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23 views2 pages

58 Ea 3

Uploaded by

Ayushmaan Goel
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NOIDA

CLASS X RESOURCE SHEET – 3 (2024-25)


CH. SPHERICAL LENSES.

Spherical Lens: A transparent material bound by two surfaces, of which one or both surfaces are spherical,
forms a lens. Lenses which focus light rays to a single point are called converging or concave lenses. Other
lenses which spread out the light rays so that it looks like they all come from the same point are called
diverging or convex lenses.
TERMS RELATED TO SPHERICAL LENS

Principal Axis: an imaginary straight line passing through the two centres of the curvature of a lens is called
its principal axis.
Optical Centre - The central point of lens is its optical centre (O). A ray of light, when passes through 'O' it
remains undeviated i.e. it goes straight.

Centre of Curvature: A lens has two spherical surfaces. Each of these surfaces forms a part
of a sphere. The centres of these spheres are called centres of curvature of the lens. The
centre of curvature of a lens is usually represented by the letter C. Since there are two
centre’s of curvature, we write them as C1 and C2.

Aperture: The effective diameter of the circular outline of a spherical lens is called its aperture. Lenses
whose aperture is much less than its radius of curvature are called thin lenses with small aperture.

Focus: The focus or focal point of the lens is the position on the principal axis where all light rays that run
parallel to the principal axis through the lens converge (come together) at a point or appear to diverge
from a point. Since light can pass through the lens either from right to left or left to right, there is a focal
point on each side of the lens (F1 and F2), at the same distance from the optical centre in each direction.
Focus in convex lens:

Focus in concave lens:


Focal Length: The focal length (f) is the distance between the optical centre and the focal point.

SIGN CONVENTION FOR SPHERICAL LENSES

Points to be remembered
 If the magnification ‘m’ has a positive value, the image is virtual and erect. And if
the magnification ‘m’ has a negative value, the image will real and inverted.
 A convex lens can form virtual images as well as real images, therefore, the
magnification produced by a convex lens can be either positive or negative.
 A convex can form images which are smaller than the object, equal to the object
or bigger than the object, therefore magnification ‘m’ produced by a convex lens
can be less than 1, equal to 1 or more than 1.
 A concave lens, however, forms only virtual images, so the magnification
produced by a concave lens is always positive.
 A concave lens forms image which is always smaller than the object, so the
magnification ‘m’ produced by a concave lens is always less than 1.

Power of a lens The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length. It is represented by
the letter P. The power P of a lens of focal length f is given by
P = 1 = 100
f(m) f(cm)
The SI unit of power of a lens is ‘dioptre’ (D). If f is expressed in metres, then, power is expressed in
dioptres. Thus, 1 dioptre is the power of a lens whose focal length is 1 metre. 1D = 1m –1. The power
of a convex lens is positive and that of a concave lens is negative.

Optical instruments use combination of lenses to increase the magnification and sharpness of the
image. The net power (P) of the lenses in combination is given by the algebraic sum of the individual
powers P1, P2, P3, … as P = P1 + P2 + P3 +…

Combination of power is used in designing of lenses of camera, microscopes and


telescopes.
NOTE:
1. Power of a lens is it’s degree of convergence or divergence of light rays.
2. Convex lens of short focal length causes higher convergence.
3. Concave lens of short focal length causes higher divergence.

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