Choose and mark the correct answer for the following questions

1. Any subset of the sample space is called

(a) event (b) outcome (c) sample point (d) none of the above
2. If two events A and B have no elements in common, the events A and B are
(a) independent (b) dependent (c) equally likely (d) mutually exclusive
3. The probability of a null event is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) positive (d) negative
4. The set of all outcomes of a random experiment is called
(a) event (b) sample space (c) sample point (d) none of these
5. Two events can be independent and mutually exclusive simultaneously. This statement is
(a) True (b) False (c) sometimes true (d) None of these
6. If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then
(a) A∩B = ∅ (b) A∩B ≠ ∅ (c) A∩B = S (d) A∩B ≠ S
7. If A and B are exhaustive events, then
(a) A∪B = ∅ (b) A∪B ≠ ∅ (c) A∪B = S (d) A∪B ≠ S
8. The probability of a sure event is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) positive (d) negative
9. If A and B are independent events, then
(a) P[A∩B] = 0 (b) P[A∩B] = 1 (c) P[A∩B] = P(A)P(B) (d) None of these
10. A bag contains 3 white, 5 red and 2 green balls. If one ball is drawn out at random, the
probability of obtaining a red or a green ball is
5 2 7 3
(a) (b) 10 (c) 10 (d) 10
10

11. If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then

(b) P[A∪B] = 0 (b) P[A∪B] = 1 (c) P[A∪B] = P(A)+P(B) (d) None of these
12. A random experiment has
(a) Only one possible outcomes (b) no possible outcomes
(c) more than one possible outcome (d) Exactly two possible outcomes
13. The sample space of a random experiment is the
(a) Set of any one outcome of the random experiment
(b) Set of any two outcomes of the random experiment
(c) Null set
(d) Set of all possible outcomes of the random experiment
14. An event associated with a random experiment can be represented as
(a) A subset of the sample space (b) the sample space
(c) null set (d) none of these
15. If A and B are any two events associated with a random experiment, then A∪B is defined
as the event
(a) Only A happens (b) A or B happens (c) Only B happens
(d) both A and B happen
16. If A and B are any two events associated with a random experiment, then A∩B is defined
as the event
(a) Only A happens (b) A or B happens (c) Only B happens
(d) both A and B happen
17. The complement of an event A associated with a random experiment is the event
(a) A does not happen (b) A will happen (c) A may happen (d) none of these
18. The probability of getting a king or a spade when a card is drawn from a well shuffled
deck of cards is
4 13 16 17
(a) (b) 52 (c) 52 (d) 52
52

19. The probability of getting a sum of 9, when two dice are tossed is
4 1 5 2
(a) (b) 9 (c) 9 (d) 9
9

20. If A and B are two events associated with a random experiment, then
(a) P(A∪B) = P(A)P(B) (b) P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)
𝑃(𝐴) 𝑃(𝐵)
(c) P(A∪B) = 𝑃(𝐵) (d) P(A∪B) = 𝑃(𝐴)

21. If A and B are two events associated with a random experiment, then
𝑃(𝐴) 𝑃(𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
(a) P(A | B) = 𝑃(𝐵) (b) P(A | B) = 𝑃(𝐴) (c) P(A | B) = (d) none of
𝑃(𝐵)

these
22. If A and B are two events associated with a random experiment, then

(a) P(A∩B) = P(A)+P(B) (b) P(A∩B) = P(A)P(B | A)

𝑃(𝐴) 𝑃(𝐵)
(c) P(A∩B) = 𝑃(𝐵) (d) P(A∩B) = 𝑃(𝐴)

23. A random variable depends on

(a) sample space (b) any subset of the sample space (c) any outcome (d) none of these
24. Variance of a constant is always equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) constant itself (d) none of these
25. The p.d.f. f(x) of a random variable X satisfies
(a) f(x) ≥ 0 (b) f(x) = 0 (c) f(x) = 1 (d) f(x) ≤ 0
26. The p.d.f. f(x) of a random variable X satisfies
(a) ∑f(x) ≥ 0 (b) ∑f(x) = 0 (c) ∑f(x) = 1 (d) ∑f(x) ≤ 0
27. The p.d.f. f(x) of a random variable X is f(x) = kx; when x = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, then the value of k
is
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20
5

