•.

s-

LESSON
Adding and 1m1J 6.NS.3

5.2 Subtracting Decimals

Fluently add [and) subtract...
decimals using the standard
algorithm ....

~ S~E~TIAL:Q~ ~STl~N [..-◄

~1;1;- - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - _ _ _ , . . . . .~___,
. t How do you add and subtract decimals?
~-----~-~---,.....,.---........ ---....-,....-,.,..,..,,.--....,.....~- - ~

EXPLORE ACTIVITY tR- \ Iii 6.NS.3

Modeling Decimal Addition

You have probably used decimal grids to model decimals. For example,
2
the decimal 0.25, or 1; 0, can be modeled by shading 25 squares in a
10 x 10 grid. You can also use decimal grids to add decimal values.

A chemist combines 0.17 ml of water and 0.49 ml of hydrogen

peroxide in a beaker. How much total liquid is in the beaker?

@ How many grid squares should you shade to represent

0.17 ml of water? Why?

@ How many grid squares should you shade to represent

0.49 ml of hydrogen peroxide?

© Use the grid at the right to model the addition. Use one
color for 0.17 ml of water and another color for 0.49 ml of
hydrogen peroxide.

@ How much total liquid is in the beaker? 0.17 + 0.49 = ____ ml

Reflect
Multiple Representations Show how to shade each grid to represent the
sum. Then find the sum.
1. 0.24 + 0.71 =----- 2. 0.08 + 0.65 = - - - - -

Lesson 5.2 113

 Addi
.
ng Decimals· b First align the numbers by
Add mg decimals is similar to adding w hole num ers. B· d
hen necessary. nng own A
nd
place value. Start adding at the right a regroup w ,t
the decimal point into your answer.

d d 4,1 miles
Susan rode her bicycle 3.12 miles on Mon ay an
on Tuesday. How many miles did she ride in all?

•I
(STEP 1) Align the decimal points. 3 1 2

4 7 0
(STEP 2) Add zeros as placeholders +
when necessary. 7 8 2

( STEP 3) · Add from right to left.

Susan rode 7.82 miles in all.

Use estimation to check that the ans·wer is reasonable.

Round each decimal to the nearest whole number.
3.12 - - 3
+ 4.70 +s
7.82 8
Since 8 is close to 7.82, the answer is reasonable.

., Reflect
' 3. Why can you rewrit~ 4.7 as 4.70?

4. Why is it important to align the decimal points when adding?

Add.
Personal
Math Trainer s. 0.42 + 0.27 = - - - -- 6. 0.61 + 0.329 = - - -- -
Online Assessment
and Intervention

7. 3.25 + 4.6 =- - - - -- 8. 17.27 + 3.88 =

- - - --
114 Unit2
subtracting Decimals 1:,1
~
.

.. . . ; . :.
• '
I!]

rocedure for subtracting decimals . . .

1he P IS similar to the procedure for adding . . "
decirnals. . . .
•I!] ~· .~
Math On the Spot
e><AMPLE 2 6.NS.3
@ my.hrw.com

Mia is 1,60.2 centimeters tall. Rosa is 165

® How II .
much ta er 1s Rosa than Mia?
.
•1 centimeters tall
·

(!TEP 1_) Align the decimal points. . MyNote5

1 6 ~ / .. ·· ·· ··. .. .....
(!"TEP 2) Add zeros as placeholders
- 1 6 0 2
when necessary.
4 9 .. .. .... .. ... .......... ....... •,
Subtract from right to left,
regrouping when necessary. ... .. . .. ... . . . . ... ..
. : .. . . . . . . . . .. .... . . .. .
Rosa is 4.9 centimeters taller than Mia.
. ..... ...... .. ......... . .. .... .
To check that your answer is reasonable, you can estimate. . . ... .. .. . .. . . . ..... . . .
Round each decimal to the nearest whole number. ·
· ·· ·· . .. ...... . ... . .. . . .. .... . · 1

165.1 165 . .. .. .. ... ~- '

·• . ···· ·. ·· · · · . . . . . .
- 160.2 - 160
··· ·· ... ... .. . .. .. . · ···· . . .
4.9 5
. . . . . . ····· ...... ........ . .
0 Since 5 is close to 4.9, the answer is reasonable. ... • ·· . . . ········· ..... .. .. ... .
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . ~ . ... .... .... ... .
@Matthew throws a discus 58.7 meters. Zachary throws the discus
56.12 meters. How much farther did Matthew throw the discus?

