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Analysis of Structures Methods of Joints

Analysis of structure statistic and dynamics sample problem

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26 views18 pages

Analysis of Structures Methods of Joints

Analysis of structure statistic and dynamics sample problem

Uploaded by

adrianeespino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY


Isulan, Sultan Kudarat
College of Engineering
First Semester S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the section, students should be able to:

• Define an ideal truss, and consider the attributes of simple


trusses

• Analyze trusses by the method of joints

• Analyze trusses by the method of sections


In the preceding topics, we studied the equilibrium of a single
rigid body, where all forces involved were external to the rigid.
We now consider the equilibrium of structures made of several
connected parts. This situation calls for determining not only
the external forces acting on the structures, but also the forces
that hold together the various parts of structures. From the
point of view of the structure as a whole, these forces are
internal forces.
These representation agree with Newton’s third law, which states that

The forces of action and reaction between two bodies in contact have
the same magnitude, same line of action, and in opposite sense.
The truss is a structure composed of slender members
joined together at their end points. The members commonly
used in construction consist of wooden struts or metal bars. In
particular, planar trusses lie in a single plane and are often used
to support roofs and bridges.

In general, the members of a truss can support little


lateral loads; all loads, therefore, must be applied at the
various joints and not in the member themselves.
Assumption for Design. To design both the members and the
connections of a truss, it is necessary first to determine the
force developed in each member when the truss is subjected to
a given loading. To do this we will make two important
assumptions:

• All loadings are applies at the joints

• The members are joint together by smooth pins.


Because of these two assumptions, each truss members will act as a
two-force member, and therefore the force acting at each end of the
member will be directed along the axis of the member. If the forces
tend to elongate the member, it is a tensile force (T), whereas if it
tend to shorten the member, it is a compressive force (C). In actual
design of a truss it is important to state whether the nature of the
force is tensile or compressive. Often, compression members must
be thicker than tension member because of the buckling or column
effect that occurs when a member is on compression.
Simple Truss
If three members are pin connected at their ends, they form a
triangular truss that will be rigid. Attaching two more members and
connecting these members to a new joint D forms a larger truss. This
procedure can be repeated as many times as desired to form an even
larger truss. If a truss can be constructed by expanding the basic triangular
truss in this way, it is called simple truss.
From the manner in which simple trusses are constructed, we can
deduce that the relation m members and j joints is
2𝑗 = 𝑚 + 3

If, 2𝑗 < 𝑚 + 3 , there are less equations available than unknowns,


therefore, the truss is statically indeterminate.
If, 2𝑗 > 𝑚 + 3 , there are too few members; therefore, the truss is
unstable.
2𝑗 = 𝑚 + 3
2(6) = 8 + 3 2𝑗 > 𝑚 + 3 ∴ 𝑢𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
12 > 11

2𝑗 = 𝑚 + 3
2(6) = 10 + 3 2𝑗 < 𝑚 + 3 ∴ 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒

12 < 13

2𝑗 = 𝑚 + 3
2(6) = 9 + 3 2𝑗 = 𝑚 + 3 ∴ 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
12 = 12
Determine the forces in each member of the truss shown
and indicate whether the members are in tension or
compression.
Using the methods of joints, determine the forces in each
member of the truss shown.
Determine the force in each member of the Howe roof truss
shown. State whether each member in tension or compression.
Determine the force in each member of the bridge truss
shown. State whether each member in tension or compression.

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