28. The probability distribution of a random variable X is as follows

X 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 3 3 1
8 8 8 8
E(X) is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 2.5
29. If a random variable X has the following probability distribution, the value of k is _____.
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f(x) k 2k 3k 5k 5k 4k 3k 2k k
1 1 1
(a) (b) 36 (c) 26 (d) 1
9
𝑥
30. If f(x) = 21; when x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is the probability density function of a random

variable X, then E(X) is

91 81 71 61
(a) (b) 21 (c) 21 (d) 21
21

31. If f(x) is the p.d.f. of a random variable X, then E(X) is defined as

1
(a) ∑ 𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑥) (b) ∑ 𝑓(𝑥) (c) ∑ 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) (d) none of these
𝑥

32. Variance of a random variable is always

(a) Negative (b) zero (c) non-negative (d) one
33. If X is a random variable, with mean E(X), then E [X – E(X)]2 represents
(a) Standard deviation of X (b) variance of X
(c) Median of X (d) none of these
34. A box contains 6 white and 4 black balls. Two balls are drawn out at random. What is the
expected number of black balls obtained?
2 4 6 8
(a) (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 5
5

35. The probability distribution of a random variable X is as follows

X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 0.1 0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1
Then E(X) is equal to
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.5 (d) 0
36. A player tosses three coins. He wins Rs. 10/- if all coins show heads. Rs. 5/- if two heads
appear. Re. 1/- if one head appears. He will lose Rs. 12/- if no head appears. What is his
expected amount?
(a) Rs. 8/- (b) Rs. 4/- (c) Rs. 2/- (d) Re. 1/-
37. Two dice are tossed and the thrower receives an amount equal to the sum of the numbers
obtained. What is the expected amount?
(a) Rs. 7/- (b) Rs. 12/- (c) Rs. 6/- (d) None of these
38. A variable that assumes different real values depending on the different outcomes of a
random experiment is a _______.
(a) Attribute (b) Random variable (c) outcome (d) none of these
39. A random variable can assume only positive values. This statement is ________.
(a) True (b) False (c) ambiguous (d) none of these
40. If X is a random variable, then
(a) E(X2) = [E(X)]2 (b) E(X2) ≥ [E(X)]2 (c) E(X2) ≤ [E(X)]2 (d) none of these
41. The outcome of tossing three coins is
(a) Discrete random variable (b) continuous random variable
(c) Neither discrete nor continuous (d) both discrete as well as continuous
42. The heights of persons in a country is
(a) Discrete random variable (b) continuous random variable
(c) Neither discrete nor continuous (d) both discrete as well as continuous
43. For a binomial distribution which of the following is not true
(a) mean = np (b) variance = npq (c) both (a) & (b) (d) mean = variance = 0
44. If a and b are the mean and variance of a binomial distribution then
(a) a > b (b) a ≥ b (c) a < b (d) a ≤ b

Answer the following questions

1. A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 green balls, and 2 blue balls. If a ball is randomly drawn
from the bag, what is the probability that it is red?
2. If a fair coin is tossed twice, what is the probability of getting at least one head?
3. A six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a number greater than 4?
4. In a class of 30 students, 18 are girls. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the
probability that the student is a boy?
5. A single card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that
the card is either a King or a Queen?
6. Two dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the dice is
8, given that one of the dice shows a 5?
7. A jar contains 4 red, 6 blue, and 5 green marbles. If two marbles are drawn one after
the other with replacement, what is the probability that both marbles are blue?
8. A box contains 4 defective bulbs and 16 non-defective bulbs. If two bulbs are chosen
randomly without replacement, what is the probability that both bulbs are defective?
9. In a game, you roll a fair six-sided die. If you get a 1 or a 2, you lose Rs. 5; if you get
a 3 or 4, you win Rs.3; and if you get a 5 or 6, you win Rs.10. What is the expected
value of your winnings?
10. A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card
is either a heart or a spade?
11. In a survey, 60% of people like tea, 40% like coffee, and 20% like both. What is the
probability that a randomly selected person likes either tea or coffee?
12. A coin is tossed and a six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a head
on the coin and a 4 on the die?
13. A box contains 3 red balls and 2 blue balls. If two balls are drawn one after the other
without replacement, what is the probability that both balls are red?
14. Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards without replacement. What is
the probability that both cards are aces?
15. From a bag containing 4 white, 5 black, and 6 red balls, two balls are drawn one by
one without replacement. What is the probability that the first ball is white and the
second ball is black?