorical skill, knowledge and practical
knowledgeusingaudio visual tools.
ii) Group Discussion Method:
 Participants are divided into various groups; they were provided a particular issue
fordeliberation.
 Each group has to prepare solution after deep discussion with their group members.
 The group leader has to present the solution to the audience, which will be discussed
ordeliberatedby other groups.
iii) Case Study Method
 Trainees are described a situations which stimulate their interest to find solution.

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

 They have to use their theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge to find
solution to theproblem presented.
 There is no single solution to the problem, It may vary depending upon view points oftrainees.

44.a. Features of Cheque (any 5)

(i) Unconditional Orders:
 The instrument must contain an order to pay money. It is not necessary that the word ‘order’
or its equivalent must be used to make the document a cheque.

(ii) Drawn on a Specified Banker Only:

 The cheque is always drawn on a specified banker. The customer of a banker can draw the

et
cheque only on the particular branch of the bank where he has an account.

(iii) A Certain Sum of Money Only:

i.N
 The order must be for payment of only money. If the banker is asked to deliver securities, the
document cannot be called a cheque.

la
(iv) Payee to be Certain:
 The cheque must be made payable to a certain person or to the order of a certain person or
to the bearer of the instrument.
sa
(v) Signed by the Drawer:
 The cheque is to be signed by the drawer.
da
 Further, it should tally with specimen signature furnished to the bank at the time of opening
the account.
[OR]
Pa

44.b. Components of Marketing mix

i. Product
w.

 Product is the main element of marketing.

 Without a product, there can be no marketing.
 “A product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use orconsumption
ww

that might satisfy a want or a need’’ -Philip Kotler.

ii. Price
 Price is the value of a product expressed in monetary terms.
 It is the amount charged for the product.
 Price is the amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that
consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service”- Philip Kotler

iii. Place (Physical Distribution)

 The fourth element of product mix, namely place or physical distribution facilitates the movement
of products from the place of manufacture to the place of consumption at the right time.

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

iv. Promotion
 An excellent product with competitive price cannot achieve a desired success and acceptance in
market, unless and until its special features and benefits are conveyed effectively to the potential
consumers

45.a. Consumers are Exploited:

1. Selling at Higher Price
 The price charged by the seller for a product service may not be matching with the quality but
attimes it is more than the fair price.
2. Adulteration
 It refers to mixing or substituting undesirable material in food. This causes heavy loss to the
consumers.

et
 This will lead to monitory loss and spoil the health.
3. Duplicate or Spurious goods
 Duplicates are available in plenty in the market for every original and genuine parts or

i.N
components like automobile spare parts, blades, pens, watches, radios, medicines, jewellery,
clothes and even for currency notes.
4. Sub-standard

la
 On opening a packet or sealed container one may find the content to be of poor quality.
 A consumer finds it difficult to exchange the defective one for good one.
 Some seller give bills which contain a stipulation that goods sold cannot be taken back.
sa
5. Warranty and Services
 Warranty service may not be extended to many parts/components of the product sold.
 Thus consumers may be charged exorbitant charges in the name of repair costs.
da

[OR]

45.b. Micro environmental factors of business.

Pa

This refers to those factors which are in the immediate environment of a business affecting its
performance. These include the following:
i) Suppliers:
 In any organisation the suppliers of raw materials and other inputs play a very vital role.
w.

 Organisations have realised the importance of nurturing and maintaining good relationship
with the suppliers.
ww

ii) Customers:
 The aim of any business is to satisfy the needs of its customers. The customer is the king
business.
 Customer relationship management aims at creating and sustaining cordial relations with
customers.

iii) Competitors:
 All organisations face competition at all levels local, national and global.
 Competitors may be for the same product or for similar products.

iv) Marketing Channel members:

 The marketing inter-mediaries serve as a connecting link between the business and its
customers.
 Market research agencies help the firm to understand the needs of the customers

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

v) Public:
 This refers to any group like media group, citizen action group and local public which has an
impact on the business.
 The public group has the ability to make or mar a business. Many companies had to face
closure due to actions by local public.