(STEP 1) Align the decimal points.

5 8
(sT~P 2) Add zeros as placeholders when 5 6 2
necessary.
2 5 8
(STEP 3) Subtract from right to left,
regrouping when necessary;

Matthew threw the discus 2.58 meters farther How can you
than Zachary: check a subtraction·
problem?
To check that your answer is reasonable, you can estimate.
Round each decimal to the nearest whole number. ..

58.7 59
- 56.12 - 56
2.58 3
Since 3 is close to 2.58, the answer is reas.onable. .

Lesson 5.2 115

 Shadethe . .
grid to find each sum. (Explore Activity)
1•
0,72+0 .19=_ _____ 2. 0.38+ 0.4== =------

Add. Check that your answer is reasonable. (Example 1)

3.
+
54.87
7.48 +
55
7
4.
2.19 ►
0
s. 0.215
0
-II CJ 0 + 34.92 +0 + 3.74 +Q
I !
CJ 0 CJ D
Subtract. Check that your answer is reasonable. (Example 2)
L 6. 9.73. -__.
11

,I .
•

- 7.16 _ _.,.
JO
- 7 0 7.
18.419 _ __.
8.
5.006
0
CJ D --0 - 6.47 - 3.2 -0.f}
CJ D CJ 0,
'i Add or subtract. (Example 1, Example 2)
! I 9. 17.2 + 12.9 = - - - - 10. 28.341 +37.5= _ __
I 11. 25.36 - 2.004 = - - -

12. 15.52 - 8.17 = - - - 13. 25.68 + 12 = - - - - 14. 150.25 - 78 = - - - -

1I
I
f,
15. Perry connects a blue garden hose and a green garden hose to
I I make one long hose. The blue hose is 16.5 feet. The green hose is
I
14.75 feet. How long is the combined hose? (Example 1)

16. Keisha has $20.08 in her purse. She buys a book for $8.72.
How much does she have left? (Example 2)

g _ESS~NTl~ L QUESTION CttE~K-JN d )

~
17. How is adding and subtracting decimals similar to adding and subtracting
whole numbers?

116 Unit 2
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Date------

Personal
Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
Intervention
Add or subtract.

18, 28.6 - 0.975 =- - - - - - - 19. 5.6- 0.105 =

20, 7.03 + 33._
006 = - - - - - - -
21. 57.42 + 4 + 1.602 =
22, 2.25 + 65.47 + 2.333 =- - - - - - 23. 18.419 - 6.47 =
24, 83 - 12.76 = ~ -- - - - - - - 25. 102.01 - 95.602 =

26, Multiple Representations Ursula wrot th

of two mixed numbers. e e sum 5,815 +6.021 as a sum
a. What sum did she write?
-----------
b. Compare the sum of the mixed
numbers to the sum of the decimals.
----------
Use the cafe menu to answer 27-29.

27, Stephen and Jahmya are having lunch. Stephen buys a

garden salad, a veggie burger, and lemonade. Jahmya buys a
fruit salad, a toasted cheese sandwich, and a bottle of water.
Cafe Menu
Whose lunch cost more? How much more? Cm3
Garden Salad $2.29
Fruit Salad $2.89

28. Jahmya wants to leave· $1.75 as a tip for her server. She has a Veggie Burger $4.75
$20 bill. How much chang~ should she receive after paying Toasted Cheese Sandwich
for her food and leaving a tip? $4.59

Bottle of Water $1.39

Lemonade $1.29
29. What If? In addition to his meal, Stephen orders a fruit salad
for take-out, and wants to leave $2.25 as a tip for his server.
He has a $1 obill and a $5 bill. How much change should he
receive after paying for his lunch, the•fruit salad, and the_ tip?

lO. A carpe~te.r who is installing cabinet9 uses th.in pieces of

material called shims to fill gaps. The carpenter uses four
shims to fill a gap that is 1.2 centimeters wide. Three of the
9
shims are 0.75 centimeter, 0.125 centimeter, and 0-~ 7
centimeter wide. What is the width of th e fourth shim.

