Value and Amount of Importing: Vietnam Becomes One of The World Leaders in Apple Imports

1.1.1.
Value and amount of importing
In 2020, Vietnam became one of the world leaders in apple imports (Vietnam Becomes One
of the World Leaders in Apple Imports, 2021). According to EastFruit (2021), in Total, the
amount of apple imports to Vietnam has increased more than seven times in the last five years.
Vietnam now ranks fifth in the world in terms of apple imports.
In 2018 and 2019, the US ranked first among the markets that Vietnam imported the most
apples with the proportion of 42,5% and 42,2%. However, the import of apples from the US
market experienced a dip in 2020 with the rate accounting for 34,1% of the apples’ import
turnover of the whole country. This made the US fall to second place in providing markets for
fresh apples imported by Vietnam when Vietnam's apple import turnover reached more than
139 million USD in 2020. (chèn biểu đồ đường)
Import turnover of US apples into the Vietnamese market changed considerably in the past
three year. When the market was stable and the epidemic had not appeared yet, the import of
US apples in 2019 rose sharply by 48.8% compared to 2018, from $35,603 million up to
$52,076 million. However, the year of 2020 experienced a dramatic decrease in both value and
volume of imported apples from the US when the total import value reached $47,467 million,
decreasing slightly by 10.4% compared to 2019 ($52,076) and quantity declining from 54,016
tons (2019) to 41,727 tons (2020), down 22,8%. The reason is that the supply of imported fruits
was interrupted due to the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic (Nam Binh, 2021).
Existing and potential trade between Viet Nam and United States of America
Product: Fresh apples
Sources: ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics.
Fresh Unit Viet Nam's imports from United Viet Nam's imports from
apples States of America world
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
Value US Dollar 35,603 52,976 47,467 83,712 125,445 139,119

thousand
Quantity Tons 28,207 54,016 41,727 66,323 127,909 122,296

1.1.2. Imports structure
In the United States, as many as 2,500 varieties of apples are grown, but only the 100 best
varieties are brought to market. American apples conquer most of the world's consumers,
including Vietnam. Imported American apples are one of the most high-class imported fruit lines.
There are 5 types of US apples that are popular with consumers in the Vietnam market
(American Apples Are Popular in Vietnam, n.d.):
 Red Delicious apple: The Red Delicious apple was first discovered in 1880 and widely
promoted in 1914. A century later, the Red Delicious has become a symbol of
Washington agriculture, reaching 3/4 of the state's apple quantity. The season of Red
Delicious begins from September to October every year. With advanced CA preservation
technology, keeping apples fresh for many months, Red Delicious is sold all year round
(American Red Delicious Apples, n.d.).
 Envy apple: The Envy apples were crossed between Royal Gala apples and Braeburns
in New Zealand in 2008 and introduced to the US in 2009. In the US, Envy apples are
grown mainly in Washington state (American Envy Apple, n.d.).
 Ambrosia apple: This apple variety ripens from October depending on the growing area.
Currently, Ambrosia apples are grown in North America, Europe, Chile, and New
Zealand…(American Ambrosia Apple, n.d.).
 Gala apple: There are two main types of Gala apples: Royal Gala and Pale Gala. Gala
apples originated in New Zealand and were introduced to the US in 1965. Gala apples
begin to be harvested in mid-August and last until early September. They are sold on the
market from September to May next year (American Gala Apples, n.d.).
 Fuji Apple: The Fuji apple is a cross between two US apple varieties - Red Delicious and
Virginia Ralls Genet at the Tohoku research station, Fujisaki town, Japan. “Fuji” was
named after this town. It was introduced to the United States in 1980 and became
popular in 2003. Fuji apples are grown in Washington, Michigan, New York and
California. Fuji is harvested in October and sold on the market from October to August of
the following year (American Fuji Apple, n.d.).
1.2.1. Strengths
Nowadays, the distribution system of imported American apples is diverse. However, the same
commodity is US apples, but each place sells it at different prices. Consumers are afraid to
purchase because US apples are pretty expensive compared to their family income. However,
at huge supermarket systems such as Vinmart and BigC, the price of apples imported from the
US is listed. Bao Phuong (2017) claims that at the BigC supermarket system, US Gala apples
are only 59,900 VND/kg. Similarly, the Vinmart supermarket system lists the price of US green
apples at 73,000 VND/kg (Ibid.). According to the representative of BigC, instead of importing
through intermediaries, BigC has imported some fruits directly, which reduces costs significantly
(Nam Hoang, 2017). As a result, the price of some imported fruits, including US apples, is more
reasonable than before.
In addition to directly importing US apples, some supermarkets also apply many discount
programs to stimulate consumers. Also, apples are seasonal, but this price is stable throughout
the year so that all consumers have the opportunity to enjoy imported US apples at an
affordable price.

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1.1.1.

Value and amount of importing

Product: Fresh apples

Sources: ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics.

2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020

Value US Dollar 35,603 52,976 47,467 83,712 125,445 139,119

Quantity Tons 28,207 54,016 41,727 66,323 127,909 122,296

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