Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide

These are study materials and not the exact topics/questions that will be asked on your DBA.

Please be prepared to discuss and apply ANY topic from the module.

Welcome to your Toolbox Watch this video first!

Complete the tasks below to prep for your DBA.

1) Fill out all the Toolbox note guides for each

module lesson
2) Review the vocabulary and/or formulas
below.
3) Review the specific toolbox videos below and
practice problems below

Note: these vocab words and problems are

also located in the module lessons.

Vocabulary Vocabulary Review #’s 1 - 7 (1:50)

Vocabulary Review # 8 (1:04)
1. Dependent Variable: the ____________ Vocabulary Review #’s 9 - 15 (2:17)
value of a function, typically the y-value Vocabulary Review #’s 16 - 20 (1:49)
Vocabulary Review #’s 21 - 28 (2:01)
2. Domain: the complete set of possible Vocabulary Review #’s 29 - 32 (1:07)
values of the __________ of a function or
relation

3. Function: a mathematical relation for

which each ____________ of the domain
corresponds to exactly one element of the
range

4. Independent Variable: the ___________

value of a function, typically the x-value

5. Ordered Pair: a pair of numbers used to

locate a point on a coordinate plane

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 1

 written in the form __________, where x
is the x-coordinate and y is the
y-coordinate

6. Range: the complete set of possible

values of the __________ of a relation or
function

7. Relation: a _______ of input-output pairs

8. Linear Function: a function that has a

____________ rate of change

9. Association: a way to describe the form,

direction, or strength of the ____________
between the two variables in a bivariate
data set; for ____________ data,
descriptions include linear or nonlinear,
positive or negative, strong or weak; for
____________ data, descriptions include
strong or weak

10. Bivariate Data: data that measures

_________ characteristics of a population

11. Line Graph: a graph that displays

numerical data using _______________
line segments

12. Data: values that are collected together for

reference or ________________.

13. Numerical Data: a type of data that is

______________; numerical data are
quantitative

14. Outlier: a value that is much __________

or much____________ than the other
values in a set of data

15. Scatter Plot: a graph in the coordinate

plane representing a set of ____________

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 2

 numerical data that is used to observe the
relationship between ________ variables

16. Line of Fit: a line drawn on a scatter plot

to ______________ the relationship
between two sets of data; also known as
a ____________ line

17. Linear Equation: a polynomial equation

that contains a __________ of
__________ 1, but no term of higher
degree.

18. Scatter Plot: a graph in the coordinate

plane representing a set of
____________ numerical data that is
used to observe the relationship between
________ variables.

19. Slope: the _________ of the change in

the _____________ direction (y direction)
to change in the ________________
direction (x direction), often expressed as
the change in y divided by the
change in x.

20. Y-intercept: the value of y at the point

where a line or graph intersects the
_________; the value of x is 0 at this
point.
21. Event: a set of possible ____________
resulting from an experiment; in general, an
event is any subset of a sample space

22. Experiment: an activity involving _______

23. Outcome: _______ of a trial or experiment

24. Probability: the chance or likelihood of an

____________ occurring

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 3

25. Repeated Experiment: a ___________
experiment done with the same conditions
and parameters as a _________ one

26. Sample Space: in a probability model for a

random process, a list of the __________
outcomes that are to be considered of an
event occurring

27. Single Experiment: a random experiment

performed ___________

28. Theoretical Probability: a number

between 0 and 1 representing the likelihood
of an event in a theoretical _________
based on a sample space; if all outcomes in
the sample space are equally likely, then
theoretical probability of an event is the
________ of the number of outcomes in the
event to the number of outcomes in the
sample space

29. Experimental Probability: the probability

of an event based on _________ data
from an experiment

30. Frequency: the number of times an

___________ occurs in the experiment

31. Repeated Experiment: when the same

chance activity is performed _________ or
more time

32. Simulation: using objects like coins,

cards, spinners, and dice to collect
_______ in an experiment

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 4

Formulas | Important Info

The domain are the “x” or input values.

The range are the “y” or the output values.

Coordinate pairs are written in the form (x, y)

There are three main types of intervals: increasing,

decreasing, and constant.