Lesson 5.2 117

• I

31. ACD of classical . th of each song is

shown in th guitar music contains
e table.
s songs. The Ieng

'
Track 1 Track 5
Track 2 Track 3 Track4
6.S minutes 8 minutes 3.93 minutes 4.1 minutes 5.05 minutes

a. Betw d it
een each song is a 0.05-minute break. How long oes
take to listen to the CD from the beginning of the first song
to the end of the last song? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

b. What If? Juan wants to buy the CD from an Internet music site.
He downloads the CD onto a disc that can hold up to 60 minutes
of music. How many more minutes of music can he still buy after
downloading the CD? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
.................
... • • t • • • • t I t I t1
,,,

[email protected]~-.-9~ l·H+i·iHiiM=ihl·hi·foli:/fr@m- ...

Work Area

32• Analyze Relationships Use the decimals 2.47, 9.57, and 7.1 to write two ...
.
different addition facts and two different subtraction facts. ......
.
...
33. Communicate Mathematical Ideas The Commutative Property of
Addition states that y.ou can change the order of addends in a sum. The
Associative Property of Addition states that you can change the grouping
of addends in a sum. Use an example to show how the Commut~tive
.. •
Property of Addition and the Associative Property of Addition apply to .
adding decimals.
r
•,

34. Critique ~easoning Indira predicts that the actual difference of

19 - 7.82 will be greater than the estimate of 19 - 8 == 11. Is Indira
correct? Explain how Indira might have arrived at that prediction without
subtracting the actual numbers.

118 Unit2
5~3Multiplying Decimals IIIJ 6.NS.3
Fluently ... mu_ltiply....
multi-digit decimals usmg
the standard algorithm ... •

~$ ~~-~ · ) ' STION I ;..>a

How do you multiply decimals?

EXPLORE ACTIVlr? J
----- ·
Iii 6.Ns.3

Modeling Decimal Multiplication

Use decimal grids or area models to find each product.
® 0.3 X 0.5 0.3

0.3 x 0.5 represents 0.3 of 0.5. Shade 5 rows

of the decim al grid to represent 0.5.

Shade 0.3 of each 0.1 that is already shaded

to repres ent 0.3 of _ _ _.

- - - square(s) are double-shaded.

This represents _ _ _ hundredth(s), or 0.15.

0.3 X 0.5 = ___

@ 3.2 X 2.1 3.2

Use an area model . In the model, the large

squares repres ent wholes, the small rect~ngles
along the right and lower edges represent tenths,
and the small squares at the lower right rep~esent 2.1 •
hundre dths. The model is 3 and 2 tenths units long,
and 2 and 1 tenth unit wide.

The area of the model is

- - whole(
s) + __ tenth(s) + ___ hundredth(s) square units.
3.2 X 2.1 = - - -

Reflect
. ns h'1ps How are the products 2.1 x 3.2 and 21 x 32
1.. Analyze Relatio
7
alike? How are they differe nt.

- . -

-- . --- ....,
·- --

Lesson 5.3 119

 / j

.._J.._

Multip
. lying Decimals d ·th whole numbers. Then
To multiply decimals, first multiply as you woul ; ' of decimal places in the
place the decimal point in the product. The num
f d
er ·n the factors •
· al places 1
I
I . 11 product equals the sum of th~ number o ec,m
COMMON
@ my.hrw.com CORE 6.NS.3
Rial
EXAMPLE 1 (WoJI ·
1 99
Delia bought 3.8 p~unds of peppers. The peppers cos·t $ •
per pound. What was the total cost of Delia's peppers?
1.99 +- 2 dec!mal places
x 3.8 +- + 1 decimal place
1592
+ 5970
7.562 +- Round the answer to hundredths
The pepper cost $7.56.
s --====:::::==== --- , to show a dollar amount .

