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Assignment 1

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26 views2 pages

Assignment 1

Uploaded by

Swapan Deb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B. Tech.

Physics Assignment - 1

September 8, 2024

Topic: Oscillations
Total marks (30)

1. Consider a spring mass system, for which the spring constant and mass of the oscillator are k and M , respec-
tively. The damping force on the oscillator per unit velocity is b.

(a) Set up the differential equation for the displacement of the oscillator. Solving the equation, derive the
general expression for the displacement of the oscillator.
(b) Discuss the conditions for overdamped, critical damped and under damped motions.
(c) Graphically show the difference between undamped and under damped oscillations.
(d) Mention the positions at which the damping force and restoring force attain their minimum value in case
of a damped harmonic oscillator.
(e) Define logarithmic decrement δ.
i. Find an expression for it.
ii. If An+1 represents the (n+1)-th order amplitude, then show that
1 A1
δ= ln .
n An+1

(f) Comment on the energy decay of an underdamped oscillator. Find out the expression for the relaxation
time.
(g) Define the quality factor (Q) in the light of damped motion. For small damping, get an expression for Q.
What is the limit of quality factor for different type of motion.
(h) The EOM of an oscillator is given as:

d2 x dx
4 2
+ 16 + 36x = 0.
dt dt
Obtain the value of damping coefficient and the angular frequency of damped oscillation. Calculate the
time period of oscillation and the relaxation time.

2. Consider the damped system as mentioned in the previous question. Consider a sinusoidal force F = F0 sin ωt,
is applied to the oscillator.

(a) Set up the differential equation for the motion of the oscillator.
(b) Solve the equation to obtain the expression for the displacement of the oscillator as a function of time.
Discuss the transient state and the equilibrium state.
(c) Plot the variation of phase difference between the applied force and the displacement of the oscillator, as
a function of applied frequency ω.
(d) Plot the amplitude of the forced oscillation as a function of applied frequency ω. Plot this variation for
two damping constants, r1 and r2 (r1 < r2 ).
(e) Discuss amplitude resonance. Find out the resonant frequency and the amplitude at resonant frequency.

1
(f) The EOM of an oscillator is given as:

d2 y dy
4 + 16 + 36y = 20 sin(3πt).
dt2 dt
Obtain the value of damping coefficient and the angular frequency of damped oscillation. What will be
the angular frequency at steady state?

3. (a) What is coupled oscillation? Give two examples.


(b) Consider two identical simple pendulums having mass ‘m’ and length ‘l’ each. They are coupled through
a mass less spring of force constant ‘k’.
i. Write down the differential equations describing the motion of these two oscillators. Decouple the
equations with the help of normal coordinates, and obtain the corresponding differential equations.
Hence, find out the normal mode frequencies.
ii. What is the phase difference between two bobs when they are oscillating (a) in phase, (b) out of
phase? In which case, the time period of oscillation is more?
iii. With the help of suitable graph explain (a) in phase oscillation and (b) out of phase oscillation.
(c) Two pendulums of mass 80 × 10−3 kg each are suspended by massless rigid rods of length 1.8 m each.
Two masses are coupled by a massless spring of force constant k = 1N/m. Calculate the normal mode of
frequencies of coupled oscillator. (Take g = 10 m/s2 )

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