A linear function is a special type of function that

has a constant rate of change, or slope. The
lines are straight.

Horizontal lines are considered functions.

Vertical lines are not considered functions.

The equations of linear functions have an

independent and a dependent variable, each
with an exponent of 1.

Rate of change, or slope, is found by finding the

change in the y-values, divided by the change in
the x-values.

Scatter plots have three main types of

association: positive, negative, and no
association.

Scatter plots can be linear or nonlinear.

Slope-intercept form: y = mx + b
m = the slope, how the line moves
b = the y-intercept, where the line begins on the y-axis

There are four main types of slope: positive,

negative, zero (horizontal line) and undefined
(vertical line)

To determine the probability of an event, use the

Probability Model.

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 5

 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
P(event) = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

We can calculate Experimental Probability using

the following formula.

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠

P(event) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠

Practice Problems Watch & Complete

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (2:25)

Let’s find the domain and range of the relation below:

(-4, -7) (-1, -5) (0, 2) (3, 8) (6, 9)

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (2:49)

Domain: ________________________

Range: ________________________

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (3:10)

{(3, 7), (4, 3), (-6, 11)} __________________

{(2, 1), (5, -3), ( 2, 6)} __________________

{(0, 2), (3, 4), (0, 2)} __________________

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 6

 Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (2:22)

This relation _________________ a function

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (5:19)

The graph below illustrates Pam’s drive to work The x-axis
represents time and the y-axis represents miles driven.

Does this graph show a function? Why or why not?

Where is the graph increasing and what does this

mean for the real world scenario?

Where is the graph decreasing and what does this

mean for the real world scenario?

Where is the graph constant and what does this

mean for the real world scenario?

What is the rate of change for the constant interval,

and what does this mean for the real world scenario?

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 7

 Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (2:27)

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (4:11)

Equation Linear or Nonlinear

𝑦 = − 4𝑥 + 7

Why?:

Equation Linear or Nonlinear

3
𝑥 = 4

Why?:

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 8

 Equation Linear or Nonlinear
2
𝑥 = 𝑦 +3

Why?:

Equation Linear or Nonlinear

7
𝑦 = 9

Why?:

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (2:21)

x y

This function is ___________________ because

there ______________ a constant rate of change

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 9

 Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (1:22)

________ clusters (circle twice)

________ outlier (circle once)

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (1:43)

Circle the best answer choice for each row below

after watching the video.

● None | Negative | Positive

● Strong | Weak

● Nonlinear | Linear

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 10

 Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (3:38)

Hours
Worked

Paycheck
Amount

Independent Variable: _______________________

Dependent Variable: _______________________

Toolbox Tutor:DBA Review Problem (1:16)

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review problem (1:00)

This scatter plot has _________ association.

This means there is _________ line of fit.

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 11

 Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (4:05)

Slope: _____________________________

Y-int: _____________________________

Equation: __________________________

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 12

 Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (1:32)

List:

______________________________________

Set Notation:

S = { ____________________________________ }

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 13

 Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (2:02)

Flip 1 Flip 2

Outcome 1

Outcome 2

Outcome 3

Outcome 4

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (2:29)

Step 1: S = { ___________________________ }

Step 2: Favorable outcomes = _________________

Step 3:

P(even) = = = =

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 14

 Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (2:21)

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠

P(event) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠

P (event) = = 𝑥 100 = %

Notice that the experimental probability _________

the same as the theoretical probability of ________

Important: According to the Law of Large Numbers, the

more trials you complete, the closer the experimental
probability will get to the theoretical probability.

Toolbox Tutor: DBA Review Problem (3:10)

Sample Space:

(B, B) (W, W) (S, S) (B, S) (B, W) (W, B) (W, S) (S, B) and (S, W)

Favorable events, at least 1 swirl:

(B, B) (W, W) (S, S) (B, S) (B, W) (W, B) (W, S) (S, B) and (S, W)

Theoretical Probability:

Now we can write a proportion and solve to find

a reasonable prediction.

We can predict that at least one swirl will be

pulled ___________ times.

Statistics and Probability DBA & Exam Study Guide | Page 15