Reflect
2. Communicate Mathematical Ideas How can you use estimation to
check that you have placed the decimal point correctly in your product?

Multiply.
3• 12·6 +- 0 decimal place(s) 4. 9.76 +- □ decimal place(s)
x 15.3 +-
378
+0 decimal place(s) x 0.46 +- + D decimal place(s)

( ] (
Personal
Math Trainer
+( ) +( )
Online Assessment
and Intervention ( J-0 decimal place(s) ( --...1)- 0 decimal place(s)

120 Unit 2
 1. Use the g .d
(Explore ;1t!o rnultiply 0.4 x O7
C IVity) . . 2. Draw an area model to multiply
1.1 x 2.4.
c-- r-- ,..._ _
I--

- -- -
......

'---
,__
-- (Explore Act ivit y)

'--
~

-
~

0.4 X 0.7 =
-------- 1.1 X 2.4 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
MuItip Iy. (Example 1 and Example 2)

3. 0.1 8 X 0.0 6 ==
-- -~ -- - 4. 35.15 x 3.7 = _ _ _ _ _ _
_
s. 0.9 6 X 0.12 ==
------- 6, 62.19 X 32.5 = _ _ _ _ _ __
7. 3.4 X 4.37 ==
------- 8, 3.762 X 0.66 = _ _ _ _ _ __
9. Chan Hee bought 3.4 pounds of
coff ee that cost $~.95 per pound.
Ho w much did he spend on ~offee?
$,_ _ _ _ ___________
_
1 O. Adita earns $9.40 per hour wor
king at an anim al shelter.
How much money will she earn for
18.5 hours of work? $._ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ __
Catherine tracked her gas purcha
ses for one month.
Week Gallons Cost per gallon ($)
11 . How much did Catherine spend
on gas in week 2? 1 10.4 2.65
$_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2
_ __ 11.5 2.54
3 9.72
12. How much more did she spend 2.75
in week 4 than 4 10.6 2.70
in week 1? $_ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ __

Q \!:s~.EN'Ji,i.AY~Msii1cjfflN
-.:::13.
::;,,,,--
How can you check the answer to a decimal multiplication prob
lem?

122 Unit 2
 N a m e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Class _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ D a t e - - - - - -

.. • ·- .. td Personal

~r- 6.NS.3 . Math Trainer

Online
Assessment and
Intervention

.
Make a .reasonable estimate for each s1·tuat1on.

14. A gallon of water weighs 8 354 •

f h. k. · pounds. Simon uses 11 .81 gallons
1
o. w~ter w I eta mg a shower. About how many pounds of water
did Simon use?

1 S. A snail mo~es at a speed of 2.394 inches per minute. If the snail

~eeps mo~mg at this rate, about how many inches will it travel
in 7.489 minutes?

16. Tricia's garden is 9.87 meters long and 1.09 mete.rs wide. What is the
area of her garden?

Kaylynn and Amanda both work at the same store. The table shows
how much each person earns, and the number of hours each person
works in a week.

Wage Ho1,1rs worked

per week
Kaylynn $8.75 per hour 37.S
Amanda $ 10.25 per hour 30.5

17. Estimate how much Kaylynn earns in a week.

18. Estimate how much Amanda earns in a week. -,

19. Calculate the exact difference between Kaylynn and Amanda's weekly
salaries.

20. Victoria's printer can print 8.804 pages in one minute. If Victoria prints
pages for 0.903 minutes, about how many pages will she have?

A taxi charges a flat fee of $4.00 plus $2.25 per mile.