46.a. Difference between the Money Market and Capital Market.

Basis Money Market Capital Market

Risk Low credit and market risk. High credit and market risk

Liquidity High liquidity in Money Market Low liquidity in Capital Market

et
Price No price discovery mechanism and exists Price discovery mechanism exists in

i.N
Discovery in this Market. Capital Market

Regulator Central Bank is the Regulator of Money Besides Central Bank, Special
Market. regulatory authority like SEBI, etc.,

la
Underwriting Underwriting is not a primary function.
sa It is a primary function.

[OR]
da
46. b. Different types of Company Meetings:

I. Shareholders Meetings:
Pa

 The meeting held with the shareholders of the company is called shareholders meeting.

a) Statutory Meeting
 According to Companies Act, every public company, should hold a meeting of the
w.

shareholders within 6 months but not earlier than one month from the date of
commencement of business of the company.
 This is the first general meeting of the public company is called the Statutory Meeting.
ww

 This meeting is conducted only once in the lifetime of the company.

 The company gives the circular to shareholders before 21 days of the meeting.

b) Annual General Meeting [AGM]

 Every year a meeting is held to transact the ordinary business of the company. Such meeting is
called Annual General Meeting of the company (AGM).
 Company is bound to invite the first general meeting within eighteen months from the date
of itsregistration. Then the general meeting will be held once in every year.
c) Extra-Ordinary General Meeting
 All other general meetings other than statutory and annual general meetings are called
extraordinary general meetings.
 If any meeting conducted in between two annual general meeting to deal with some urgent or
special or extraordinary nature of business is called as extra-ordinary general meetings.

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]

 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

II. Meeting of the Board of Directors

a) Board Meetings
 Meetings of directors are called Board Meetings. Meetings of the directors provide a
platform todiscuss the business and take formal decisions.
 First meeting of directors should be organized within 30 (Thirty) days from the
date ofincorporation of the company.
b) Committee Meetings
 Every listed company and every other public company having paid up share capital of Rs.10 crore
is required to have audit committee. This committee should meet at least four times in a year.
 In case of other companies, the board of directors shall nominate a director to play the role of
audit committee which is functioning as a vigil mechanism.
III. Special Meeting

et
a) Class Meeting (Meetings of Particular Share or Debenture Holders)
 Meetings, which are held by a particular class of share or debenture holders e.g.
preferenceshareholders or debenture holders is known as class meeting.

i.N
b) Meetings of the Creditors
 Strictly speaking, these are not meetings of a company. Unlike the meetings of a company,
there arise situation in which a company may wish to arrive at a compromises with the
creditors to avoidany crisis or to introduce any new proposals.

la
47.a Qualification of Directors
sa
 As regards to the qualification of directors, there is no direct provision in the
Companies Act,2013.
 In general, a director shall possess appropriate skills, experience and knowledge in one
da
or morefields of finance, law, management, sales, marketing, administration, research,
corporate governance, technical operations or other disciplines related to the company’s
business.
 According to the different provisions relating to the directors; the following qualifications
Pa

may bementioned:
1. A director must be a person of sound mind.
2. A director must hold share qualification, if the article of association provides such.
3. A director must be an individual.
w.

4. A director should be a solvent person.

5. A director should not be convicted by the Court for any offence, etc.
ww

[OR]

47.b. Responsibilities of Consumers:

1) The consumer must pay the price of the goods according to the terms and conditions of the
salescontract.
2) The consumer has got a responsibility to apply to the seller for the delivery of the
goods. He/she has to take delivery of the goods in time.
3) The consumer has to assiduously follow and keenly observe the instructions and precautions while
using the products.
4) The consumer must get cash receipt as a proof of goods purchased from the seller.
5) The consumer should never compromise on the quality of goods.

********** All the best Children *************

Kindly send me your answer keys to us - [email protected]