Scribd
Upload
22 views2 pages

Fluids

Reviewer

Uploaded by

heartlessaya7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views2 pages

Fluids

Reviewer

Uploaded by

heartlessaya7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Unit 1

Fluid – a subtance that deforms continuously under the application of shear stress no matter how small the
shear stress may be.

Mechanics - is the oldest physical science that deals with both stationary and moving bodies under the

influence of forces.

Statics – branch of mechanics that deals with bodies at rest

Dynamics – deals bodies in motion

fluid mechanics - defined as the science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest (fluid statics) or in

motion (fluid dynamics),and the interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries.

FLUID MECHANIC CATEGORIES

Hydrodynamics - the study of the motion of fluids that are practically incompressible (such as liquids,

especially water, and gases at low speeds).

Subcategory of hydrodynamics

Hydraulics - which deals with liquid flows in pipes and open channels.  Gas dynamics deals with the flow of

fluids that undergo significant density changes, such as the flow of gases through nozzles at high speeds. 

Aerodynamics - deals with the flow of gases (especially air) over bodies such as aircraft, rockets, and

automobiles at high or low speeds.

Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology deal with naturally occurring flows.

Stress – force per unit area and is determined by dividing the force by the area upon which it acts.

Normal stress – nomal component of the force acting on a surface per unit area

Shear stress – tangential component of a force acting on a surface per unit area

Pressure – is called as the normal stress in a fluid at rest

Gas – the vapor phase of a subtance

Vapor – usually implies a gas that is not far from s state of condensation

CLASSIFICATION OF FLUID FLOWS

Viscosity - which is a measure of internal stickiness of the fluid. When two fluid layers move

relative to each other, a friction force develops between them and the slower layer tries to slow

down the faster layer.

Viscous flows - flows in which the frictional effects are significant.

Inviscid flow regions - regions (typically regions not close to solid surfaces) where viscous

forces are negligibly small compared to inertial or pressure forces. Neglecting the viscous terms

in such greatly simplifies the analysis without much loss in accuracy.

External flow - the flow of an unbounded fluid over a surface such as a plate, a wire, or a pipe.

The viscous effects are limited to boundary layers near solid surfaces and to wake regions

downstream of bodies.

Internal flow – is the flow in a pipe or duct if the fluid is completely bounded by solid surfaces.

Open-channel flow – is the flow of liquids in a duct if the duct is only partially filled with the liquid

and there is a free surface.


Incompressibility – approximation and a flow is said to incompressible if the density remains nearly constant
throughout.

 sonic when Ma = 1

 subsonic when Ma < 1

 supersonic when Ma > 1  hypersonic when Ma >> 1.

Laminar flow - the highly ordered fluid motion characterized by smooth layers of fluid. The word

laminar comes from the movement of adjacent fluid particles together in “laminates. ”The flow of

high viscosity fluids such as oils at low velocities is typically laminar.

Turbulent flow - the highly disordered fluid motion that typically occurs at high velocities and is

characterized by velocity fluctuations. The flow of low-viscosity fluids such as air at high velocities

is typically turbulent. The flow regime greatly influences the required power for pumping.

Transitional flow - a flow that alternates between being laminar and turbulent.

You might also like