21. How much will it cost to travel 8.7 miles? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

22. Multistep · How much will the taxi driver earn if he takes one passenger
4.8 mjles and another passenger 7.3 miles? Explain your process.
,./

Lesson 5.3 123

 S µJS 44 WWW¥!£
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a: _µe: ) - s

LESSON • .• 6.NS.3 __ _
Fluently ... divide mult1-d1g1t

5.4 Dividing Decimals decimals using the standard

algorithm .. •·

ESSENTIAL QUESTION :;;;.-L___:__,___~......,.,..~""".'7'"~-+71rv;:i,i~r.,ijv,;;~~~~l

· · · -=~ ~!o:=c.,-~ ~~~.decim_~,-~~--=- .........,,..,,,,,,.;=
~

,,,--

'EXPLORE ACTIVITY l IJ6.NS.3

IIW
- , ..

Modeling Decimal Division

use decimal grids to find each quotient.
@ 6.39+3
Shade grids to model 6.39. Separate the model into 3 equal groups.

I How many are in

6.39 + 3
.,,
=
each group?

,
!

,i

@ 6.39 + 2.13

Shade grids to model 6.39. Separate the model into groups of 2.13.

."
C
0.
E
a0,
C .,
§ ;:
l5
~ How many groups do you have?
t,
0
1-
1
~
6.39 + 2.13 =
'
~
~
C
E
","'
Reflect d' 'd d . I
1. . sentations When using models to 1v1 e ec1ma s,
i Mult1pl~ Repre t to use grids divided into tenths instead of
0 when might you wan .
hundredths?
I

~
...
~ ~ ·~ ----.,,,...,.---~ ........_..
=-,,_.. -~-.:-~ -•
,--.-~•
- · --·-
,_., - ... ..,.~ . -- ---
'
• -- -·-· •..,,._..~- ...,.~- -.,,:;.,".- .. , ..
~•

Lesson 5.4 125

 . . Whole Numbers
Dividinn1' Decimals by b'ers. When
. ·d· whole num
you divide
. I ·nt in the
Dividing decimals is similar to drvr ,ng ent of the decrma por . .
a decimal by a whole number, the placem f the decimal in the divide nd ·
0
quotient is determined by the placement

. . '
" 1.22
My Notes ·d It is divided
® into 8 lanes of equal width for track an
A high school track is 9.76 meters WI ed f Id events.
ie
8) 9.76
..... .... .. ...... -8
...... . .. . . . . . . .. .. . .. How wide is each lane? 17
-16
Divide using long division a's with wh.ole numbers .
........ .. ... 16
Plac~ a decimal point in the quotient directly above -16
.... . ... . .... . .... . ..
0
the decimal point in the dividend.

Each lane is 1.22 meters wide.

10.99
th TaQc @ Aero~ics <lasses cost $153.~6 ':' 14 sessions.
11
4 , · -1:fo@if
· · Mf1uam
How can you check
What 1s the fee for one session.
Divide using lo~g division as with whole numbers.
14) 153.86
-14
13
to see that the answer ·
is correct? -0
Place a decimal point in the quotient directly above · 13 8
the decimal point in the dividend. -126
1 26
The fee for one aerobics class is $10.99. ·
-126
--6
Reflect
2. Check for Reasonableness How can you estimate
to check that your quotient in ® is reasonable?

Divide. · .

3. 5) 9.75 . 4. 7)6.44
Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
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126 Unit2
Dividing a Decimal by a Decimal
When dividing .a decimal by a decimal, first change the divisor to a whole
number by multiplying by a power of 10. Then multiply the dividend by
■·
~
~
.
.

l!l
.
.
m
.

.
1

;
:,v.·

the same power of 10.

Math On the Spot
@ my.hrw.com
Real
EXAMPLE 2 (world COMMON
CORE

® Ella uses 0.5 pound of raspberries in each raspberry cake that

she makes. How many cakes can Ella make with 3.25 pounds
of raspberries?

(sTEP 1) The divisor has one decimal (sTEP2) Divide.

place, so multiply both the
6.5
dividend and the divisor 5) 32.5
by 10 so that the divisor -30
is a whole number. 25
- 25
0.5) 3.25 0.5) 3.25
~ Lj.
0 0
0.5 X 10 = 5

3.25 X 10 = 32.5 .

Ella can make 6 cakes.

@ Anthony spent $11.52 for some pens that were on sale

for $0.72 each. How many pens did Anthony buy?

(STEP 1) The divisor has two decimal (STEP2) Divide:

places, so multiply both the 16
dividend and the divisor by 72)1ls2
100 so that the divisor is a -72
whole number. 432
-432
0.72) 11.52 0.72) 11.52 0 0
LI LJ
0.72 X 100 = 72

11.52 X 100 = 1152

Anthony bought 16 pens.

Divide.

s. 0.5)4.25 6. 0.84) 15.12 Personal

Math Trainer
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and Intervention
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Lesson 5.4 127

 Applying Operations liW#IJ 6.NS.3 _
Fluently add, s~b~ract,
multiply, and d!v1de
with Rational multi-digit decimals ... •

Numbers
~ SSEN~ ~ L QUE~TION :::.:::i _________ __,-.-.;.._i___ _ _ _ _ _ ~ -~l
~-.,:. How can you solve problems involving multiplication
and divi sion of fractions and decimals?

E~L~RE__~"!_IVITY __ 1/,illJ&.Ns.a
---·- ■
.
·· ,. · '.·(!l
. .. . .
Interpreting a Word Problem •
.
•
.
:"Z
.
I!] ~· · ..
When you solve a word problem involving rational numbers, you often need
Math On the Spot
to think about the problem to decide which operations to use.
@) my.hrw.com
1ff:'"5jQ!j ■ Naomi earned $54 mowing lawns in two days. She worked
2.5 hours yesterday and 4.25 hours today. If Naomi was paid
the same amount for every hour she works, how much did
she earn per hour?

l ) l]nalyze Information )
0 Identify the important information.
• Naomi made _ _ _ mowing lawns.
• Naomi worked hours yesterday and _ _ hours today.
• You are asked to find _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

f11Formulate a Plan )
• The total amount she earned divided by the total hours she worked
gives the amount she earned per hour.
• Use the expression 54 7 (2.5 + 4.25) to find the amount she earned
per hour.

f ) [ solve lnrr nu,®:: . ) .

Follow the order of operations.
Add inside parentheses. (2.5 + 4.25) = - - -

Divide. 54 -;- 6.75 =--

Naomi earned ___ per hour mowing lawns.
Iii .
(l 4;
~-,-..,.
--t1- IMlJ
_ !i_1,,-w-,-~..J
.....,,
You added _ __ and ___ first to find the total number of hours worked.
Then you divided _ __ by the sum to find the amount earned per hour.

Le sson 5.5 131

 YOURTURN t
........ f red fabric. If the blue
Personal ,
rd
~
1 • Casey buys 6.2 yards of blue fabric and 5.4 ya s C sey pays $58 for
Math Trainer and red fabric cost the same amount per yard, an a ·
0 nI'ine Assessment .
all of the fabric, what is the cost per yard?
and Intervention
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Converting Fractions and Decimals

to Solve Problems
Recall that you can use a number line to find equivalent fractions and decimals.
th
If a fraction and a decimal are equivalent, they are represented by e same
@) my.hrw.com point on a number line.
COMMON
CORE 6.NS.3
EXAMPLE 2
Each part of a multipart question on a test is worth the same number of
points. The whole question is worth 37,5 points. Roz got} of the parts of
a question correct. How many points did Roz receive?

Solution 1
(sTEP 1) Convert the decimal to a fraction greater than 1.
7
Write 37.5 as 37-½, or z5,
(STEP 2) Multiply. Write the product in simplest form.

Roz received 18¾ points.

0

Solution 2 ,.~
C.
E
Convert the fraction to a decimal. 3
a
MnMff!\U#D/
· 1 l1 X 37.5 = 0.5 X 37.5
Do the solutions give
the same result?
Explain. Multiply.

0.5 X 37.5 = 18.75 Roz received 18. 75 points.

. .

YOU
Personal
Math Trainer 2. The billfor a pizza was $14.50. Charles paid for 3 . · ·
Online Assessment
to find how much he paid. s of the bill. Show two wa
and Intervention
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132 Unit2